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1.
Nongnuch Rueangjitt Chalermrat Akarawitoo Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2012,32(3):583-596
The aim of this research work was to evaluate the possibility of upgrading the simulated biogas (70?% CH4 and 30?% CO2) for hydrogen-rich syngas production using a multi-stage AC gliding arc system. The results showed that increasing stage number of plasma reactors, applied voltage and electrode gap distance enhanced both CH4 and CO2 conversions, in contrast with the increases in feed flow rate and input frequency. The gaseous products were mainly H2 and CO, with small amounts of C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6. The optimum conditions for hydrogen-rich syngas production using the four-stage AC gliding arc system were a feed flow rate of 150?cm3/min, an input frequency of 300?Hz, an applied voltage of 17?kV and an electrode gap distance of 6?mm. At the minimum power consumption (3.3?×?10?18?W?s/molecule of biogas converted and 2.8?×?10?18?W?s/molecule of syngas produced), CH4 and CO2 conversions were 21.5 and 5.7?%, respectively, H2 and CO selectivities were 57.1 and 14.9?%, respectively, and H2/CO (hydrogen-rich syngas) was 6.9. The combination of the plasma reforming and partial oxidation provided remarkable improvements to the overall process performance, especially in terms of reducing both the power consumption and the carbon formation on the electrode surface but the produced syngas had a much lower H2/CO ratio, depending on the oxygen/methane feed molar ratio. The best feed molar ratio of O2-to-CH4 ratio was found to be 0.3/1, providing the CH4 conversion of 81.4?%, CO2 conversion of 49.3?%, O2 conversion of 92.4?%, H2 selectivity of 49.5?%, CO selectivity of 49.96?%, and H2/CO of 1.6. 相似文献
2.
Nongnuch Rueangjitt Thammanoon Sreethawong Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2008,28(1):49-67
In this research, the reforming of simulated natural gas containing a high CO2 content under AC non-thermal gliding arc discharge with partial oxidation was conducted at ambient temperature and atmospheric
pressure, with specific regards to the concept of the direct utilization of natural gas. This work aimed at investigating
the effects of applied voltage and input frequency, as well as the effect of adding oxygen on the reaction performance and
discharge stability in the reforming of the simulated natural gas having a CH4:C2H6:C3H8:CO2 molar ratio of 70:5:5:20. The results showed marked increases in both CH4 conversion and product yield with increasing applied voltage and decreasing input frequency. The selectivities for H2, C2H6, C2H4, C4H10, and CO were observed to be enhanced at a higher applied voltage and at a lower frequency, whereas the selectivity for C2H2 showed an opposite trend. The use of oxygen was found to provide a great enhancement of the plasma reforming of the simulated
natural gas. For the combined plasma and partial oxidation in the reforming of CO2-containing natural gas, air was found to be superior to pure oxygen in terms of reactant conversions, product selectivities,
and specific energy consumption. The optimum conditions were found to be a hydrocarbons-to-oxygen feed molar ratio of 2/1
using air as an oxygen source, an applied voltage of 17.5 kV, and a frequency of 300 Hz, in providing the highest CH4 conversion and synthesis gas selectivity, as well as extremely low specific energy consumption. The energy consumption was
as low as 2.73 × 10−18 W s (17.02 eV) per molecule of converted reactant and 2.49 × 10−18 W s (16.60 eV) per molecule of produced hydrogen. 相似文献
3.
Thammanoon Sreethawong Thanapoom Suwannabart Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2008,28(5):629-642
Ethylene oxide (EO), a valuable chemical feedstock in producing many industrial chemicals, which is industrially produced
by the partial oxidation of ethylene, so-called ethylene epoxidation, has been of great interest in many global research studies.
In this work, the epoxidation of ethylene under a low-temperature dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was feasibly investigated
to find the best operating conditions. It was experimentally found that the EO yield decreased with increasing O2/C2H4 feed molar ratio, feed flow rate, input frequency, and electrode gap distance, while it increased with increasing applied
voltage up to 19 kV. The highest EO yield of 5.6% was obtained when an input frequency of 500 Hz and an applied voltage of
19 kV were used, with an O2/C2H4 feed molar ratio of 1:1, a feed flow rate of 50 cm3/min, and an electrode gap distance of 10 mm. Under these best conditions, the power consumption was found to be as low as
6.07 × 10−16 Ws/molecule of EO produced. 相似文献
4.
