The Monotone Catenary Degree of Krull Monoids

Let H be a Krull monoid with finite class group G such that every class contains a prime divisor. The monotone catenary degree c _mon (H) of H is the smallest integer m with the following property: for each ${a \in H}$ and each two factorizations z, z′ of a with length |z| ≤  |z′|, there exist factorizations z = z ₀, ... ,z _k  = z′ of a with increasing lengths—that is, |z ₀| ≤  ... ≤  |z _k |—such that, for each ${i \in [1,k]}$ , z _i arises from z _i-1 by replacing at most m atoms from z _i-1 by at most m new atoms. Up to now there was only an abstract finiteness result for c _mon (H), but the present paper offers the first explicit upper and lower bounds for c _mon (H) in terms of the group invariants of G.     

The Catenary and Tame Degree in Finitely Generated Commutative Cancellative Monoids

Problems involving chains of irreducible factorizations in atomic integral domains and monoids have been the focus of much recent literature. If S is a commutative cancellative atomic monoid, then the catenary degree of S (denoted c(S)) and the tame degree of S (denoted t(S)) are combinatorial invariants of S which describe the behavior of chains of factorizations. In this note, we describe methods to compute both c(S) and t(S) when M is a finitely generated commutative cancellative monoid.     

The Structure of Normal Algebraic Monoids

We show that any normal algebraic monoid is an extension of an abelian variety by a normal affine algebraic monoid. This extends (and builds on) Chevalley's structure theorem for algebraic groups.     

The Cross Section Lattices and Renner Monoids of the Odd Special Orthogonal Algebraic Monoids

Abstract. Let MSO _n (n is odd) be the special orthogonal algebraic monoid and M _n the monoid of all n × n matrices over an algebraically closed field. We will explicitly determine the cross section lattices Λ and the Renner monoids R of MSO _n by using admissible subsets (see Definition 3.1) and the Weyl group. It turns out that Λ is a sublattice of the cross section lattice of M_n and that R is a submonoid of the Renner monoid M _n . Also, we obtain some interesting properties of the submonoid (MSO _n ) _e ={y∈ MSO _n | ye = ey =e} of MSO _n where e is an idempotent in MSO _n .     

Skew Monoidal Monoids

Skew monoidal categories are monoidal categories with non-invertible “coherence” morphisms. As shown in a previous article, bialgebroids over a ring R can be characterized as the closed skew monoidal structures on the category Mod-R in which the unit object is R_R. This offers a new approach to bialgebroids and Hopf algebroids. Little is known about skew monoidal structures on general categories. In the present article, we study the one-object case: skew monoidal monoids (SMMs). We show that they possess a dual pair of bialgebroids describing the symmetries of the (co)module categories of the SMM. These bialgebroids are submonoids of their own base and are rank 1 free over the base on the source side. We give various equivalent definitions of SMM, study the structure of their (co)module categories, and discuss the possible closed and Hopf structures on a SMM.     

Monoids and decay

We propose some formalization of the concept of critical decay number and describe the class of models with this number at most 4 (i.e., every object is decomposable which consists of four or more elements).     

Ideal Divisibility Monoids

Inspired by the monograph of Larsen/McCarthy, [26], in [10] and [11] the author started a series of articles concerning abstract multiplicative ideal theory along the problem lines of [26]. In this paper we turn to multiplicative lattices having the left Priifer property, that is to m-lattices satisfying the implication a¹ + … + a_n ? B ? a₁ +… + a_n ¦? B or even the multiplication property A ? B ? A ¦B, respectively. Clearly, studying such structures includes studying substructures of d-semigroups.     

Multiplier Hopf Monoids

The notion of multiplier Hopf monoid in any braided monoidal category is introduced as a multiplier bimonoid whose constituent fusion morphisms are isomorphisms. In the category of vector spaces over the complex numbers, Van Daele’s definition of multiplier Hopf algebra is re-obtained. It is shown that the key features of multiplier Hopf algebras (over fields) remain valid in this more general context. Namely, for a multiplier Hopf monoid A, the existence of a unique antipode is proved — in an appropriate, multiplier-valued sense — which is shown to be a morphism of multiplier bimonoids from a twisted version of A to A. For a regular multiplier Hopf monoid (whose twisted versions are multiplier Hopf monoids as well) the antipode is proved to factorize through a proper automorphism of the object A. Under mild further assumptions, duals in the base category are shown to lift to the monoidal categories of modules and of comodules over a regular multiplier Hopf monoid. Finally, the so-called Fundamental Theorem of Hopf modules is proved — which states an equivalence between the base category and the category of Hopf modules over a multiplier Hopf monoid.     

The Natural Embedding of Positive Singular Artin Monoids

We explore some combinatorial properties of singular Artin monoids and invoke them to prove that a positive singular Artin monoid of arbitrary Coxeter type necessarily injects into the corresponding singular Artin monoid. This is an extension of L. Pari' result that positive Artin monoids embed in the correpsonding Artin groups: Adjoining inverses of the generators does not produce any new identities between words that do not involve those inverses.     

Partial Actions of Monoids

We investigate partial monoid actions, in the sense of Megrelishvili and Schroder [12]. These are equivalent to a class of premorphisms, which we call strong premorphisms. We describe two distinct methods for constructing a monoid action from a partial monoid action: the expansion method provides a generalisation of a result of Kellendonk and Lawson [10] in the group case, whilst the approach via globalisation extends results of both [12] and [10].     

Duality for Convex Monoids

Every C*-algebra gives rise to an effect module and a convex space of states, which are connected via Kadison duality. We explore this duality in several examples, where the C*-algebra is equipped with the structure of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra. When the Hopf algebra is the function algebra or group algebra of a finite group, the resulting state spaces form convex monoids. We will prove that both these convex monoids can be obtained from the other one by taking a coproduct of density matrices on the irreducible representations. We will also show that the same holds for a tensor product of a group and a function algebra.     

Absolutely f-Equationally Compact Monoids

This note describes monoids over which all left acts are f-equationally compact (equivalently, 1-equationally compact). It is also proved that every commutative absolutely 1-pure absolutely 1-equationally compact monoid is injective.     

Totally Ordered Commutative Monoids

A totally ordered monoid—or tomonoid , for short—is a commutative semigroup with identity S equipped with a total order \les that is translation invariant, i.e. , that satisfies: \forall x, y, z∈ S, x\les y\;\Rightarrow \; x+z \les y+z. We call a tomonoid that is a quotient of some totally ordered free commutative monoid formally integral. Our most significant results concern characterizations of this condition by means of constructions in the lattice \Z ⁿ that are reminiscent of the geometric interpretation of the Buchberger algorithm that occurs in integer programming. In particular, we show that every two-generator tomonoid is formally integral. In addition, we give several (new) examples of tomonoids that are not formally integral, we present results on the structure of nil tomonoids and we show how a valuation-theoretic construction due to Hion reveals relationships between formally integral tomonoids and ordered commutative rings satisfying a condition introduced by Henriksen and Isbell. April 15, 1999     

用条件(PW)刻画的幺半群

本文引入了条件(PW),讨论了条件(PW)与条件(P)、条件(PE)之间的关系,刻画了幺半群上S-系的平坦性.     

Combinatorially Factorizable Inverse Monoids

   Communicated by