卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的位电荷密度能和1og Kow与-lg LC50的QSAR研究

以简易的量子化学方法计算了二十多种卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的FMO位电荷密度能,并进行定量结构-活性相关(quantiktive struvyitr biodegradability)研究,获得满意的结果.最后从生物酶促反应本质、污染物-生物酶的轨道控制反应角度对QSAR提出新的解释.     

卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的位电荷密度能和logKow与－lgLC50的QSAR研究

以简易的量子化学方法计算了二十多种卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的FMO位电荷密度 能，并进行定量结构－活性相关（quantitive structrue biodegradability)研究 ，获得满意的结果。最后从生物酶促反应本质、污染物－生物酶的轨道控制反应角 度对QSAR提出新的解释。     

《化学通报》网络版(Chemistry Online)2002年第5期论文摘要

[Ｗ 0 3 3 ]生物酶的固定化及其应用ＰｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｔｈｅＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆＥｎｚｙｍｅＩｍｍｏｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＩｍｍｏｂｉｌｉｚｅｄＥｎｚｙｍｅ刁颖辉　付时雨 　余惠生 (中科院广州化学研究所纤维素化学开放实验室　广州　 5 1 0 65 0 )固定化酶有利于实现生物酶与反应物的分离及酶的反复利用 ,有很好的应用前景。笔者从固定化酶的方法类别、用于固定化的功能基团、固定化后传质作用的影响等方面进行综述 ,并介绍了固定化酶近些年在生物传感器、有机反应、环境保护领域的应用。Ｅｎ…     

艾美科健(中国)生物医药有限公司

正艾美科健(中国)生物医药有限公司企业前身为山东鲁抗立科药业有限公司是一家集研发、生产、销售,于一体的高新技术企业。主要产品有:离子交换和大孔吸附树脂、酶载体树脂、琼脂糖、葡聚糖类分离介质、固定化生物酶、Protein A等抗体亲和介质。公司现拥有100余个树脂品种。广泛用于制药、食品、植物提取、环保、水处理、化工、生物酶等领域。     

艾美科健(中国)生物医药有限公司

正艾美科健(中国)生物医药有限公司企业前身为山东鲁抗立科药业有限公司是一家集研发、生产、销售,于一体的高新技术企业。主要产品有:离子交换和大孔吸附树脂、酶载体树脂、琼脂糖、葡聚糖类分离介质、固定化生物酶、Protein A等抗体亲和介质。公司现拥有100余个树脂品种。广泛用于制药、食品、植物提取、环保、水处理、化工、生物酶等领域。     

艾美科健(中国)生物医药有限公司

正艾美科健(中国)生物医药有限公司企业前身为山东鲁抗立科药业有限公司是一家集研发、生产、销售,于一体的高新技术企业。主要产品有:离子交换和大孔吸附树脂、酶载体树脂、琼脂糖、葡聚糖类分离介质、固定化生物酶、Protein A等抗体亲和介质。公司现拥有100余个树脂品种。广泛用于制药、食品、植物提取、环保、水处理、化工、生物酶等领域。艾美科健树脂自二十世纪六十年代起开始研制和生产各种离子交换与吸附树     

金属-生物酶共催化合成手性化合物的研究进展

综述了金属-生物酶共催化合成手性化合物的研究进展,重点介绍了金属-生物酶共催化在动态动力学拆分、串联反应和"一锅法"一步反应中的应用,并对其未来发展进行了展望。参考文献49篇。     

一个新颖南极微生物酯酶EST112-2的功能鉴定和在手性叔醇(S)-芳樟醇制备中的应用（英文）

手性叔醇是合成药物和一些香料产品的非常重要中间体.芳樟醇是叔醇的一种,不同构型的芳樟醇具有不同的香气.因此如何研发合适的制备方法以获得高光学纯度的芳樟醇等叔醇是急需解决的技术问题.生物酶催化合成符合绿色化学的理念,但是由于叔醇化学结构中的空间位阻影响,使用生物酶催化的拆分反应制备高光学纯度的叔醇比较困难.对来自南极微生物的一个新的酯酶EST112-2进行了功能鉴定,并将其作为合成手性芳樟醇的生物催化剂.EST112-2可以通过不对称水解乙酸芳樟酯获得(S)-芳樟醇.对反应的p H、温度、共溶剂、底物浓度、催化剂用量以及反应时间等参数进行优化,EST112-2制备的(S)-芳樟醇的光学纯度大于66%,得率超过72%.EST112-2制备的(S)-芳樟醇的光学纯度要远远高于以往报道.     