Thammanoon Sreethawong Natthaworanan Permsin Thitiporn Suttikul Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2010,30(4):503-524
In this work, the epoxidation of ethylene under a cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor and a parallel DBD
reactor was comparatively studied. The effects of important operating parameters—feed O2/C2H4 molar ratio, applied voltage, input frequency, and residence time—were investigated on the reaction performance in terms
of reactant conversions, product selectivities, product yields, and power consumptions per molecule of ethylene converted
and per molecule of ethylene oxide produced. The optimum conditions obtained from the operating parameter investigation were
used for a comparative performance evaluation of both DBD reactor systems. It was found that under the optimum conditions
of each system, the cylindrical DBD system exhibited superior epoxidation performance for ethylene oxide production compared
to the parallel DBD system, indicating that the electrode geometry (electrode edge length-to-electrode surface area ratio)
plays a significant role in the ethylene epoxidation. 相似文献
5.
Nongnuch Rueangjitt Chalermrat Akarawitoo Thammanoon Sreethawong Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2007,27(5):559-576
The objective of the present work was to study the reforming of simulated natural gas via the nonthermal plasma process with
the focus on the production of hydrogen and higher hydrocarbons. The reforming of simulated natural gas was conducted in an
alternating current (AC) gliding arc reactor under ambient conditions. The feed composition of the simulated natural gas contained
a CH4:C2H6:C3H8:CO2 molar ratio of 70:5:5:20. To investigate the effects of all gaseous hydrocarbons and CO2 present in the natural gas, the plasma reactor was operated with different feed compositions: pure CH4, CH4/He, CH4/C2H6/He, CH4/C2H6/C3H8/He and CH4/C2H6/C3H8/CO2. The results showed that the addition of gas components to the feed strongly influenced the reaction performance and the
plasma stability. In comparisons among all the studied feed systems, both hydrogen and C2 hydrocarbon yields were found to depend on the feed gas composition in the following order: CH4/C2H6/C3H8/CO2 > CH4/C2H6/C3H8/He > CH4/C2H6/He > CH4/He > CH4. The maximum yields of hydrogen and C2 products of approximately 35% and 42%, respectively, were achieved in the CH4/C2H6/C3H8/CO2 feed system. In terms of energy consumption for producing hydrogen, the feed system of the CH4/C2H6/C3H8/CO2 mixture required the lowest input energy, in the range of 3.58 × 10−18–4.14 × 10−18 W s (22.35–25.82 eV) per molecule of produced hydrogen. 相似文献
6.
Nongnuch Rueangjitt Wariya Jittiang Krittiya Pornmai Jintana Chamnanmanoontham Thammanoon Sreethawong Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2009,29(6):433-453
The effect of stage number of multistage AC gliding arc discharge reactors on the process performance of the combined reforming
and partial oxidation of simulated CO2-containing natural gas having a CH4:C2H6:C3H8:CO2 molar ratio of 70:5:5:20 was investigated. For the experiments with partial oxidation, either pure oxygen or air was used
as the oxygen source with a fixed hydrocarbon-to-oxygen molar ratio of 2/1. Without partial oxidation at a constant feed flow
rate, all conversions of hydrocarbons, except CO2, greatly increased with increasing number of stages from 1 to 3; but beyond 3 stages, the reactant conversions remained almost
unchanged. However, for a constant residence time, only C3H8 conversion gradually increased, whereas the conversions of the other reactants remained almost unchanged. The addition of
oxygen was found to significantly enhance the process performance of natural gas reforming. The utilization of air as an oxygen
source showed a superior process performance to pure oxygen in terms of reactant conversion and desired product selectivity.
The optimum energy consumption of 12.05 × 1024 eV per mole of reactants converted and 9.65 × 1024 eV per mole of hydrogen produced was obtained using air as an oxygen source and 3 stages of plasma reactors at a constant
residence time of 4.38 s. 相似文献
7.
