On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

Construction of the minimal superspace-translation tensor and the derivation of the supercurrent

The superspace analogue of the improved energy-momentum tensor is analysed. The supercurrent of Ferrara and Zumino is derived from the superspace-translation tensor in its minimal form. The additional freedom in this tensor, as compared to the supercurrent, is exhibited.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project.The length of the tunnel is about 20 m.The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered ed soil for shielding.In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts,we use the ISIS construction,which is designed with four turnings,as a reference for the tunnel design.The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulationwith the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA.The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved.This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered by soil for shielding. In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts, we use the ISIS construction, which is designed with four turnings, as a reference for the tunnel design. The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulation with the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA. The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved. This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

Application of the method of collective coordinates the the quantisation of the two-dimensional higgs model

A comprehensive analysis of the application of the method of collective coordinates to the two dimensional Higgs model is given. First the instanton solution is derived, and the geometry of configuration space, and the construction of Schrodinger wave functionals are discussed. It is then explicitly verified that the Goldstone mode is the projection of the vacuum state onto the generator of the broken symmetry. The elimination of this Goldstone mode by means of the unitary gauge condition is demonstrated to the the crucial point in the construction of a consistent perturbation procedure. The parameter of the broken symmetry group is then used as the collective coordinate for field configurations around a minimum of the interaction. Throughout, the discussion is sufficiently detailed in order to facilitate the application of the method to other fields.     

Equation of the Crack Front with Allowance for the Metric Properties of the Material

The geometric representation of the crack front propagation is examined in a Finsler space in the context of the discontinuity theory. The structure of the medium is taken into account via the connectivity coefficients of the Finsler space and its metric. It is demonstrated that this approach leads to the construction of fiber spaces and allows the gauge invariance to be introduced correctly and noncontradictorily into the fracture theory. The Lie derivative is used to proceed from discontinuities to differentials. The equation of the front crack surface is retrieved.     

Evaluation of the void fraction in the crescent-shape moderator cell of the CARR-CNS

The mathematical model developed in a previous paper is improved in the present paper for analyzing and evaluating the void fraction profiles in the crescent-shape moderator cell of the Cold Neutron Source (CNS) of the China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) which is now under construction in the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The model is then applied to the case of the CARR-CNS with liquid hydrogen as a moderator and the void fraction in the crescent-shape moderator cell of the CARR-CNS is evaluated. The calculation results show that the void fraction in the crescent-shape moderator cell less than 20%. The model and the calculation results will help to obtain insight of the mechanism that controls the void fraction distribution in the crescent-shape moderator cell, and provide theoretical supports for the moderator cell construction.     

Status of the experiment on the measurement of the neutrino magnetic moment with the spectrometer GEMMA

The investigation of the background structure of the spectrometer GEMMA was carried out in a low-background laboratory in ITEP. GEMMA is destined for measurement of the neutrino magnetic moment near the core of a nuclear power plant (NPP) reactor. The results of the investigation in ITEP and measurement of the background in the experimental hall at the Kalininskaya NPP proved that GEMMA is ready for the start of the experiment at the reactor. Now the preparation of the experimental hall for the measurement is completed and an assembling of the setup is in progress.     

光纤光栅传输矩阵研究

利用模耦合理论给出并分析了一般坐标系下相移布喇格光纤光栅中的传输矩阵及其特性,所给出的传输矩阵具有分段不变性,而且不能被分解为一个矩阵和一个相移矩阵的乘积.利用该传输矩阵可以研究均匀、相移、啁啾、超结构等光纤光栅及光栅的级联等.计算了相移光栅的反射谱和相移量的关系,以及两个光栅级联时的反射谱.结果表明,同样相移量时的反射谱和已有文献不同,两个光栅级联时,也不同于已有文献,各自的谐振波长与光栅的级联没有关系.     

Peratization of the vertex in the theory of weak interactions with the W-meson

The integral equation for the vertex with crossed boson lines is solved by the known peratization technique. In the zero energy approach some numerical corrections to the simple vertex are obtained and it is shown that higher order corrections cannot be neglected. The influence of these corrections on the cross-section for the neutrino production of the W-meson in the nuclear field and on the W-mass is investigated.This work is a part of a thesis written in 1965 at the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics of The Czech Technical University in Prague.     

SEM study of the influence of microstructure wettability on the character of the oil saturation of the porous space of rocks

The influence of microstructure wettability on the oil distribution in pores is studied for oil-saturated deposits with highly viscous oil. The character of the oil distribution in the pores, depending on the degree of their hydrophobicity, is shown for carbonate rocks with different oil saturation. The given data indicate the relation between the character of the oil distribution in the pores and the microstructure wettability.     

On the determination of the statistical characteristics of the magnesium acceptor in GaN

The temperature dependence of the free hole concentration is studied in Ga:Mg samples grown by the MOCVD technique. Relevant parameters are determined, like the ionization energy, the degree of compensation and the concentrations of donors and acceptors. Methods for the determination of these parameters are discussed. It is shown that reliable data on the ionization energy and the compensation can be obtained while determination of the concentrations of donors and acceptors is much less reliable. The value of the degeneracy factor of the acceptor level is explored since it influences the degree of compensation and the free carrier concentration. The occurrence of the maximum in the free carrier concentration with the increase of Mg dopand concentration in MOCVD samples is examined. It is shown that multicharged donors are needed for the explanation, among which the complex formed by magnesium atom and the nitrogen vacancy is the plausible candidate.     

