接枝羟基对有限长碳纳米管电子结构的影响

基于局域密度泛函理论, 采用第一原理方法, 建立了(5, 5)型和(8, 0)型有限长碳纳米管的原子模型, 并在两个端口接枝1～8个羟基官能团, 先用DMol3中BLYP方法对其结构进行优化, 再利用CASTEP软件计算其电子分布和态密度的变化, 从而讨论羟基官能团对碳纳米管电子结构和电子输运特性的影响. 计算表明, 接枝羟基的碳纳米管的电子结构明显改变, 费米能级上的电子态密度下降, 最高占据轨道上电子的非定域程度减弱, 致使电子输运性能呈下降趋势.     

CO在SnO2(110)面吸附特性的密度泛函研究

根据密度泛函理论, 采用广义密度近似和总体能量平面波赝势方法, 以6层Slab周期结构为模型, 计算了CO以4种不同方式在SnO2(110)表面的吸附, 研究了CO吸附对表面特性的影响. 计算结果表明, CO以C端向下在低配位Sn5C位置的顶位吸附为稳定的吸附方式, 该吸附对表面的驰豫现象有所改善. CO吸附并未明显改变表面电子态密度分布, 但造成了费米能1.06 eV的升高. 吸附后CO分子向表面转移了0.07个电子, 使表面电阻下降. 理论计算的结果支持了气体传感器气敏机理中的表面电导模型.     

TiC、TiC1-x、(Ti1-xNbx)C电子结构的计算

采用离散变分x_α法（DV-X_α法）对TiC理想晶体、空位和掺杂缺陷结构中的电子结构进行了计算．通过选取分子簇模型,模拟了理想晶体、空位和掺杂缺陷情况．采用多重散射离散变分X_α法,通过自治迭代来求解局域密度泛函方程,得到了各个分子簇模型的电子结构．分析计算结果发现,在理想TiC结构的态密度图中,费米能级位于两峰之间．但在费米能级处的电子态密度不为零,这提供了TiC导电性的来源．在空位模型中,发现电子态密度在费米能级处有较大的值,说明空位的存在有利于提高TiC的导电能力．对于Nb掺杂后的电子结构,在费米能级处存在一个电子态密度峰,因而也有利于提高其导电性．在计算的过程中考虑到了分子簇模型边界条件带来的电行转移效应对电子结构的影响,通过提供适当的环境势,得到了较精确的计算结果．与已有的计算结果进行了对比,有较好的一致性．     

N掺杂p-型ZnO的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法, 计算了纤锌矿ZnO和N掺杂p-型ZnO晶体的电子结构, 分析了N掺杂p-型ZnO晶体的能带结构、电子态密度、差分电荷分布以及H原子和N2分子对p-型掺杂ZnO的影响.     

金属铝诱导法低温制备多晶硅薄膜

以氢气稀释的硅烷(SiH₄)和硼烷(B₂H₆)为气源,利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(PECVD)制备出p型a-Si薄膜.采用铝诱导晶化技术对不同厚度的铝膜对a-Si薄膜晶化的影响进行了研究.实验中发现,铝膜溅射为10 s的非晶硅薄膜样品在450℃下退火10 min后,p型a-Si结构仍为非晶态,铝膜溅射为20 s的非晶硅薄膜在450℃下退火20 min后,p型a-Si薄膜开始晶化为poly-Si薄膜,并且铝膜厚度越厚,则a-Si薄膜晶化程度越强.     

结构转变方式对光致变色分子开关输运性能影响的从头计算研究(英文)

采用密度泛函理论方法系统地研究了由不同结构转变方式引发的一系列光致变色分子在用于分子开关时的电子输运性质.对各种分子结构转变前后的最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低空轨道(LUMO)的能级间隙(HLG)、前线轨道的空间分布、电子透射谱和投影电子态密度(PDOS)谱进行了计算和讨论.结果表明,相似的结构转变方式通常造成分子具有相似的电流开关性质,这与分子的共轭程度又有一定的关系.比较各种分子的电流开关比后发现偶氮苯结构单元具有最大的电流开关比.     

