The topology of balls and Gromov hyperbolicity of Riemann surfaces

We prove that every ball in any non-exceptional Riemann surface with radius less or equal than is either simply or doubly connected. We use this theorem in order to study the hyperbolicity in the Gromov sense of Riemann surfaces. The results clarify the role of punctures and funnels of a Riemann surface in its hyperbolicity.     

Transonic shock and rarefaction wave interactions of two-dimensional Riemann problems for the self-similar nonlinear wave system

This paper addresses the self-similar transonic irrotational flow in gas dynamics in two space dimensions.We consider a configuration that the incident shock becomes a transonic shock as it enters the sonic circle, interacts with the rarefaction wave downstream, and then becomes sonic. The rarefaction wave further downstream becomes sonic (degenerate) creating an unknown boundary for the governing system. We present the Riemann data for this configuration, provide the characteristic decomposition of the system, and formulate the boundary value problem for this configuration. The numerical results are presented, and a method to establish the existence result is briefly discussed.     

Transitivity degrees of countable groups and acylindrical hyperbolicity

We prove that every countable acylindrically hyperbolic group admits a highly transitive action with finite kernel. This theorem uniformly generalizes many previously known results and allows us to answer a question of Garion and Glassner on the existence of highly transitive faithful actions of mapping class groups. It also implies that in various geometric and algebraic settings, the transitivity degree of an infinite group can only take two values, namely 1 and ∞. Here, by transitivity degree of a group we mean the supremum of transitivity degrees of its faithful permutation representations. Further, for any countable group G admitting a highly transitive faithful action, we prove the following dichotomy: Either G contains a normal subgroup isomorphic to the infinite alternating group or G resembles a free product from the model theoretic point of view. We apply this theorem to obtain new results about universal theory and mixed identities of acylindrically hyperbolic groups. Finally, we discuss some open problems.     

Riemann problems in FPU chains

We impose Riemann initial data to FPU chains and study the solutions on the hyperbolic macroscopic scale. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Sharp phase transition theorems for hyperbolicity of random groups

We prove that in various natural models of a random quotient of a group, depending on a density parameter, for each hyperbolic group there is some critical density under which a random quotient is still hyperbolic with high probability, whereas above this critical value a random quotient is very probably trivial. We give explicit characterizations of these critical densities for the various models.     

Metacyclic groups as automorphism groups of compact Riemann surfaces

Let X be a compact Riemann surface of genus \(g\ge 2\), and let G be a subgroup of \(\mathrm{Aut}(X)\). We show that if the Sylow 2-subgroups of G are cyclic, then \(|G|\le 30(g-1)\). If all Sylow subgroups of G are cyclic, then, with two exceptions, \(|G|\le 10(g-1)\). More generally, if G is metacyclic, then, with one exception, \(|G|\le 12(g-1)\). Each of these bounds is attained for infinitely many values of g.     

Nonuniqueness of solutions of Riemann problems

We investigate a general mechanism, utilizing nonclassical shock waves, for nonuniqueness of solutions of Riemann initial-value problems for systems of two conservation laws. This nonuniqueness occurs whenever there exists a pair of viscous shock waves forming a 2-cycle, i.e., two statesU ₁ andU ₂ such that a traveling wave leads fromU ₁ toU ₂ and another leads fromU ₂ toU ₁. We prove that a 2-cycle gives rise to an open region of Riemann data for which there exist multiple solutions of the Riemann problem, and we determine all solutions within a certain class. We also present results from numerical experiments that illustrate how these solutions arise in the time-asymptotic limit of solutions of the conservation laws, as augmented by viscosity terms.     

Parametrization of causal actions of universal covering groups and global hyperbolicity

The transformation group of the universal covering of the real projective line, obtained by lifting ordinary projective transformations, is given explicitly in terms of canonical coordinates. A similar formulation is given of the action of the universal covering of SU(2, 2) upon the universal covering of the ?hilov boundary of its associated bounded Hermitian symmetric domain, structured as R¹ × SU(2). The former group $\text{G}\text{?}$, isomorphic to $\text{S}\text{?}\text{U(1, 1)}$, has a unique and continuous bi-invariant global partial ordering ? (similar to that expressing space-time causality relations) corresponding to its bivariant Lorentzian metric; the partial ordering is the same as that induced by the ordering of the real line which the transformation group preserves. As an application, the compactness of the intervals $\text{[g}{}_1\text{, g}{}_2\text{] = {g ?}\text{G}\text{?}\text{: g}{}_1\text{? g ? g}{}_2\text{}}\text{for}\text{g}{}_1\text{, g}{}_2\text{?}\text{G}\text{?}$, necessary for global hyperbolicity of the metric, is studied. It is shown that [g₁, g₂] is compact if and only if g ? ζg₁ for all g in a neighborhood of g₂, where ζ is the generator of the center of $\text{G}\text{?}$ satisfying ζ ? e. In particular, the interior of [e, ζ] is a maximal open global hyperbolic submanifold; $\text{S}\text{?}\text{U(1, 1)}$ is not globally hyperbolic.     

