第三代同步辐射光源储存环支撑组件振动控制研究

第三代同步辐射光源对束流轨道稳定性要求很高, 上海光源是一台在建的第三代光源, 束流位置稳定度要求达到微米乃至亚微米级. 地基振动会使储存环磁聚焦结构中的各种元件发生机械振动引起随时间变化的束流闭合轨道畸变, 影响束流轨道稳定性. 上海光源场地振动幅值大, 需要研究措施控制机械组件的振动. 阻尼减振是一种有效的振动控制方法, 针对上海光源储存环机械组件, 作者设计了一种阻尼减振方案. 试验结果表明, 该方案能有效地控制机械组件的振动. 这对于保证上海光源的束流稳定性要求有积极意义.     

上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的设计

开展了上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的结构和脉冲电源的技术设计,并进行了磁场分布和励磁电流波形的模拟计算。还给出了陶瓷真空盒镀膜的设计参数,提出了计算陶瓷真空盒镀膜接受同步光功率的公式,研究了防止镀膜和波纹管受到同步光照射的机械布局设计。     

上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的设计

 开展了上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的结构和脉冲电源的技术设计,并进行了磁场分布和励磁电流波形的模拟计算。还给出了陶瓷真空盒镀膜的设计参数,提出了计算陶瓷真空盒镀膜接受同步光功率的公式,研究了防止镀膜和波纹管受到同步光照射的机械布局设计。     

Characteristics of a tapered undulator for the X‐ray absorption fine‐structure technique at PLS‐II

An in‐vacuum undulator (IVU) with a tapered configuration was installed in the 8C nanoprobe/XAFS beamlime (BL8C) of the Pohang Light Source in Korea for hard X‐ray nanoprobe and X‐ray absorption fine‐structure (XAFS) experiments. It has been operated in planar mode for the nanoprobe experiments, while gap‐scan and tapered modes have been used alternatively for XAFS experiments. To examine the features of the BL8C IVU for XAFS experiments, spectral distributions were obtained theoretically and experimentally as functions of the gap and gap taper. Beam profiles at a cross section of the X‐ray beam were acquired using a slit to visualize the intensity distributions which depend on the gap, degree of tapering and harmonic energies. To demonstrate the effect of tapering around the lower limit of the third‐harmonic energy, V K‐edge XAFS spectra were obtained in each mode. Owing to the large X‐ray intensity variation around this energy, XAFS spectra of the planar and gap‐scan modes show considerable spectral distortions in comparison with the tapered mode. This indicates that the tapered mode, owing to the smooth X‐ray intensity profile at the expense of the highest and most stable intensity, can be an alternative for XAFS experiments where the gap‐scan mode gives a considerable intensity variation; it is also suitable for quick‐XAFS scanning.     

In situ removal of carbon contamination from optics in a vacuum ultraviolet and soft X‐ray undulator beamline using oxygen activated by zeroth‐order synchrotron radiation

Carbon contamination of optics is a serious issue in all soft X‐ray beamlines because it decreases the quality of experimental data, such as near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure, resonant photoemission and resonant soft X‐ray emission spectra in the carbon K‐edge region. Here an in situ method involving the use of oxygen activated by zeroth‐order synchrotron radiation was used to clean the optics in a vacuum ultraviolet and soft X‐ray undulator beamline, BL‐13A at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan. The carbon contamination of the optics was removed by exposing them to oxygen at a pressure of 10^?1–10^?4 Pa for 17–20 h and simultaneously irradiating them with zeroth‐order synchrotron radiation. After the cleaning, the decrease in the photon intensity in the carbon K‐edge region reduced to 2–5%. The base pressure of the beamline recovered to 10^?7–10^?8 Pa in one day without baking. The beamline can be used without additional commissioning.     

Measurement of angular distribution of soft X‐ray radiation from thin targets in the tabletop storage ring MIRRORCLE‐20SX

The only available tabletop electron storage rings are the machines from the MIRRORCLE series. The electrons are accelerated in a microtron and injected into the storage ring. During its circulation, each electron passes through a tiny target many times, emitting a photon beam. Both the spectrum and the angular distribution of the radiation depend on the material, the thickness and the shape of the target. In this paper measured angular distributions of the radiation from several different targets in the magnetic field of the 20 MeV storage ring MIRRORCLE‐20SX are presented. The detector comprises a 3 mm × 3 mm × 8.5 µm plastic scintillator (PS) coupled to a photomultiplier by a bundle of optical fibers. The output of the photomultiplier is digitized by an IF converter. This detector is sensitive mostly to soft X‐ray radiation, and its PS is moved by a mechanical system in a plane perpendicular to the radiation axis. The measured angular distributions for Mo and Sn targets contain an annulus which is attributed to transition radiation. The angular distributions for Al, carbon nanotube and diamond‐like carbon (DLC) targets show some suppression of the radiation along the magnetic field. This is the first evidence of observation of the angular distribution of synchrotron Cherenkov radiation, which represents Cherenkov radiation in a magnetic field. The power radiated from the DLC target is estimated.     

Upgrade of beamline BL08B at Taiwan Light Source from a photon‐BPM to a double‐grating SGM beamline

During the last 20 years, beamline BL08B has been upgraded step by step from a photon beam‐position monitor (BPM) to a testing beamline and a single‐grating beamline that enables experiments to record X‐ray photo‐emission spectra (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS) for research in solar physics, organic semiconductor materials and spinel oxides, with soft X‐ray photon energies in the range 300–1000 eV. Demands for photon energy to extend to the extreme ultraviolet region for applications in nano‐fabrication and topological thin films are increasing. The basic spherical‐grating monochromator beamline was again upgraded by adding a second grating that delivers photons of energy from 80 to 420 eV. Four end‐stations were designed for experiments with XPS, XAS, interstellar photoprocess systems (IPS) and extreme‐ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) in the scheduled beam time. The data from these experiments show a large count rate in core levels probed and excellent statistics on background normalization in the L‐edge adsorption spectrum.     

The emerging role of 4D synchrotron X‐ray micro‐tomography for climate and fossil energy studies: five experiments showing the present capabilities at beamline 8.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source

Continuous improvements at X‐ray imaging beamlines at synchrotron light sources have made dynamic synchrotron X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (SXR‐µCT) experiments more routinely available to users, with a rapid increase in demand given its tremendous potential in very diverse areas. In this work a survey of five different four‐dimensional SXR‐µCT experiments is presented, examining five different parameters linked to the evolution of the investigated system, and tackling problems in different areas in earth sciences. SXR‐µCT is used to monitor the microstructural evolution of the investigated sample with the following variables: (i) high temperature, observing in situ oil shale pyrolysis; (ii) low temperature, replicating the generation of permafrost; (iii) high pressure, to study the invasion of supercritical CO₂ in deep aquifers; (iv) uniaxial stress, to monitor the closure of a fracture filled with proppant, in shale; (v) reactive flow, to observe the evolution of the hydraulic properties in a porous rock subject to dissolution. For each of these examples, it is shown how dynamic SXR‐µCT was able to provide new answers to questions related to climate and energy studies, highlighting the significant opportunities opened recently by the technique.