Li Chun-lin Fu Yi-lu Bian Guo-zhu Xie Ya-ning Hu Tian-dou Zhang Jing 《Kinetics and Catalysis》2004,45(5):679-683
CO2 reforming of CH4 was carried out with and without steam over a Ni/CeO2–ZrO2–Al2O3 catalyst. The catalytic performance, amount of carbon deposit and the EXAFS of the Ni K-edge of samples were measured. The results show that when the catalyst is used for CO2 reforming of CH4 without the addition of steam, the catalyst gradually deactivates, however, addition of a small amount of steam to the feed gas can significantly inhibits the deactivation, which is due to the great suppression of coke formation on the catalyst during the reaction. The EXAFS result shows that, maybe due to the penetration of more carbon atoms into the Ni lattice, the coordination number of the nearest Ni–Ni of the sample after the reaction without steam reduces more than that of samples after the reaction with a small amount of steam in the feed gas. 相似文献
8.
Thitiporn Suttikul Thammanoon Sreethawong Hidetoshi Sekiguchi Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2011,31(2):273-290
In this work, ethylene epoxidation reaction for ethylene oxide production over silver catalysts loaded on two different supports
(silica and alumina particles) in a low-temperature AC dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was investigated. The DBD
plasma system was operated under the following base conditions: an O2/C2H4 feed molar ratio of 1/4, a total feed flow rate of 50 cm3/min, an electrode gap distance of 0.7 cm, an input frequency of 500 Hz, and an applied voltage of 19 kV. From the results,
the presence of silver catalysts improved the ethylene oxide production performance. The silica support interestingly provided
a higher ethylene oxide selectivity than the alumina support. The optimum Ag loading on the silica support was found to be
20 wt%, exhibiting the highest ethylene oxide selectivity of 30.6%. 相似文献
9.
Surakerk Onsuratoom Ratana Rujiravanit Thammanoon Sreethawong Seiichi Tokura Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2010,30(1):191-206
In this work, the hydrophilic improvement of a woven PET surface was accomplished by a plasma technique. The woven PET surface
was plasma-treated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) under various operating conditions (electrode gap distance, plasma
treatment time, input voltage, and input frequency) and various gaseous environments (air, O2, N2, and Ar) in order to improve its hydrophilicity. It was experimentally found that a decrease in electrode gap distance and
an increase in input voltage increased the electric field strength, leading to higher hydrophilicity of the PET surface characterized
by wickability and contact angle measurements. In comparisons among the studied environmental gases, air gave the highest
hydrophilicity, being comparable to O2, while Ar and N2 gave lower hydrophilicity of the woven PET surface. The optimum conditions for a maximum hydrophilicity of the PET surface
were an electrode gap distance of 4 mm, a plasma treatment time of 10 s, an output voltage of 15 kV, and a frequency of 350 Hz
under air environment. After the plasma treatment under the obtained optimum conditions, the woven PET was loaded with Ag
particles using a AgNO3 aqueous solution in order to obtain the antimicrobial property. The plasma-treated woven PET loaded with Ag particles exhibited
good antimicrobial activity against both E. coli (gram-negative bacteria) and S. aureus (gram-positive bacteria). 相似文献
10.
Dry Reforming of Methane with Carbon Dioxide Using Pulsed DC Arc Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dry reforming of CH4 with CO2 to produce syngas was investigated in a plasma reactor without catalysts at atmospheric pressure. The reactants passed through
the plasma zone and reacted in milliseconds with high conversions and selectivity due to the localized high temperature. The
results showed that both conversions and selectivity were higher when using a DC arc discharge than using a pulsed DC arc.
Increasing the input energy density promoted the conversions of reactants. At an input power of 204 W, the conversions of
CO2 and CH4 reached 99.3 and 99.6%, respectively, and the selectivity to products was almost 100%, where the molar ratio of CO2/CH4 was 1 with the reactants flow rate of 100 ml/min. Very little coke was formed during the course of reaction. Key parameters
such as the pulse frequency, the input power and the total feed flow rate were studied to find the optimum operating condition. 相似文献
11.
