A Birkhoff-Noether method of solving differential equations

In this paper, a Birkhoff--Noether method of solving ordinary differential equations is presented. The differential equations can be expressed in terms of Birkhoff's equations. The first integrals for differential equations can be found by using the Noether theory for Birkhoffian systems. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the method.     

求解微分方程的Hojman方法

首先，将Hojman用于求解二阶微分方程组守恒量的方法推广并应用于一阶微分方程组，特别是奇数维微分方程组的积分问题.然后，证明 Hojman定理是本文定理的特殊情形.最后，举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 微分方程 Hojman定理 守恒量 积分     

Methods of analytical mechanics for solving differential equations of first order

A differential equation of first order can be expressed by the equation of motion of a mechanical system. In this paper, three methods of analytical mechanics, i.e. the Hamilton--Noether method, the Lagrange--Noether method and the Poisson method, are given to solve a differential equation of first order, of which the way may be called the mechanical methodology in mathematics.     

First integrals and stability of second-order differential equations

The stability of second-order differential equations is studied by using their integrals. A system of second-order differential equations can be considered as a mechanical system with holonomic constraints. A conserved quantity of the mechanical system or a part of the system is obtained by using the Noether theory. It is possible that the conserved quantity becomes a Liapunov function and the stability of the system is proved by the Liapunov theorem.     

Hamilton--Jacobi method for solving ordinary differential equations

The Hamilton--Jacobi method for solving ordinary differential equations is presented in this paper. A system of ordinary differential equations of first order or second order can be expressed as a Hamilton system under certain conditions. Then the Hamilton--Jacobi method is used in the integration of the Hamilton system and the solution of the original ordinary differential equations can be found. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.     

Conformal invariance and integration of first-order differential equations

This paper studies a conformal invariance and an integration of first-order differential equations. It obtains the corresponding infinitesimal generators of conformal invariance by using the symmetry of the differential equations, and expresses the differential equations by the equations of a Birkhoff system or a generalized Birkhoff system. If the infinitesimal generators are those of a Noether symmetry, the conserved quantity can be obtained by using the Noether theory of the Birkhoff system or the generalized Birkhoff system.     

Whittaker方程的场方法

用场方法来求解Whittaker方程.将一个场变量取作为其余场变量和时间的函数并对这个函数建立基本偏微方程.如能求得它的完全积分，那么Whittaker方程的解可由解代数方程来得到. 关键词： 场变量 基本偏微分方程 场方法 积分     

蒙特卡罗方法在解微分方程边值问题中的应用

介绍了蒙特卡罗方法的基本原理以及随机数的产生方法。基于蒙特卡罗方法的思想,结合有限差分方法,建立了求解微分方程边值问题的随机概率模型,并以第一类边界条件的拉普拉斯方程和一个给定初值及边界条件的非稳态热传导方程为数值算例,研究了蒙特卡罗方法在求解微分方程边值问题中的应用。结果表明:利用蒙特卡罗方法,不仅可以有效解决给定边界条件的微分方程,对于给定初值条件的微分方程,也可以从时域有限差分方程出发,采用蒙特卡罗方法进行求解。数值模拟和对误差的理论分析均表明,增加蒙特卡罗试验中的模拟粒子点数,可以提高计算结果的精度。     

Variational iteration method for solving biharmonic equations

By means of the variational iteration method the numerical solution of biharmonic equations are obtained. Biharmonic equation has significant applications in physics and engineering. There is a difficulty to solve the biharmonic equation due to the existence of fourth order derivatives. For this reason, we use the variational iteration method to solve this equation. Test problems, are used to validate this algorithm which is found to be more accurate and efficient than previous ones.     

A Hopf-like equation and perturbation theory for differential delay equations

We extend techniques developed for the study of turbulent fluid flows to the statistical study of the dynamics of differential delay equations. Because the phase spaces of differential delay equations are infinite dimensional, phase-space densities for these systems are functionals. We derive a Hopf-like functional differential equation governing the evolution of these densities. The functional differential equation is reduced to an infinite chain of linear partial differential equations using perturbation theory. A necessary condition for a measure to be invariant under the action of a nonlinear differential delay equation is given. Finally, we show that the evolution equation for the density functional is the Fourier transform of the infinite-dimensional version of the Kramers-Moyal expansion.     

Limit cycles for a class of second order differential equations

We study the limit cycles of a wide class of second order differential equations, which can be seen as a particular perturbation of the harmonic oscillator. In particular, by choosing adequately the perturbed function we show, using the averaging theory, that it is possible to obtain as many limit cycles as we want.     

三质点Toda晶格微分方程的积分

三质点Toda晶格的微分方程是一个Hamilton系统.研究用Noether理论和Poisson理论求其积分. 关键词： Toda晶格 Hamilton系统 Noether理论 Poisson理论     

Fan sub-equation method for Wick-type stochastic partial differential equations

An improved algorithm is devised for using Fan sub-equation method to solve Wick-type stochastic partial differential equations. Applying the improved algorithm to the Wick-type generalized stochastic KdV equation, we obtain more general Jacobi and Weierstrass elliptic function solutions, hyperbolic and trigonometric function solutions, exponential function solutions and rational solutions.     

Variational iteration method for solving compressible Euler equations

This paper applies the variational iteration method to obtain approximate analytic solutions of compressible Euler equations in gas dynamics.This method is based on the use of Lagrange multiplier for identification of optimal values of parameters in a functional.Using this method,a rapid convergent sequence is produced which converges to the exact solutions of the problem.Numerical results and comparison with other two numerical solutions verify that this method is very convenient and efficient.     

Variational iteration method for solving integro-differential equations

In this Letter, the variational iteration method is applied to solve integro-differential equations. Some examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method, the results show that the method provides a straightforward and powerful mathematical tool for solving various integro-differential equations.     

Generalized differential transform method for solving a space- and time-fractional diffusion-wave equation

In this Letter we propose a new generalization of the two-dimensional differential transform method that will extend the application of the method to a diffusion-wave equation with space- and time-fractional derivatives. The new generalization is based on generalized Taylor's formula and Caputo fractional derivative. Theorems that are never existed before are introduced with their proofs. Several illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results. The results reveal that the technique introduced here is very effective and convenient for solving partial differential equations of fractional order.     

微分方程的部分Hamilton化与积分

将微分方程部分地表示为Hamilton系统的方程并写成逆变代数形式.用动力学代数建立方程的Poisson积分理论，并举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 微分方程 部分Hamilton化 逆变代数形式 Poisson积分理论     

Analytical solutions to time-fractional partial differential equations in a two-dimensional multilayer annulus

In this paper, analytical solutions to time-fractional partial differential equations in a multi-layer annulus are presented. The final solutions are obtained in terms of Mittag-Leffler function by using the finite integral transform technique and Laplace transform technique. In addition, the classical diffusion equation (α=1$\alpha =1$), the Helmholtz equation (α→0$\alpha \to 0$) and the wave equation (α=2$\alpha =2$) are discussed as special cases. Finally, an illustrative example problem for the three-layer semi-circular annular region is solved and numerical results are presented graphically for various kind of order of fractional derivative.     

非线性离散微分方程的双曲函数法求解

本文推广了双曲函数方法用于求解非线性离散系统。求解离散的(2+1)维Toda系统和离散的mKdV系统，成功地得到了离散钟型孤立子、离散冲击波型孤立子及一些新的精确行波解。     

求解贝塞尔类方程的试探函数法

借助数学软件,给出了求贝塞尔类方程线性独立解的一种直接方法——试探函数法.