共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
关键词:人工光合作用·合成自然界水解催化中心C. Chen, Y. Chen, R. Yao, Y. Li, C. Zhang. Artificial Mn4Ca-cluster with Exchangeable Solvent Molecules Mimicking the Oxygen-Evolving Center in Photosynthesis,A ngew. Chem. Int. Ed,2019, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814440.光合作用水裂解催化中心(OEC)是自然界亿万年进化的结果,合成稳定OEC分子、实现人工光合作用极具挑战.中国科学院化学研究所张纯喜研究团队成功合成了在极性溶剂中稳定的、猛离子价态与自然界OEC完全一致的Mn4Ca簇合物.其作用机制为生物OEC的核心骨架和配体环境之间的氢键相互作用以及在关键辅基Ca离子上引入可交换的溶剂分子(乙睛或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺). 相似文献
5.
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸与生物光化学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物光化学的核心内容是光合作用。在光合作用这个生物光化学的核心领域,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)始终起着极其重要的作用,NADPH就是一个传递电子和能量的最关键活性生物分子。本文对海洋里的光合作用、细菌与光合作用以及光合作用的模拟等作了介绍。 相似文献
6.
由于传统化石燃料的不可再生性和使用过程中对环境的污染,近年通过太阳光驱动催化水分解制备氢气或CO_2还原制备甲醇等高能化学燃料是人工光合作用制备太阳能燃料领域的研究重点.水的氧化反应是制备太阳能燃料的重要半反应,为质子或CO_2的还原提供必需的质子和电子,开发基于非贵金属氧化物的高效水氧化催化剂是人工光合作用制备太阳能燃料的重要挑战之一.最近我们课题组的研究发现,无定形氧化钴作为水氧化催化剂时,其本征活性比结晶态的高出一个数量级.与氧化钴催化剂相比,铁基氧化物作为水氧化催化剂具有许多优点,比如成本低、环境友好、对动植物不产生生理毒性.基于此,本文探索了开发制备具有高催化活性的铁基氧化物作为水氧化催化剂.结果发现,氧化铁水氧化催化剂活性不但受其结晶度影响,还与其水合状态密切相关.水合氧化铁在进行室温真空干燥脱水处理后,在Ru(bpy)3~(2+)-Na_2S_2O_8光催化水氧化体系中,其催化水氧化活性降低了一个数量级.热重分析、XRD和拉曼测试等结果表明,室温下进行脱水处理后,氧化铁基本不含有水分子的信号,其体相结构没有发生显著的变化. XRD和拉曼结果表明,催化水氧化测试后回收的氧化铁催化剂结构没有发生改变,表明该水合状态的氧化铁是水氧化过程中真实的催化剂成分,并不是充当前驱体的角色.基于此,我们进一步制备了尺寸较小且为水合状态的无定形氧化铁纳米粒子,后者在Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)-Na_2S_2O_8光催化水氧化体系中显示出极高的催化活性, TOF值高达9.3 s~(-1),基于产生的氧气分子计算的光催化量子效率达到67%.该尺寸较小的水合状态氧化铁纳米粒子还可以有效地负载在SiO_2表面进行催化水氧化反应,循环测试结果表明,负载的水合状态氧化铁纳米粒子连续进行三个催化水氧化循环测试,其活性未明显衰减,显示了较高的稳定性.该结果表明,未来设计铁基氧化物作为高活性的水氧化催化剂时,需要特别考虑其水合状态. 相似文献
7.
光合作用作为地球上最重要的化学反应,是一切生命活动赖以生存的基础.光合作用分为光反应和暗反应两个阶段.通常认为,光反应阶段产生O2,暗反应阶段CO2被还原(也称“CO2同化”).尽管这一观点已被公众所熟知,但也存在诸多疑点,一些科学家(包括1931年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主OttoWarburg)认为, CO2也可能在光反应阶段作为反应底物参与了产氧并被还原.然而,该观点至今没有在实验上获得充足的证据支持.那么,在光反应阶段是否能够进行CO2同化?如果能够发生,产物和机理是什么?毫无疑问,这些科学问题具有十分重要的研究价值,对这些问题的探索能帮助我们更加充分认识光合作用机制.然而,自上世纪十年代以来,相关研究已陷入停滞状态.为了解开光合作用领域的这个重要科学谜团,即在光合作用中CO2是否能通过光反应被还原,本文选取三类不同层次的光合作用体系(小球藻、叶绿体、PSII中心复合体)为研究对象,结合原位质谱、气相色谱和同位素标记等手段,设计了一系列实验,排除了... 相似文献
8.