Naser Seyed-Matin Amir Hossein Jalili Masih Hosseini Jenab Seyed Majid Zekordi Ali Afzali Chapar Rasouli Akbar Zamaniyan 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2010,30(3):333-347
The carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas under DC-pulsed plasma was investigated. The effects of specific
input energy and feed ratio on the product distribution and also feed conversion was studied. At the input energy of about
11 eV/molecule per methane and/or carbon dioxide the feed conversion of 38% for CH4 and 28% for CO2 and product selectivity of 74% has been attained for H2 and CO at feed flow rate of 90 ml/min. The energy consumption in this work displays potential to further study and optimization
of the process. The importance of the electron impact reactions in the process was discussed. The results show that by prudent
tuning of system variables, the process be able to run in the way of synthesis gas, instead of hydrocarbon production. 相似文献
12.
Thitiporn Suttikul Chakrit Tongurai Hidetoshi Sekiguchi Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2012,32(6):1169-1188
The effects of separate C2H4/O2 feed and C2H4 feed position on the ethylene epoxidation reaction in an AC cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge reactor were investigated. The highest EO selectivity of 34?% and EO yield of 7.5?%, as well as the lowest power consumption of 1.72?×?10?16 Ws/molecule of EO produced, were obtained at a C2H4 feed position of 0.25, an O2/C2H4 feed molar ratio of 1/4, an applied voltage of 13?kV, an input frequency of 550?Hz, and a total feed flow rate of 75?cm3/min. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that the separate feed of C2H4 and O2 could provide better ethylene epoxidation performance in terms of higher EO selectivity and yield, and lower power consumption, as compared to the mixed feed. All undesired reactions including C2H4 cracking, dehydrogenation, oxidation, and coupling reactions are lowered by the ethylene separate feed because of a decrease in opportunity of ethylene molecules to be activated by generated electrons. 相似文献
13.
Mohammad Mahdi Moshrefi Fariborz Rashidi Hamid Reza Bozorgzadeh Mohammad Ehtemam Haghighi 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2013,33(2):453-466
A novel type of plasma reactor having a rotating electrode is proposed for CO2 reforming of methane without catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Results indicated that employing rotating ground electrode leads to a stable discharge for any period of time. Effects of feed composition, feed flow rate, applied power and electrodes separation on the carbon dioxide and methane conversions as well as the products selectivity were investigated. Increasing CO2/CH4 molar ratio in the feed favors the reagents conversion and consequently promotes the formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. If the target product is hydrogen, it is proposed to operate the reactor at CO2/CH4 = 1 molar ratio and if the target product is carbon monoxide then CO2/CH4 = 3 molar ratio is the preferred option for feed composition. This reactor system has advantages of stable operation and high conversion ability. Also, the obtained syngas with flexible molar ratio of H2 to CO is suitable for vast industrial applications. 相似文献
14.
Chun Zhang Xianfeng Chang Xueliang Dong Wanqin Jin Nanping Xu 《Journal of membrane science》2008,320(1-2):401-406
The oxidative stream reforming of methane (OSRM) to syngas, involving coupling of exothermic partial oxidation of methane (POM) and endothermic steam reforming of methane (SRM) processes, was studied in a thin tubular Al2O3-doped SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3−δ membrane reactor packed with a Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The influences of the temperature and feed concentration on the membrane reaction performances were investigated in detail. The methane and steam conversions increased with increasing the temperature and high conversions were obtained in 850–900 °C. Different from the POM reaction, in the OSRM reaction the temperature and H2O/CH4 profoundly influenced the CO selectivity, H2/CO and heat of the reaction. The CO selectivity increased with increasing the temperature or decreasing the H2O/CH4 ratio in the feed owing to the water gas shift reaction (H2O + CO → CO2 + H2). And the H2 selectivity based on methane conversion was always 100% because the net steam conversion was greater than zero. The H2/CO in product could be tuned from 1.9 to 2.8 by adjusting the reaction temperature or H2O/CH4. Depending on the temperature or H2O/CH4, furthermore, the OSRM process could be performed auto-thermally with idealized reaction condition. 相似文献
15.