On the Riemann Hilbert type problems in Clifford analysis

In this paper boundary value problems combining Jump — Riemann and Hilbert problems for monogenic functions in Ahlfors-David regular surfaces and in the upper half space respectively are investigated. The explicit formula of the solution is obtained.     

The Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and the discriminant of number fields

Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for the Dedekind zeta-function ${\zeta }_{\kappa }$, we obtain a formula for the discriminant $D_{\kappa /\mathbb{Q}}$ of the algebraic number field κ in terms of an integral of ${\zeta }_{\kappa }$ on the critical line.     

On the number of groups in clustering

Clustering is the problem of partitioning data into a finite number k of homogeneous and separate groups, called clusters. A good choice of k is essential for building meaningful clusters. In this paper, this task is addressed from the point of view of model selection via penalization. We design an appropriate penalty shape and derive an associated oracle-type inequality. The method is illustrated on both simulated and real-life data sets.     

Remarks on groups of bundle automorphisms over the Riemann sphere

A geometric characterization of the structure of the group of automorphisms of an arbitrary Birkhoff–Grothendieck bundle splitting \(\oplus _{i=1}^{r} \mathcal {O}(m_{i})\) over \(\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^{1}\) is provided, in terms of its action on a suitable space of generalized flags in the fibers over a finite subset \(S\subset \mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^{1}\). The relevance of such characterization derives from the possibility of constructing geometric models for diverse moduli spaces of stable objects in genus 0, such as parabolic bundles, parabolic Higgs bundles, and logarithmic connections, as collections of orbit spaces of parabolic structures and compatible geometric data satisfying a given stability criterion, under the actions of the different splitting types’ automorphism groups, that are glued in a concrete fashion. We illustrate an instance of such idea, on the existence of several natural representatives for the induced actions on the corresponding vector spaces of (orbits of) logarithmic connections with residues adapted to a parabolic structure.     

The full automorphism groups of hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces

For every integer g≥2 we obtain the complete list of groups acting as the full automorphisms groups on hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces of genus g. Partially supported by DGICYT PB 89-201 and Science Plan 910021 Partially supported by DGICYT PB 89/379/C02/01 and Science Plan 910021 Partially supported by DGICYT After the typing of this paper we have heard about a Ph.D. Thesis by Britta Krapp on questions related to the problem studied here.     

The groups of quasiconformal homeomorphisms on Riemann surfaces

Suppose is a connected Riemann surface. Let denote the homeomorphism group of with the compact-open topology, and denote the subgroup of quasiconformal mappings of onto itself, and let and denote the identity components of and respectively. In this paper we show that the pair is an -manifold, and determine their topological types.

     

Riemann problem and elementary wave interactions in isentropic magnetogasdynamics

In this paper, we consider the Riemann problem for a quasilinear hyperbolic system of equations governing the one dimensional unsteady simple wave flow of an isentropic, inviscid and perfectly conducting compressible fluid, subjected to a transverse magnetic field. This class of equations includes, as a special case, the equations of isentropic gasdynamics. We study the shock and rarefaction waves and their properties, and discuss the geometry of shock curves using the Riemann invariant coordinates. Under certain conditions, we show the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Riemann problem for arbitrary initial data, and then discuss the vacuum state in isentropic magnetogasdynamics. Finally, we discuss numerical results for different initial data, and discuss all possible interactions of elementary waves. It is noticed that although the magnetogasdynamic system is more complex than the corresponding gasdynamic system, all the parallel results remain identical. However, unlike the ordinary gasdynamic case, the solution inside rarefaction waves in magnetogasdynamics cannot be obtained directly and explicitly; indeed, it requires an extra iteration procedure. It is also observed that the presence of a magnetic field makes both the shock and rarefaction stronger compared to what they would have been in the absence of a magnetic field.     

Some Riemann boundary value problems in Clifford analysis

In this paper, we mainly study the R_m (m>0) Riemann boundary value problems for functions with values in a Clifford algebra C?(V_{3, 3}). We prove a generalized Liouville‐type theorem for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions by combining the growth behaviour estimates with the series expansions for k‐monogenic functions. We obtain the result under only one growth condition at infinity by using the integral representation formulas for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions. By using the Plemelj formula and the integral representation formulas, a more generalized Liouville theorem for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions are presented. Combining the Plemelj formula and the integral representation formulas with the above generalized Liouville theorem, we prove that the R_m (m>0) Riemann boundary value problems for monogenic functions, harmonic functions and biharmonic functions are solvable. Explicit representation formulas of the solutions are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bounds on the number of holomorphic maps of compact Riemann surfaces

We give bounds on the number of nonconstant holomorphic maps of compact Riemann surfaces of genera 1$">.