基于蛋白质骨架的人工水解酶的理性设计

蛋白质是生命体的重要组成部分,其中生物酶在生命体系中发挥至关重要的作用。蛋白质分子设计是研究生物酶结构与功能关系的重要手段。本文综述了基于蛋白质骨架的人工水解酶的理性设计与功能研究进展,包括对天然蛋白的重新利用和重新改造,基于3-股螺旋、4-股螺旋或锌指蛋白的分子设计,以及血红蛋白(如细胞色素b₅和肌红蛋白突变体)水解酶催化活性的调控等,阐明了人工水解酶分子设计的基本思路与研究方法,为合理构建人工水解酶或其他生物酶提供了重要的信息。人工水解酶的理性设计进展,不但深化我们对天然酶结构-性质-反应-功能关系的认识,而且还提升我们创造具有优越功能的人工生物酶的能力。     

生物酶法制备1, 3-甘油二酯

近年来的研究表明,食用含有1,3-甘油二酯（1,3-DAG）的油脂可以降低脂肪积累、防止体重增加。但是天然存在的1,3-DAG很少,所以1,3-DAG的制备尤显重要。相对于化学法,生物酶法合成1,3-DAG具有反应条件温和、环境友好、产品质量好等优点,故近年来利用酶法合成1,3-DAG越来越受到关注。本文综述了国内外生物酶法制备1,3-DAG的相关研究进展,并指出降低酶的生产成本、延长酶的使用寿命等措施有助于促进生物酶法工业化生产1,3-DAG。     

Preparation of interpenetrating polymer network composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylamide) hydrogels as a support of enzyme immobilization

Poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)‐based interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels were prepared for the application of enzyme immobilization. Poly(acrylamide)(PAAm) was chosen as the other network of IPN hydrogel and different concentration of PAAm networks were incorporated inside the PEG hydrogel to improve the mechanical strength and provide functional groups that covalently bind the enzyme. Formation of IPN hydrogels was confirmed by observing the weight per cent gain of hydrogel after incorporation of PAAm network and by attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FTIR) analysis. Synthesis of IPN hydrogels with higher PAAm content produced more crosslinked hydrogels with lower water content (WC), smaller M_c and mesh size, which resulted in enhanced mechanical properties compared to the PEG hydrogel. The IPN hydrogels exhibited tensile strength between 0.2 and 1.2 MPa while retaining high levels of hydration (70–81% water). For enzyme immobilization, glucose oxidase (GOX) was immobilized to PEG and IPN hydrogel beads. Enzyme activity studies revealed that although all the hydrogels initially had similar enzymatic activity, enzyme‐immobilizing PEG hydrogels lost most of the enzymatic activity within 2 days due to enzyme leaching while IPN hydrogels maintained a maximum 80% of the initial enzymatic activity over a week due to the covalent linkage between the enzyme and amine groups of PAAm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Immobilisation of lactate dehydrogenase on poly(aniline)-poly(acrylate) and poly(aniline)-poly(vinyl sulphonate) films for use in a lactate biosensor

The immobilisation of enzymes on an electrode surface, in such a manner that they retain both substrate specificity and high levels of catalytic activity, is of great importance in bioelectrochemistry. This includes areas such as the development of enzyme-catalysed fuel cell electrodes, biosensors and other biotechnological applications. We have investigated the catalytic activity of hexahistidine tagged variants of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from the thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus both in solution and when immobilised on poly(aniline)-poly(acrylate) (PANi-PAA) or poly(aniline)-poly(vinyl sulphonate) (PANi-PVS) composite films. Both the C- and N-terminally tagged enzymes are readily immobilised on the modified electrode and catalyse the conversion of lactate and NAD⁺ to pyruvate and NADH. The NADH that is generated can be readily oxidised at the PANi-modified electrode surface.In solution, the activity of the C-tagged enzyme (LDH-CHis) was some 30% less that of the wild-type under comparable conditions, whereas the N-tagged enzyme was found to possess essentially the same activity as the wild-type. However, when the enzymes were immobilised on PANi-PAA and PANi-PVS the C-tagged enzyme films showed a higher NADH-dependent current than the wild-type LDH whilst the N-tagged enzyme had the highest of the three. In addition, the C-tagged enzyme film appeared more stable than the wild-type LDH-PANi film. A novel immobilisation chemistry of the enzyme is proposed to account for these observations.     