Selective production of hydrogen by oxidative steam reforming of methanol (OSRM) was studied over Cu/SiO2 catalyst using fixed bed flow reactor. Textural and structural properties of the catalyst were analyzed by various instrumental methods. TPR analysis illustrates that the reduction temperature peak was observed between 510?K and 532?K at various copper loadings and calcination temperatures and the peaks shifted to higher temperature with increasing copper loading and calcination temperature. The XRD and XPS analysis demonstrates that the copper existed in different oxidation states at different conditions: Cu2O, Cu0, CuO and Cu(OH)2 in uncalcined sample; CuO in calcined sample: Cu2O and metallic Cu after reduction at 600?K and Cu0 and CuO after catalytic test. TEM analysis reveals that at various copper loadings, the copper particle size is in the range between 3.0?nm and 3.8?nm. The Cu particle size after catalytic test increased from 3.6 to 4.8?nm, which is due to the formation of oxides of copper as evidenced from XRD and XPS analysis. The catalytic performance at various Cu loadings shows that with increasing Cu loading from 4.7 to 17.3?wt%, the activity increases and thereafter it decreases. Effect of calcination shows that the sample calcined at 673?K exhibited high activity. The O2/CH3OH and H2O/CH3OH molar ratios play important role in reaction rate and product distribution. The optimum molar ratios of O2/CH3OH and H2O/CH3OH are 0.25 and 0.1, respectively. When the reaction temperature varied from 473 to 548?K, the methanol conversion and H2 production rate are in the range of 21.9–97.5% and 1.2–300.9?mmol?kg?1?s?1, respectively. The CO selectivity is negligible at these temperatures. Under the optimum conditions (17.3?wt%, Cu/SiO2; calcination temperature 673?K; 0.25 O2/CH3OH molar ratio, 0.5 H2O/CH3OH molar ratio and reaction temperature 548?K), the maximum hydrogen yield obtained was 2.45?mol of hydrogen per mole of methanol. The time on stream stability test showed that the Cu/SiO2 catalyst is quite stable for 48?h. 相似文献
16.
Stephanie L. Brock Tomoko Shimojo Steven L. Suib Yuji Hayashi Hiroshige Matsumoto 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2002,28(1):13-24
Methane conversions of 11.9%, yields of hydrogen as high as 23.3% and energy yields of 1.0 mol H2/kWh have been achieved from CO2 reforming of CH4 in non-thermal, atmospheric pressure plasma reactors with Pt coated electrodes. Two reactors have been studied. A novel fan type reactor consisting of a movable rotor and immobile stator produced the highest yields in contrast to a tube type (silent discharge) reactor with a glass dielectric barrier. Conversions, yields of hydrogen and energy yields (expressed as mol H2/kWh) were studied for CO2/CH4 concentrations of 1.1% and 5.0% in He as a function of flow rate and input voltage. Hydrogen yields are observed to increase as the input voltage is increased from 411 V to 911 V and the flow rate is decreased from 100 cc/min to 30 cc/min. Energy yields vary only slightly with input voltage and flow rate. Hydrogen yields show little dependence on CO2/CH4 concentrations, but energy yields are approximately five times greater for the 5.0% mixture than the 1.1% mixture. Selectivities to H2, CO, coke, and low molecular weight hydrocarbons were also evaluated and compared to data obtained without CO2 in the feed. Hydrogen selectivities of nearly 100% were obtained, with small amounts of ethane and propane as the only observed side products and the selectivites were approximately the same whether CO2 was present or absent in the mixture. However, the reaction proceeds much more cleanly when CO2 is present, producing CO. The syngas product has an H2 : CO ratio of 1.5 with the fan type reactor and 0.67 with the tubular reactor. In the absence of CO2, coke is the main carbonaceous product. Under all conditions studied the fan type reactor demonstrated higher methane conversions (up to 11.9%) and selectivities to hydrogen. 相似文献
17.
K. Opoku-Gyamfi Zahra M. Tafreshi A. A. Adesina 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1998,64(2):229-238
The methane oxidation activities of Pt−NiO and Co−NiO bimetallic catalysts have been investigated as part of a larger research
program on the autothermal reforming of methane (combined methane oxidation and steam reforming) in a fluidized bed reactor.
