两种香豆素分子与TiO_2之间电荷转移的理论研究

染料敏化太阳能电池以其低成本高效率引起了人们广泛的关注,其中的光诱导电荷转移过程对太阳能电池的光电转化效率起着重要作用.本工作中我们以两种香豆素类染料分子7-羟基香豆素-4-乙酸(HCA)和7-N,N-二甲胺基香豆素-4-乙酸(DMACA)为例,从理论上研究了它们的几何结构和电子吸收光谱;并将其吸附在TiO_2表面上,计算了它们与TiO_2表面之间电荷转移的重组能、耦合强度和驱动力,进而计算了电荷转移速率.结果表明,DMACA分子中二甲胺基在第一激发态的旋转能垒约为0.08 eV,因此DMACA分子在第一激发态时很容易发生扭转.通过对HCA-TiO_2/DMACA-TiO_2体系中电子转移过程的研究,发现尽管两者重组能相似,但前者耦合强度和驱动力比后者小,使前者的电子转移速率略小于后者.当DMACA-TiO_2体系中二甲胺基在激发态发生扭转后,耦合强度略微减小,但由于驱动力减小,重组能增大,电子注入速率明显降低.因此,本工作不仅合理地解释了实验现象,而且也提供了一种理论预测染料分子-半导体界面上电子转移的可行性方法.     

钼硅酸电荷转移盐的合成、表征和晶体结构

以H4SiMo12O40·nH2O和六甲基磷酰三胺（[（CH3）2N]3PO，简写为HMPA）为原料，合成了分子组成为H4SiMo12O40·5HMPA·2H2O的光敏化合物。红外光谱研究表明，钼硅酸形成电荷转移盐后，其基本的Keggin骨架未变，但其特征振动峰发生了蓝移；光照变色后的漫反射电子光谱图上出现了Mo^Ⅴ→Mo^Ⅵ的IVCT吸收带，表明在光激发下发生了电子转移，ESR研究表明，电子转移处于单电子阶段；晶体结构分析表明，属三斜晶系，空间群P1，a=13.8490(10)×10^-1nm,b=13.9400(10)×10^-1nm,c=22.024(2)×10^-1nm,a=95.770(10)°,β=99.450(10)°,γ=91.510(10)°,V=4168.9(6)×10^-1nm,共收集21390个衍射点，对19037个独立衍射点做全矩阵最小二乘法计算，得可靠性因子R=0.046。     

新型电荷转移盐的合成与表征

新型电荷转移盐的合成与表征＊＊库宗军柳士忠＊曹正太董俊萍陈晋阳（湖北大学化学系武汉４３００６１）关键词十八钼二砷酸喹啉电荷转移盐光致变色中图分类号Ｏ６２７．５２近十几年来，多金属氧酸盐用作均相和多相催化剂的报道越来越多［１］。文献报道的均相催化过程大...     

氧鎓盐分子在受限制体系中的电荷转移和发光行为

2,4,6-三芳基氧盐是一类类似于三苯甲烷染料的化合物^[1].其结构中存在两种跃迁矩,分别对应于分子的X-轴方向(2,6-位取代基)和Y-轴方向(4-位取代基).因此,2,4,6-三芳基氧盐的吸收光谱中存在着两个较具特征的吸收峰^[2].     

尿素与Keggin结构磷钼酸电荷转移盐的合成与表征

在水中合成了两种新的有机 金属氧酸盐电荷转移配合物H3 PMo12 O4 0 ·4.5CO(NH2 ) 2 ·2 .5H2 O和H3 PMo12O4 0 ·12CO (NH2 ) 2 ,用IR、UV、TG、XRD及元素分析对其进行了表征。结果表明两种化合物中均存在[(H2 N) 2 COH]+ ,阴离子保持Keggin结构 ,但Keggin结构由于尿素的有机给体作用发生了不同程度的畸变。H3 PMo12 O4 0 ·4.5CO(NH2 ) 2 ·2 .5H2 O在固态 ,H3 PMo12 O4 0 ·12CO(NH2 ) 2 的水溶液具有光致变色效应     