In silico modeling for dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes in Alzheimer’s disease

In this research, we have implemented two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) modeling using two different datasets, namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme inhibitors. A third dataset has been derived based on their selectivity and used for the development of partial least squares (PLS) based regression models. The developed models were extensively validated using various internal and external validation parameters. The features appearing in the model against AChE enzyme suggest that a small ring size, higher number of −CH2- groups, higher number of secondary aromatic amines and higher number of aromatic ketone groups may contribute to the inhibitory activity. The features obtained from the model against BuChE enzyme suggest that the sum of topological distances between two nitrogen atoms, higher number of fragments X-C(=X)-X, higher number of secondary aromatic amides, fragment R--CR-X may be more favorable for inhibition. The features obtained from selectivity based model suggest that the number of aromatic ethers, unsaturation content relative to the molecular size and molecular shape may be more specific for the inhibition of the AChE enzyme in comparison to the BuChE enzyme. Moreover, we have implemented the molecular docking studies using the most and least active molecules from the datasets in order to identify the binding pattern between ligand and target enzyme. The obtained information is then correlated with the essential structural features associated with the 2D-QSAR models.     

聚碳酸乙烯撑酯与双端氨基聚乙二醇交联体系固定化酶载体的合成与表征

将聚碳酸乙烯撑酯(PVCA)与α,ω-双端氨基聚乙二醇(H₂N-PEG-NH₂)溶于DMF,于液蜡中进行交联反应制得亲水性固定化酶载体,将其与胰蛋白酶进行偶联反应制备了固定化胰蛋白酶.酶蛋白的比活力及其于载体上的结合量与反应条件有关,当w(PVCA)/w(H₂N-PEG-NH₂)为0.5时,二者均处于最高值.此固定化酶酶促反应的最适pH值和Km值均较之溶液酶有显著提高,但二者的最适酶促反应温度却相当一致.     

Liquid chromatography purification and study of uridilylpolynucleotide-(5′P→O)-tyrosine phosphodiesterase

Summary LC has been used as a tool for studying uridilylpolynucleotide-(5′P→O)-phosphodiesterase—an enzyme which hydrolyses specifically the phosphodiester bond between picarnaviral RNA and viral protein VPg. According to various chromatographic data, the enzyme forms two types of complex with nucleic acids: weak ones which dissociate in 200 mM KCl, and others which are stable at concentrations up to 900 mM KCl. 2.5-3-fold (preparative) or 6-fold (normal scale) purification of the enzyme was obtained by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Cation-exchange separation (4-fold purification) was found to be more suitable as the second enzyme purification step than the earlier anionexchange method used. Three forms of enzyme activity were discovered by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on the enzyme preparation obtained by SEC. Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996     

The ammonia freeze explosion (AFEX) process

A partially purified phophotriesterase was successfully immobilized onto nylon 6 and 66 membranes, nylon 11 powder, and nylon tubing. Up to 9000 U of enzyme activity was immobilized onto 2000 cm2 of a nylon 6 membrane where 1 U is the amount of enzyme necessary to catalyze the hydrolysis of 1.0 mumol of paraoxon/min at 25 degrees C. The nylon 66 membrane-bound phosphotriesterase was characterized kinetically where the apparent Km value for the immobilized enzyme was 0.35 mM. This is 5-6 times higher than that observed for the soluble enzyme. However, nylon immobilization limited the maximum rate of paraoxon hydrolysis to less than 10% of the value measured for the soluble enzyme. The addition of the cosolvent, methanol, resulted in an increase in the apparent Km value for paraoxon hydrolysis but concentrations up to 40% had no negative effect on the catalytic effectiveness with the soluble or immobilized phosphotriesterase. Based on the kinetic analysis, methanol appears to be a competitive inhibitor for both forms of enzyme. The nylon powder immobilized enzyme was shown to be stable for at least 20 mo. The immobilization of the phosphotriesterase onto nylon provides a practical method for the detoxification of organophosphate pesticides.     