鱼雷豚跳运动及初始转动角速度选取

鱼雷依靠惯性以一定姿态跃出水面并再次落入水中的过程称之为鱼雷的豚跳运动. 针对鱼雷的豚跳运动需要以零攻角入水, 而鱼雷在空中运动过程中无法控制的问题, 提出了通过构建鱼雷豚跳运动模型并以此为基础控制初始出水转动角速度的解决方法. 附加质量、浮力、浮心、浸湿面积、浸水体积等变量随鱼雷出水姿态、出水过程不同而不同. 在构建鱼雷豚跳运动模型过程中, 充分考虑了各个变化物理量的导数项, 分析了鱼雷水动阻力系数与攻角的关系, 构建了运动模型, 得出鱼雷豚跳运动的规律. 利用优化搜索算法计算出使鱼雷豚跳以零攻角条件入水的初始转动角速度. 仿真结果表明了所建模型及控制初始转动角速度方法的有效性.     

Measurement of the parameters of the natural waveguide mode

The possibilities of using the decomposition of natural waveguide modes in a shallow-water sea in case there is a sound velocity gradient into sinusoidal modes of an ideal waveguide is grounded. The applicability range of such decomposition is shown. Dispersion in signals of the modes presented in such a way is determined by mathematical reversal without a test source. The structure of discrete modes in a natural waveguide is determined without utilizing the bottom parameters and sound velocity’s distribution over the waveguide depth. The coefficient of the mode signal’s correlation with the measured parameters of the mode signal and a real signal, introduced into it, is shown to be 0.973. The signals from a point emitter positioned at the depth of 50 m in the frequency range of 90–280 Hz in a shallow-water sea (the Barents Sea, a 120 m depth, a 7 km distance), received by a vertical antenna array comprising 32 receivers spaced equidistantly with a 3-m step are used in the experiment. A real signal has been successfully reversed using a mathematical model.     

海空背景下点目标红外成像系统信噪比的估算

在海空背景下,从目标与环境辐射特性之间的关系出发,针对不同的大气条件对点目标成像过程中的大气衰减分别进行了计算。使用NETD方法对在相应条件下不同距离上的热成像系统的信噪比进行了估算。分析比较了直接温差估算法和间接温差估算法两种信噪比的计算结果。     

Effect of the temperature dependence of the viscosity of pseudoplastic lubricants on the boundary friction regime

The boundary friction regime appearing between two atomically smooth solid surfaces with an ultrathin lubricating layer between them is considered. The interrupted (stick-slip) regime of motion typical of the boundary lubrication is represented as a first-order phase transition between the structural states of the lubricant. The thermodynamic and shear melting is described. The universal dependence of the viscosity of high-molecular alkanes (lubricants) on the temperature and velocity gradient is taken into account. The dependence of the friction force on the lubricant temperature and the relative shear velocity of the interacting surfaces are analyzed. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the viscosity makes it possible to describe some experimentally observed effects. The possibility of prolonged damped oscillations after lubricant melting prior to the stabilization of the steady-state sliding mode is predicted. In the stick-slip regime in a wide range of parameters, a reversive motion is observed when the upper block moves in both directions after melting.     

Effect of the architecture of the left ventricle on the speed of the excitation wave in muscle fibers

It is known that preferential paths for the propagation of an electrical excitation wave in the human ventricular myocardium are associated with muscle fibers in tissue. The speed of the excitation wave along a fiber is several times higher than that across the direction of the fiber. To estimate the effect of the architecture and anisotropy of the myocardium of the left ventricle on the process of its electrical activation, we have studied the relation between the speed of the electrical excitation wave in a one-dimensional isolated myocardial fiber consisting of sequentially coupled cardiomyocytes and in an identical fiber located in the wall of a threedimensional anatomical model of the left ventricle. It has been shown that the speed of a wavefront along the fiber in the three-dimensional myocardial tissue is much higher than that in the one-dimensional fiber. The acceleration of the signal is due to the rotation of directions of fibers in the wall and to the position of the excitation wavefront with respect to the direction of this fiber. The observed phenomenon is caused by the approach of the excitable tissue with rotational anisotropy in its properties to a pseudoisotropic tissue.     

A method for measuring the phase of the reflection coefficient in the visible range of the spectrum

A method for measuring the phase of the reflection coefficient in the optical wavelength range is proposed. The method is simple in experimental implementation and is based on measuring the energyreflection coefficients of a sample in two media with different refractive indices. Analytical and numerical estimates show that the measurement accuracy of the phase is on the order of 1°. The possibilities of using the results of the phase measurement in practice for a more complete characterization of materials and structures under investigation are considered.     

The main periodicities of the motion of the center of the sun relative to the center of mass of the solar system and solar activity

The dynamic parameters of the motion of the Sun relative to the center of mass of the Solar System, viz., the distance of the center of the Sun relative to the center of mass and the angular momentum of the Sun, as well as its changes, are investigated. The frequency spectra of these parameters and of the Wolf numbers are calculated and the main spectral components are revealed. It is shown that a periodicity of 178.8 years is not predominant in the dynamic parameters of the motion of the Sun; in this frequency range a periodicity of 169 years connected with the influence of Neptune predominates. The coincidence of the periodicities in the Wolf numbers and dynamic parameters of the motion of the Sun is shown. The causes of all components of the frequency spectrum are indicated.