Ca(~1S_0)+CH_2Cl_2、CHCl_3和Ca(~3P)+CH_2Cl_2、CHCl_3反应的动态学研究

在微观反应动力学领域,研究反应物内能和平动能对产物能态布居的影响具有重大的意义。前人已较详细地考察了反应物平动能、振动能及转动能对产物内能态布居的影响,但有关反应物电子态能量对基电子态产物内能态布居影响的文献报道甚少。因为在大多数电子激发态金属原子与卤化物或氧化物的反应中,既可以形成电子激发态产物,又可形成基电子态产物,而来自电子激发态产物的辐射不仅给基电子态产物的激光诱导荧光(LIF)探测造成困难,而且影响初生基电子态产物的能态布居。据此,本文选择了小化学发光截面的反应(Ca~3P)+CH_2Cl_2、CHCl_3,利用直流放电选态和LIF技术,研究电子态能量对基电子态产物内能态布居的影响。     

类金刚石薄膜sp~2-sp~3轨道杂化的第一性原理研究

以强σ键连接的sp2和sp3杂化碳饱和簇模型,即金刚石和石墨两相和团簇模型为研究对象,通过分子结构、电荷分布、能带结构、电子态密度和分子轨道的第一性原理计算和分析,研究了类金刚石薄膜中sp2-sp3轨道杂化的空间结构稳定性的成键特性等.结果表明,成键过程中由于微扰作用破坏了原子内部"吸引"与"排斥"的平衡关系,使电子云重新分布,而键能大小和电子云的重叠密切相关,因而两相共存对电荷分布和结构均有影响.能带结构分析发现sp2杂化C原子将π键引入,产生π和π*能带使带隙变窄,说明类金刚石薄膜的半导体本质.电子态密度计算结果中费米能级附近出现杂质峰,说明存在中间杂化和/或π态和σ态的转化.     

位移谐振子模型对三(2-苯基吡啶)合铱磷光光谱影响的理论研究

采用谐振子模型理论探讨了振动模式对Ir(ppy)₃配合物的磷光光谱的影响.多原子分子发射光谱的一般形式可以从两个绝热电子态之间的热振动关联函数推导出,相应地势能面之间的位移和Duschinsky转动的影响也被包含在多维谐振子模型的表达式中,所得关系式模拟出了Ir(ppy)₃较为精细的磷光发射光谱.计算结果表明T₁态到S₀态之间的0→1振动跃迁对发射光谱贡献较大,尤其振动频率小于1600 cm^-1的振动模贡献更多,配体中苯和吡啶环上C=C和C=N的呼吸振动,是Ir(ppy)₃出现肩峰的主要原因.玻耳兹曼分布使得主峰和肩峰的强度下降,并且两峰相互接近.该谐振子模型与密度泛函理论(DFT)结合,可以较好地定量描述多原子分子光物理过程的发射光谱以及详细了解光谱谱图的细节.     

C60分子的非线性元激发和电子能谱

1 计算方法在本文中我们利用推广的SSH 模型,采用自洽迭代的数值计算方法,得到C_(60)分子基态、激发态的电子能谱和几何结构.这与分子轨道和密度泛函理论的计算结果是极相符的.在研究导电聚合物,特别是trans-polyacetylene 链的电子态时,苏武沛等提出了著名的SSH 模型,从理论上阐明了非线性元激发(孤子、极化子、双极化子)的物理图象.鉴于C_(60)分子与PA 链有某些相似之处,实验证实了C_(60)分子中的每个C 原子,通过三个σ电     

构型对芳基桥体分子内电子转移矩阵元影响的理论研究

在HF/6-31G水平上,研究了有机化合物二甲氧基-4-甲苯-四甲苯基桥体-二甲氧基-4-甲苯正离子间的电子转移.用线性反应坐标确定电子转移的过渡态,用两态变分法计算了电子转移矩阵元V_AB,在考虑非平衡态溶剂化效应下,计算了电子转移速率常数.改变桥体与氧化还原中心的二面角,计算了相应的电子转移矩阵元.通过电子结构分析,将电子转移矩阵元分为通过空间的直接耦合和通过键的耦合,提出了将后者进一步分为通过σ键和π键的耦合.得出通过π键的耦合与二面角余弦的平方成正比的结论.     