己二胺-12-钼磷酸电荷转移盐的光化学合成与晶体结构

采用光化学法合成一种有机-无机电荷转移盐，（HMDH2）[H2PMo12O40]·AA·3H2O·DMF（HMD = 1,6-己二胺，AA = 乙醛，DMF = N,N-二甲基甲酰胺）超分子化合物。用元素分析，IR，固体漫反射电子光谱，ESR进行了表征。X-射线四圆衍射测定其晶体结构属三斜晶系，空间群Pī，Mr=2081.68，晶胞参数a = 14.092(3)，b =14.347(3)，c =14.358(3)?，α=75.10(3)，β=80.70(3)，γ=80.73(3)°,V=2746.6(10)?3，Z=2，Dc=2.517g/cm3，F(000)=1970，μ(MoKα)=2.766mm-1，全矩阵最小二乘法修正至R=0.0832，wR=0.2638。标题化合物是由1个质子化的1,6-己二胺、12-钼磷混合价杂多阴离子[PMo12O40]4ˉ、3个水分子、2个乙醛分子和1个二甲基甲酰胺分子构成。     

新金刚石稳定性及晶体结构模型的研究

利用碳黑催化法制备了新金刚石粉末, 并通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)对不同时效处理后的新金刚石样品进行表征. 结果表明, 新金刚石是一种亚稳态的相, 在室温下, 随着放置时间的推移其晶体结构发生变化. 根据XRD分析和模拟的XRD图谱, 提出了用具有分数占位的“缺陷金刚石”模型来解释新金刚石结构随时间的变化规律. 在该模型中, 原子的占位数χ为0时, 为面心立方结构(FCC), χ为1时, 为金刚石结构. 密度泛函理论计算结果表明, 随χ的增加, 其结构的稳定性也增加. 可见, 新金刚石是由FCC碳向金刚石结构过渡的中间态结构.     

黄芩素激发态分子内质予转移耦合电荷转移反应的实验和理论研究

通过稳态光谱实验和量子化学计算相结合,研究了黄芩素激发态质子转移耦合电荷转移的反应. 实验和计算中S1态吸收峰的缺失表明S1态是暗态. S1暗态导致在实验中观察不到黄芩素在乙醇溶液中的荧光峰,且固体的荧光峰很弱. 黄芩素分子的前线分子轨道和电荷差异密度表明S1态是电荷转移态,然而S2态是局域激发态. 计算的黄芩素分子的势能曲线在激发态只有一个稳定点,这表明了黄芩素激发态分子内质子转移的过程是一个无能垒的过程.     

钨硅酸电荷转移盐的光敏性及非线性光学性质

由于在光能转换和激光等高科技领域的广泛应用，光敏材料和非线性光学材料成为当今十分活跃的研究领域［１］．研究表明，非线性光学性质的产生源于分子内电荷的转移，而发生分子内电荷转移的必要条件是分子内必须具备电子给体与受体［２］，有文献报道，电子给－受型配合...     

新型钒取代杂多酸电荷转移盐的合成和表征

以不同钒取代的Danson结构的杂多磷钼酸为电子受体 ,N ,N 二甲苯胺为电子给体合成了两种新型电荷转移盐配合物 8C8H11N·H8P2 Mo16V2 O62 ·3C3 H7NO·5H2 O和 8C8H11N·H10 P2 Mo14 V4O62 ·4C3 H7NO。并用元素分析、红外光谱、固体漫反射电子光谱等进行了表征。结果表明 :有机电子给体与杂多酸阴离子间有强烈的相互作用 ,配合物在光激发下发生分子内的电荷转移 ,导致有机阳离子的氧化和杂多阴离子的还原。ESR测试结果显示 ,杂多阴离子的还原反应处于单电子还原阶段 ,阴离子中VV 还原为VⅣ     