超声波辅助稠油层内催化水热裂解实验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
超声波辅助稠油层内催化水热裂解实验研究 《燃料化学学报》2011,39(8):606-610
将超声波应用到稠油催化水热裂解实验中,研究了超声波辅助催化水热裂解对胜利油田孤东稠油物化性质的影响。结果表明,超声波辅助作用下稠油的降黏率达到86.2%,与催化水热裂解相比,稠油的平均相对分子质量进一步减小,饱和烃和芳香烃组分含量增加,胶质和沥青质组分含量减少,稠油组分的氢碳原子比增加,杂原子含量减小。动态模拟实验中超声波辅助层内催化水热裂解效果显著,稠油采收率达到53.91%,降黏率达到80.5%。由此表明,超声波辅助催化水热裂解具有可行性,超声波与催化剂协同作用促进了水热裂解反应,一定程度上改善了稠油的品质。 相似文献
9.
10.
烯烃裂解中分子筛催化剂的稳定性研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
低碳烯烃催化裂解增产丙烯是一项新技术,高水热稳定催化剂的研究和开发是关键技术之一,硅酸铝分子筛催化剂因具有相对较好的稳定性而得到了广泛研究. 本文总结了HY, HZSM-5和 MCM-22等微孔、介孔以及具有微-介孔复合结构的新型分子筛在烯烃催化裂解反应中的稳定性,特别是水热稳定性方面的研究进展,归纳了提高酸性分子筛催化剂水热稳定性的方法,比较了不同方法制得分子筛的催化裂解性能,对高稳定性催化剂在实际应用中的问题和前景进行了探讨,为研发新一代低碳烯烃裂解催化剂提供参考. 相似文献
11.
Taras K. Antal Wayne Lo William H. Armstrong Esa Tyystjärvi 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2009,85(3):663-668
We measured the photosensitivity of an artificial tetranuclear oxo–Mn(IV) complex, [Mn4 O6 (bpea)4 ]Br4 , which has an adamantane-shaped {Mn4 O6 }4+ core. Illumination caused changes in the absorption spectrum of the compound consistent with a one-electron reduction in the compound. Bromide appears to be the most probable electron donor in the reaction system. Chemical modification of the cluster appears to destabilize it, predisposing it to reductive degradation. UV light was more efficient than visible light in causing the changes. The data support the suggestion that the natural oxygen-evolving Mn complex is photosensitive and can oxidize components of the oxygen-evolving complex in its excited state causing photoinhibition, and that photostability is an important issue in designing Mn complexes for artificial photosynthesis. Furthermore, light-induced oxidation of bromide by [Mn4 O6 (bpea)4 ]4+ may suggest that oxidation of chloride is involved in natural water splitting or has been involved during the evolution of the water-splitting enzyme. 相似文献
12.
Utschig LM Silver SC Mulfort KL Tiede DM 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(41):16334-16337
Solar energy conversion of water into the environmentally clean fuel hydrogen offers one of the best long-term solutions for meeting future energy demands. Nature provides highly evolved, finely tuned molecular machinery for solar energy conversion that exquisitely manages photon capture and conversion processes to drive oxygenic water-splitting and carbon fixation. Herein, we use one of Nature's specialized energy-converters, the Photosystem I (PSI) protein, to drive hydrogen production from a synthetic molecular catalyst comprised of inexpensive, earth-abundant materials. PSI and a cobaloxime catalyst self-assemble, and the resultant complex rapidly produces hydrogen in aqueous solution upon exposure to visible light. This work establishes a strategy for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency for solar fuel production by augmenting natural photosynthetic systems with synthetically tunable abiotic catalysts. 相似文献
13.
14.
The Oxygen Evolving Complex in photosystem II, which is responsible for the oxidation of water to oxygen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria, contains a cluster of one calcium and four manganese atoms. This cluster serves as a model for the splitting of water by energy obtained from sunlight. The recent published data on the mechanism and the structure of photosystem II provide a detailed architecture of the oxygen-evolving complex and the surrounding amino acids. Biomimetically, we expect to learn some strategies from this natural system to synthesize an efficient catalyst for water oxidation, that is necessary for artificial photosynthesis. 相似文献
15.