Force-field parametrization of retro-inverso modified residues: Development of torsional and electrostatic parameters

Summary Torsional and the electrostatic parameters for molecular mechanics studies of retro-inverso modified peptides have been developed using quantum mechanical calculations. The resulting parameters have been compared with those calculated for conventional peptides. Rotational profiles, which were obtained spanning the corresponding dihedral angle, were corrected by removing the energy contributions associated to changes in interactions different from torsion under study. For this purpose, the torsional energy associated to each point of the profiles was estimated as the corresponding quantum mechanical energy minus the bonding and nonbonding energy contributions produced by the perturbations that the variation of the spanned dihedral angle causes in the bond distances, bond angles and the other dihedral angles. These energies were calculated using force-field expressions. The corrected profiles were fitted to a three-term Fourier expansion to derive the torsional parameters. Atomic charges for retro-inverso modified residues were derived from the rigorously calculated quantum mechanical electrostatic potential. Furthermore, the reliability of electrostatic models based on geometry-dependent charges and fixed charges has been examined.     

The structure of the phenol-nitrogen cluster: a joint experimental and ab initio study

The rotationally resolved LIF spectra of four different isotopomers of the phenol--nitrogen cluster have been measured to elucidate the structural parameters of the cluster in ground and electronically excited (S1) state. The fit of the rotational constants has been performed by a genetic algorithm and by an assigned fit to the line frequencies. The results of both methods are compared. The intermolecular structures are fit to the inertial parameters and are compared to the results of ab initio calculations for both states. This fit was performed under the restriction that the geometry of the monomer moieties do not change upon complexation. Of the remaining five intermolecular parameters two dihedral angles were fixed due to the planarity of the complex, which was inferred from the inertial defects of all isotopomers. The distance of the nearest nitrogen atom to the hydrogen atom of the phenolic hydroxy group is found to decrease upon electronic excitation of the chromophore considerably more than predicted from ab initio calculations. This deviation between theory and experiment can be traced back to the absence of electron-electron correlation in the performed complete active space self-consistent field calculations. The shortening of the OH...NN "hydrogen" bond upon electronic excitation is in agreement with the increased dipole moment of phenol in the S1-state.     

含金属-金属多重键原子簇化合物Mo2I4(NCR)4体系光谱研究

使用INDO/CI程序计算了含金属-金属多重键的钼原子簇化合物Mo₂I₄(NCR)₄(R=Me,Et,Ph)体系的电子光谱,所得波数及强度与实验符合.在谱带指认分析中,除看到已知的δ_d→δ_d^*跃迁外,还看到了新的金属多重键具有的π_d→σ_p-s(M)跃迁.说明R=Me,Et,Ph次序变化的取代基效应引起的体系第一吸收带红移.对Mo≡Mo键的性质也进行了讨论.     

A computational analysis of the electrostatic potentials and relative bond strengths of hydrazine and some of its 1,1-dimethyl derivatives

We have carried out a computational study of hydrazine and five of its 1,1-dimethyl derivatives, focusing on their electrostatic potentials and relative bond strengths. Our approach has involved the calculation of ab initio self-consistent-field molecular orbital wave functions and molecular properties using the GAUSSIAN 82 system of programs. The electrostatic potentials of the hydrazines possess negative regions of varying sizes and strengths associated with the nitrogens of the α-diamino linkages. Through an analysis of the positions of the most negative potentials of these regions, we have obtained directly the dihedral angles between the nitrogen lone pairs in these systems. Our use of the electrostatic potential to obtain these angles is a direct and general approach, in contrast to indirect procedures used in the past. We find this dihedral angle to be close to 90° in hydrazine, with variations in the substituted hydrazines that depend on the nature of the substituents. A highly polar structure is found for 1-chloromethyl-1-methylhydrazine, which involves a delocalization of electronic charge from the substituted nitrogen towards the CH₂Cl group. We find that substituents able to withdraw significant amounts of electronic density from the central nitrogen lone pair regions, either through resonance or by induction, have a slight bond strengthening effect on the central N-N bond. This is attributed to a decrease in the repulsion between the weakened nitrogen lone pair regions. The difficulties encountered in seeking the controlled oxidation of hydrazine to nitro derivatives may be due, in part, to the fact that two factors which would favor this, highly negative nitrogen potentials and strong N-N bonds, are opposing in nature.     