芳基四硫富瓦烯与溴化铜电荷转移复合物的合成及晶体结构

采用溶液扩散的方法合成了硫原子桥联芳基取代四硫富瓦烯1～4与CuBr₂的4种电荷转移复合物(1^+·)(Cu₂Br₆)_0.5、(2^+·)(Cu₂Br₆)_0.5、(3^+·)(Cu₂Br₆)_0.5和(4^+·)(CuBr₂)。晶体结构研究表明,复合物中阴离子呈现2种构型：八面体型(Cu₂^ⅡBr₆)^2-和直线型(Cu^ⅠBr₂)^-,并且4种复合物呈现不同的堆积结构。通过调控芳基上卤素原子取代位置和大小,实现了对电荷转移复合物堆积结构和阴离子构型的有效调控。     

Trifluoromethylsulfonyl-Based Salts of BEDT-TTF: Crystal and Electronic Structures and Physical Properties11

Three 2 : 1 salts of the organic donor molecule bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF or ET) with trifluoromethylsulfonyl-based anions N(SO₂CF₃)₂⁻, CH(SO₂CF₃)₂⁻ and C(SO₂CF₃)₃⁻ were prepared by electrocrystallization. These salts were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, electrical resistivity measurements and electronic band structure calculations. (ET)₂N(SO₂CF₃)₂ is a two-dimensional (2D) metal, but its ESR spin susceptibility above 150 K shows a weakly semiconducting behavior, presumably because during ESR measurements the sample cooling rate is slow hence allowing the disordered anions to readjust their positions. (ET)₂CH (SO₂CF₃)₂ is a 2D metal and undergoes a metal-to-insulator (MI) transition at 110 K due probably to a geometry change of the donor molecule layers. (ET)₂C(SO₂CF₃)₃ is a one-dimensional (1D) metal and undergoes an MI between 180 and 240 K, which is expected to be of charge density wave type.     

Excited‐State Proton Transfer and Intramolecular Charge Transfer in 1,3‐Diketone Molecules

The photophysical signature of the tautomeric species of the asymmetric (N,N‐dimethylanilino)‐1,3‐diketone molecule are investigated using approaches rooted in density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT). In particular, since this molecule, in the excited state, can undergo proton transfer reactions coupled to intramolecular charge transfer events, the different radiative and nonradiative channels are investigated by making use of different density‐based indexes. The use of these tools, together with the analysis of both singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces, provide new insights into excited‐state reactivity allowing one to rationalize the experimental findings including different behavior of the molecule as a function of solvent polarity.     

Theoretical Studies on the Structure and Spectrum of Imidazole-Chloranil Charge Transfer Complex

UV-Vis absorption spectra of the molecular complex formed by imidazole (Im) and chloranil (CA) were measured in chloroform. The stoichiometry of the imidazole-chloranil (Im-CA) complex was determined as 1:1 by applying Benesi-Hildebrand's equation and Job's continuous variation method. Density function theory (DFT) and MP2 calculations were performed to study the structures and the binding energies of the Im-CA complex. The calculations located four conformations (denoted as S1-S4) for the Im-CA complex, two edge(Im)-to-face(CA) linked and two edge(Im)-to-edge(CA) linked. It was found that the edge-to-face conformers are more stable than the edge-to-edge ones. The bonding characteristics of these conformers were investigated with natural population analysis (NPA), topological analysis of electron density, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. It was revealed that the edge-to-face conformers are charge-transfer (CT) complexes whereas the edge-to-edge conformers are the hydrogen bond complexes. For the most stable conformation of the Im-CA complex (S1), the charge transfer interaction of the imidazole n(N15) lone pair orbital with the chloranil ∏*(C1=O7) orbital plays a crucial role in the Im-CA binding, and the binding is further strengthened by the O7… H20 hydrogen bond. The electronic excitation energies of the complex (S1) were calculated with time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and the observed UV-Visible spectrum of the complex was analyzed based on the computed results.     