Sahng Ha Lee Jae Hong Kim Prof. Chan Beum Park 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(14):4392-4406
In green plants, solar‐energy utilization is accomplished through a cascade of photoinduced electron transfer, which remains a target model for realizing artificial photosynthesis. We introduce the concept of biocatalyzed artificial photosynthesis through coupling redox biocatalysis with photocatalysis to mimic natural photosynthesis based on visible‐light‐driven regeneration of enzyme cofactors. Key design principles for reaction components, such as electron donors, photosensitizers, and electron mediators, are described for artificial photosynthesis involving biocatalytic assemblies. Recent research outcomes that serve as a proof of the concept are summarized and current issues are discussed to provide a future perspective. 相似文献
16.
17.
Du P Kokhan O Chapman KW Chupas PJ Tiede DM 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(27):11096-11099
Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was applied for structural characterization of the cobalt oxide water-splitting catalyst films using high energy X-ray scattering. The catalyst was found to be composed of domains consistent with a cobalt dioxide lattice sheet structure, possibly containing a Co(4)O(4) cubane-type "defect". The analysis identifies the film to consist of domains composed of 13-14 cobalt atoms with distorted coordination geometries that can be modeled by alteration in terminal oxygen atom positions at the domain edge. Phosphate is seen as a disordered component in the films. This work establishes an approach that can be applied to study the structure of in situ cobalt oxide water-splitting film under functional catalytic conditions. 相似文献
18.
The development of green and renewable energy sources is in high demand due to energy shortage and productivity development. Artificial photosynthesis(AP) is one of the most effective ways to address the energy shortage and the greenhouse effect by converting solar energy into hydrogen and other carbon-based high value-added products through the understanding of the mechanism, structural analysis, and functional simulation of natural photosynthesis. In this review, the development of AP from natural catalysts to artificial catalysts is described, and the processes of oxygen production, hydrogen production, and carbon fixation are sorted out to understand the properties and correlations of the core functional components in natural photosynthesis, to provide a better rational design and optimization for further development of advanced heterogeneous materials. 相似文献
19.
Kyoji Kitamoto Prof. Ken Sakai 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(18):4618-4622
In order to solve the problems of global warming and shortage of fossil fuels, researchers have been endeavoring to achieve artificial photosynthesis: splitting water into H2 and O2 under solar light illumination. Our group has recently invented a unique system that drives photoinduced water reduction through “Z‐scheme” photosynthetic pathways. Nevertheless, that system still suffered from a low turnover number (TON) of the photocatalytic cycle (TON=4.1). We have now found and describe herein a new methodology to make significant improvements in the TON, up to around TON=14–27. For the new model systems reported herein, the quantum efficiency of the second photoinduced step in the Z‐scheme photosynthesis is dramatically improved by introducing multiviologen tethers to temporarily collect the high‐energy electron generated in the first photoinduced step. These are unique examples of “pigment–acceptor–catalyst triads”, which demonstrate a new effective type of artificial photosynthesis. 相似文献
20.
A High‐Energy Charge‐Separated State of 1.70 eV from a High‐Potential Donor–Acceptor Dyad: A Catalyst for Energy‐Demanding Photochemical Reactions
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Gary N. Lim Christopher O. Obondi Prof. Dr. Francis D'Souza 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(38):11517-11521
A high potential donor–acceptor dyad composed of zinc porphyrin bearing three meso‐pentafluorophenyl substituents covalently linked to C60, as a novel dyad capable of generating charge‐separated states of high energy (potential) has been developed. The calculated energy of the charge‐separated state was found to be 1.70 eV, the highest reported for a covalently linked porphyrin–fullerene dyad. Intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer leading to charge‐separated states of appreciable lifetimes in polar and nonpolar solvents has been established from studies involving femto‐ to nanosecond transient absorption techniques. The high energy stored in the form of charge‐separated states along with its persistence of about 50–60 ns makes this dyad a potential electron‐transporting catalyst to carry out energy‐demanding photochemical reactions. This type of high‐energy harvesting dyad is expected to open new research in the areas of artificial photosynthesis especially producing energy (potential) demanding light‐to‐fuel products. 相似文献