SCF Cl calculations and assignment of the S1 → Sn absorption spectra of 1,1′-binaphthyl in different molecular conformations

An SCF calculation followed by extensive configuration interaction between all singly-excited singlet states has been performed for 1,1′-binaphthyl as a function of the dihedral angle. With these results an assignment of the electronic absorption bands in rigid and in fluid solution is given.     

Conformational memories with variable bond angles

Conformational Memories (CM) is a simulated annealing/Monte Carlo method that explores peptide and protein dihedral conformational space completely and efficiently, independent of the original conformation. Here we extend the CM method to include the variation of a randomly chosen bond angle, in addition to the standard variation of two or three randomly chosen dihedral angles, in each Monte Carlo trial of the CM exploratory and biased phases. We test the hypothesis that the inclusion of variable bond angles in CM leads to an improved sampling of conformational space. We compare the results with variable bond angles to CM with no bond angle variation for the following systems: (1) the pentapeptide Met-enkephalin, which is a standard test case for conformational search methods; (2) the proline ring pucker in a 17mer model peptide, (Ala)(8)Pro(Ala)(8); and (3) the conformations of the Ser 7.39 chi(1) in transmembrane helix 7 (TMH7) of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, a 25-residue system. In each case, analysis of the CM results shows that the inclusion of variable bond angles results in sampling of regions of conformational space that are inaccessible to CM calculations with only variable dihedral angles, and/or a shift in conformational populations from those calculated when variable bond angles are not included. The incorporation of variable bond angles leads to an improved sampling of conformational space without loss of efficiency. Our examples show that this improved sampling leads to better exploration of biologically relevant conformations that have been experimentally validated.     

Characterizing the nature of virtual amorphous silicon

Virtual samples of approximations to real amorphous silicon, a-Si, have been prepared using several different processing routes. These include a fast quench from the melt followed by a long slow annealing period using molecular dynamics, a Reverse Monte Carlo approach, and an ab initio minimization. The characterization of these virtual a-Si samples includes a consideration of structural data (the radial distribution function, angular order, etc.), electronic properties (through the density of states), and thermodynamic information (chiefly the nature of the phase transformation from a-Si to liquid). The properties of a-Si are compared to network models, via the continuous random network model, and to experiment. We investigated the stability of virtual a-Si and consider its implications for use in future simulation studies. We have demonstrated the necessity for the accuracy provided by ab initio-based models to describe the interatomic potentials. Throughout this study, we have monitored the role of order in determining physical properties, as characterized by traditional routes (such as angular correlations) and more novel ones (the signature cell method).     

Periodic DFT study of structural,electronic, absorption,and thermodynamic properties of crystalline α-RDX under hydrostatic compression

Periodic density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the structural, electronic, absorption, and thermodynamic properties of crystalline α-RDX under hydrostatic compression of 0–50 GPa. As the pressure increases, its lattice parameters, bond lengths, bonds angels, torsion angles, cell volumes, and band structure crystal change regularly except at the pressure of 13 GPa, where a structural transformation occurs. The remarkable changes in the bond lengths and bond angles indicate that there are several possible initiation decomposition mechanisms of RDX under compression. An analysis of density of states shows that the interactions between electrons, especially for the valence electrons, are strengthened under the influence of pressure. The absorption spectra show that the structural transformation makes the absorption coefficient of C–H stretching increase significantly. An analysis of thermodynamic properties indicates that the structural transformation is endothermic and not spontaneous at room temperature. The increasing temperature is not favorable for the structural transformation.     

分子模拟技术研究17种磺胺类药物与抗体亲和力构效关系

应用量子力学AM1方法对17种磺胺类药物(Sulfonamides, SAs)进行分子构型优化, 得到了SAs的最低能量结构, 并计算了SAs分子的重要构型参数(键长、键角和两面角)、电性参数(R基团和重要原子的电量)和物化参数(水合能、Log P值等). 通过比较SAs各个分子理化性质的差异, 讨论了SAs与4株磺胺二甲基嘧啶(Sulfamethazine, SM2)多克隆抗体之间的构效关系, 结果显示水合能和Log P在SM2抗体-抗原(SAs)构效关系中发挥重要作用, 分子的空间结构和电子特性的作用有限.