Immobilization of the enzyme beta-lactamase on biotin-derivatized poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol)-coated sensor chips: a study on oriented attachment and surface activity by enzyme kinetics and in situ optical sensing

Understanding the conformation, orientation, and specific activity of proteins bound to surfaces is crucial for the development and optimization of highly specific and sensitive biosensors. In this study, the very efficient enzyme beta-lactamase is used as a model protein. The wild-type form was genetically engineered by site-directed mutagenesis to introduce single cysteine residues on the surface of the enzyme. The cysteine thiol group is subsequently biotinylated with a dithiothreitol (DTT)-cleavable biotinylation reagent. beta-Lactamase is then immobilized site-specifically via the biotin group on neutral avidin-covered surfaces with the aim to control the orientation of the enzyme molecule at the surface and study its effect on enzymatic activity using Nitrocefin as the substrate. The DTT-cleavable spacer allows the release of the specifically bound enzyme from the surface. Immobilization of the enzyme is performed on a monolayer of the polycationic, biotinylated polymer PLL-g-PEG/PEG-biotin assembled on niobium oxide (Nb2O5) surfaces via neutral avidin as the docking site. Two different assembly protocols, the sequential adsorption of avidin and biotinylated beta-lactamase and the immobilization of preformed complexes of beta-lactamase and avidin, are compared in terms of immobilization efficiency. In situ optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy and colorimetric analysis of enzymatic activity were used to distinguish between specific and unspecific enzyme adsorption, to sense quantitatively the amount of immobilized enzyme, and to determine Michaelis-Menten kinetics. All tested enzyme variants turned out to be active upon immobilization at the polymeric surface. However, the efficiency of immobilized enzymes relative to the soluble enzymes was reduced about sevenfold, mainly because of impaired substrate (Nitrocefin) diffusion or restricted accessibility of the active site. No significant effect of different enzyme orientations could be detected, probably because the enzymes were attached to the surface through long, flexible PEG chain linkers.     

Xanthine and hypoxanthine sensors based on xanthine oxidase immobilized in poly(mercapto-p-benzoquinone) film

The construction and performance of an enzyme electrode as an amperometric sensor of xanthine and hypoxanthine is described. Xanthine oxidase has been immobilized in a conductive redox polymer, poly(mercapto-p-benzoquinone), by means of an electropolymerization of mercaptohydroquinone in the presence of the enzyme. An Au-electroplated glassy carbon electrode coated with the resulting polymer film functioned well as a direct response type of sensor, where the polymer chain served as a conductive molecular chain between the active sites in the enzyme and the substrate electrode. Response characteristics as well as kinetic parameters have been evaluated.     

Bicarbonate as a proton donor in catalysis by Zn(II)- and Co(II)-containing carbonic anhydrases.

Catalysis of (18)O exchange between CO(2) and water catalyzed by a Co(II)-substituted mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II is analyzed to show the rate of release of H(2)(18)O from the active site. This rate, measured by mass spectrometry, is dependent on proton transfer to the metal-bound (18)O-labeled hydroxide, and was observed in a site-specific mutant of carbonic anhydrase II in which a prominent proton shuttle residue His64 was replaced by alanine, which does not support proton transport. Upon increasing the concentration of bicarbonate, the rate of release of H(2)(18)O increased in a saturable manner to a maximum of 4 x 10(5) s(-)(1), consistent with proton transfer from bicarbonate to the Co(II)-bound hydroxide. The same mutant of carbonic anhydrase containing Zn(II) had the rate of release of H(2)(18)O smaller by 10-fold, but rate of interconversion of CO(2) and HCO(3)(-) about the same as the Co(II)-containing enzyme. These data as well as solvent hydrogen isotope effects suggest that the bicarbonate transferring the proton is bound to the cobalt in the enzyme. The enhancement of (18)O exchange caused by increasing bicarbonate concentration during catalysis by the Zn(II)-containing carbonic anhydrase from the archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila suggests that a very similar mechanism for proton donation by bicarbonate occurs with this wild-type enzyme.     

Activity and Conformation of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase (YADH) Entrapped in Reverse Micelles

Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) solubilized in reverse micelles of aerosol OT (i.e., AOT or sodium bis (2-ethyl hexyl) sulfosuccinate) in isooctane has been shown to be catalytically more active than that in aqueous buffer under optimum conditions of pH, temperature, and water content in reverse micelles. Studies of the secondary structure conformational changes of the enzyme in reverse micelles have been made from circular dichroism spectroscopy. It has been seen that the conformation of YADH in reverse micelles is extremely sensitive to pH, temperature, and water content. A comparison has been made between the catalytic activity of the enzyme and the α-helix content in the conformation and it has been observed that the enzyme is most active at the maximum α-helix content. While the β-sheet content in the conformation of the entrapped enzyme was found to be dependent on the enzyme–micelle interface interaction, the α-helix and random coil conformations are governed by the degree of entrapment and the extent of rigidity provided by the micelle core to the enzyme structure.