Experiments at atmospheric pressure and 783–1023 K for both catalysts showed that the reaction was more selective towards
H2 production at CH4∶O2 ratios greater than unity. Light-off temperature increased with decreasing CH4∶O2 ratios, but increase in gas velocity (beyond minimum fluidization) increased the light-off temperature. Co−NiO was as promising
as the more expensive Pt−NiO catalyst for the oxidation. 相似文献
18.
Thitiporn Suttikul Satoshi Kodama Hidetoshi Sekiguchi Sumaeth Chavadej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2014,34(1):187-205
In this work, ethylene epoxidation was investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge jet (DBDJ) with a separate ethylene/oxygen feed under oxygen lean conditions. The ethylene (C2H4) stream was directly injected behind the plasma zone in order to reduce all undesired reactions, including C2H4 cracking and further reactions, while the oxygen (O2) balanced with argon was fed through the plasma zone totally to maximize the formation of active oxygen species. The effects of various operating parameters, such as total feed flow rate, O2/C2H4 feed molar ratio, applied voltage, input frequency, and C2H4 feed position on the ethylene epoxidation activity, were investigated to determine the optimum operating conditions for this new DBDJ system. The highest ethylene oxide (EO) selectivity (55.2 %) and yield (27.6 %), as well as the lowest power consumption (3.3 × 10?21 and 6.0 × 10?21 Ws/molecule C2H4 converted and EO produced, respectively) were obtained at a total feed flow rate of 1,625 cm3/min (corresponding to a residence time of 0.022 s), an O2/C2H4 feed molar ratio of 0.25:1, an applied voltage of 9 kV, an input frequency of 300 Hz, and a C2H4 feed position of 3 mm behind the plasma zone. The superior activity of the ethylene epoxidation in the DBDJ system resulted from a small reaction volume as well as a separate ethylene/oxygen feed. 相似文献
19.
The chemical and physical characteristics of pulsed electrical discharge within gas bubbles immersed in an aqueous solution
were investigated using a reactor with long protrusion length high voltage needle electrodes. Argon gas was introduced at
the base of the needle electrode causing gas bubbles to flow upwards in contact with the needle. The effects of needle protrusion
length were evaluated by using 2, 4, and 6 cm length needles under a wide range of power input (3–78 W). No significant differences
in chemical or electrical characteristics were found among the different protrusion lengths. H2 and H2O2 generation rates were proportional to input power and the energy yield efficiency for these species was not affected dramatically
by input power. The results of discharge within bubbles in aqueous solution were also compared with those for direct liquid
phase discharge and gas phase discharge above the liquid surface. 相似文献
20.
Dong Ju Moon 《Catalysis Surveys from Asia》2008,12(3):188-202
Hydrogen has been attracting great interest as a major energy source in near future. The lack of an infrastructure has led
to a research effort to develop fuel processing technology for production of hydrogen. In this review, we are reporting the
catalytic reforming of gaseous hydrocarbons carried out in our research group, covering dry-reforming of CH4, tri-reforming of CH4, the electrocatalytic reforming of CH4 by CO2 in the SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) system and steam reforming of LPG. Especially, we have focused on our work, though the
related work from other researchers is also discussed wherever necessary. It was found that tri-reforming of CH4 over NiO–YSZ–CeO2 catalyst was more desirable than dry-reforming of CH4 due to higher reforming activity and less carbon formation. The synthesis gas produced by tri-reforming of CH4 can be used for the production of dimethyl ether, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis fuels and high valued chemicals. To improve the
problem of deactivation of catalyst due to carbon formation in the dry reforming of CH4, the internal reforming of CH4 by CO2 in SOFC system with NiO–YSZ–CeO2 anode catalyst was suggested for cogeneration of a syngas and electricity. It was found that Rh-spc-Ni/MgAl catalyst showed long term stability for 1,100 h in the steam reforming of LPG under the tested conditions. The addition
of Rh to spc-Ni/MgAl catalyst restricted the deactivation of catalyst due to carbon formation in the steam reforming of LPG and diesel
under the tested conditions. The result suggested that the developed reforming catalysts can be used in the reforming process
of CH4, LNG and LPG for application to hydrogen station and fuel processor system. 相似文献