Theoretical Studies on the Absorption Spectra and Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Push-pull Zinc Porphyrin Dyes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

The electronic structures, absorption spectra and intramolecular charge transfer properties of five push-pull zinc porphyrin analogs with different donor group and π bridge have been investigated by density functio- nal theory(DFT) and TD(time-dependent)-DFT approach. The results show that the asymmetrical substituted diphenylamine group is favorable to the Q-band absorption of porphyrin dyes. The absence of the acetylenic bond in the π bridge part leads to the result that the B-band and the Q-band are blue-shifted and their absorption strength become weaker compared with that containing acetylenic bond, respectively. The introduction of the benzothiadiazole into the π bridge improves the intramolecular charge transfer.     

On the Role of Charge Transfer in Many-Body Non-Covalent Interactions**

Charge transfer is one of the mechanisms involved in non-covalent interactions. In molecular dimers, its contribution to pairwise interaction energies has been studied extensively using a variety of interaction energy decomposition schemes. In polar interactions such as hydrogen bonds, it can contribute ten or several tens of percent of the interaction energy. Less is known about its importance in higher-order interactions in many-body systems, mainly because of the lack of methods applicable to this problem. In this work, we extend our method for the quantification of the charge-transfer energy based on constrained DFT to many-body cases and apply it to model trimers extracted from molecular crystals. Our calculations show that charge transfer can account for a large fraction of the total three-body interaction energy. This also has implications for DFT calculations of many-body interactions in general as it is known that many DFT functionals struggle to describe charge-transfer effects correctly.     

咔唑衍生物DiPICz载流子传输性能的理论研究

依据Marcus理论, 在密度泛函理论水平下对咔唑衍生物Dibenzo[2,3: 5,6]pyrrolizino[1,7-bc]indolo-[1,2,3-lm]carbazole(DiPICz)的电子结构和传输性质进行系统研究. 计算结果表明, DiPICz的电子迁移率(5.81×10^-2 cm²·V^-1·s^-1)反常地高出空穴迁移率(6.02×10^-4 cm²·V^-1·s^-1)2个数量级, 表明稠合修饰可能是一种潜在的转变传输材料极性的手段. 分析发现, 导致DiPICz具有较好电子传输性质的原因在于相对较小的电子重组能和较好的晶体堆积方式. 在其鱼骨型堆积的晶体中, 存在着滑移的π-π及边对面的 CH…N和CH…π相互作用. 这些相互作用由于形成二维的电荷传输通道, 从而在电子传输中起着重要作用.     

Charge Transfer Metal-Organic Framework Containing Redox-Active TTF/NDI Units for Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of new inorganic-organic hybrid crystal materials, could have important applications in near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion. Herein, a new charge-transfer MOF (Co-MOF) with mixed ligands of H₄TTFTB and bpmNDI incorporating redox-active tetrathiafulvalene/naphthalene diimide (TTF/NDI) units into one system is reported. Due to the presence of TTF/NDI oxidative and reductive couples, stable radicals can be observed in the MOF. In addition, charge transfer from the electron donor (TTF) to the acceptor (NDI) results in a broad absorption in the NIR region. The Co-MOF exhibited an efficient photothermal effect induced by irradiation with a NIR laser. Under the 808 nm laser (0.7 W cm⁻²) illumination, the temperature of the Co-MOF increased from room temperature to 201 °C in only 10 s. Furthermore, a series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films doped with trace amounts of Co-MOF showed efficient NIR photothermal conversion. When a Co-MOF@PDMS (0.6 wt %) film is irradiated by 808 nm laser with power of 0.5 W cm⁻², it′s temperature can reach a plateau at 62 °C from 20 °C within 100 s. Our experimental results from the Co-MOF@PDMS film demonstrate that the effectiveness and feasibility of the material is promising for photothermal applications.