H2O在Fe3O4 (111)表面吸附的结构及热力学研究

使用密度泛函理论（GGA/PBE）对H₂O在Fe_tet1-和Fe_oct2-终结Fe₃O₄ (111)表面的吸附行为进行了研究。对于Fe_tet1-终结表面,在1/5 ML覆盖度下,带有氢键的H₂O分子以及异裂解离的结构具有最高的稳定性,而类似水合氢离子的OH₃⁺-OH结构出现在2/5 ML覆盖度下,其次为带有氢键的水的聚合体。这些结果与实验中观测到的现象一致。对于Fe_oct2-终结表面,在1/6 ML覆盖度下,分子态H₂O的吸附是有利的,而在1/3 ML覆盖度下多种吸附形式共存。H₂O吸附在Fe_tet1-终结表面比吸附在Fe_oct2-终结表面热力学上更有利。此外,通过计算局域态密度（LDOS）对吸附机理进行了分析。     

CO_2在Fe_3O_4(111)表面的吸附结构及能量研究（英文）

利用密度泛函理论研究了CO_2在Fe_3O_4(111)表面Fe_(tet1)和Fe_(oct2)两种终结的吸附行为。在Fe_(tet1)终结表面,当覆盖度为1/5 ML时,CO_2倾向于线性吸附;而在高覆盖度下,弯曲的CO_2与表面O作用形成CO_3~(2-)结构。在Fe_(oct2)终结表面,CO_2倾向于弯曲吸附,在1/6 ML和1/3 ML覆盖度时都可以形成CO_3~(2-)和-COO结构。覆盖度对Fe_(tet1)终结的表面影响很弱,但是对Fe_(oct2)终结的表面影响很大。从热力学上来说,CO_2在Fe_(oct2)终结表面的吸附要比Fe_(tet1)终结表面更有利。     

PO43-掺杂和AlF3包覆协同增强Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2正极材料电化学性能

本研究采用PO₄^3-掺杂和AlF₃包覆的协同改性策略制备了P-LNCM@AlF₃正极材料(P=PO₄^3-,LNCM=Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂),提高了LNCM的结构稳定性以及抑制了界面副反应。其中,大四面体的PO₄^3-聚阴离子掺杂在晶格中抑制了过渡金属离子的迁移,降低体积变化,从而稳定了晶体结构,而且PO₄^3-掺杂能够扩大锂层间距,促进Li⁺的扩散,从而提升材料的倍率性能。此外,AlF₃包覆层能抑制材料与电解液的副反应从而提升界面稳定性。基于以上优势,P-LNCM@AlF₃正极表现出了优异的电化学性能。在1C电流密度下表现出了179.2 mAh·g^-1     

实验参数对磁性AgI-BiOI/CoFe2 O4光催化剂湿法脱除Hg0的影响

采用水热-共沉淀法制备了一种新型的磁性AgI-BiOI/CoFe₂O₄复合材料光催化剂,考察了荧光灯辐照下光催化剂脱除模拟烟气中单质汞（Hg⁰）的性能,研究了实验参数对脱汞性能的影响及反应产物。结果表明,AgI-BiOI/CoFe₂O₄光催化剂的热稳定性较差,当煅烧温度超过400 ℃时该光催化剂的化学成分会发生变化;随着催化剂用量、反应溶液pH值、反应溶液温度和烟气中O₂浓度的增加,脱汞效率先增加后不变或下降;反应溶液中存在的CO₃^2-和SO₄^2-对脱汞效率有一定的抑制作用;当通入SO₂时,脱汞效率急剧下降;而NO对脱汞效率的抑制作用相对较小。反应产物分析表明,SO₂、NO和Hg⁰的最终氧化产物分别是SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和Hg²⁺     

SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂表面酸性质对正丁烷异构化反应性能的影响研究

采用“沉淀-浸渍”法制备一系列不同硫酸负载量的SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,利用N₂吸附-脱附、Py-FTIR、XRD等手段对催化剂进行表征。在常压、200 ℃、H₂：C₄=2：3和质量空速为3 h^-1的反应条件下,在固定床微型反应评价装置上考察了硫酸负载量对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化正丁烷异构化反应性能的影响。Py-FTIR结果表明,硫酸化处理为催化剂表面提供了丰富的Brønsted酸性位,其中,强Brønsted酸性位在正丁烷异构化反应中起重要作用,因此,硫酸化处理可显著提高正丁烷异构化活性,而Lewis酸性位与之没有直接关系。     

SO42-/ZrO2的制备工艺对催化橡胶籽油裂解油酯化的影响

以SO₄^2-/ZrO₂为催化剂对橡胶籽油裂解油进行甲酯化。研究了锆源、焙烧温度及焙烧时间对催化剂活性的影响,分别采用氨气吸附程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和吡啶红外(Py-IR)对固体酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂的酸性和酸型进行分析。实验结果表明,以ZrOCl₂为锆源,550℃焙烧4 h所得固体酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂的催化活性最好,性能较稳定。对酯化产物的组成及性能进行了考察,结果表明,酯化产物的各项性能均优于传统工艺制备的生物燃油,且与0^#柴油相近。     

不同碱处理制备多级孔HZSM-5催化剂及噻吩烷基化性能研究

用Na₂CO₃、TPAOH和TPA⁺/CO₃^2-混合碱分别处理HZSM-5分子筛,采用FT-IR、XRD、XRF、N₂吸附脱附、SEM、NH₃-TPD及Py-FTIR表征手段对各类碱处理前后的HZSM-5分子筛进行表征。结果表明,3种类型的碱处理HZSM-5分子筛后,均能形成微孔-介孔多级孔道的HZSM-5(A)催化剂,并能调变催化剂的酸性,其中,TPA⁺/CO₃^2-混合碱处理得到的HZSM-5(TPA⁺/CO₃^2-)催化剂,比表面积最大,介孔数量最多。在小型固定床反应器上,考察了HZSM-5和HZSM-5(A)催化剂的噻吩烷基化性能,结果表明,HZSM-5(TPA⁺/CO₃^2-)催化剂因为具有适当的多级孔孔道和较多的B酸中心而表现出较高的噻吩转化率和1-己烯对噻吩的选择性。     

基于密度泛函理论的CO2氧化含氮焦炭的机理研究

本研究基于密度泛函理论,选取简化的含吡咯氮（N-5）或吡啶氮（N-6）焦炭模型,在分子水平上对CO₂氧化含氮焦炭的异相反应机理进行研究。结构优化采用B3LYP-D3/6-31G（d）方法,单点能计算采用B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP方法。计算结果表明,CO₂氧化含氮焦炭过程分为CO₂吸附、CO脱附和NO脱附三个阶段。CO₂异相氧化含吡咯氮焦炭的反应中,CO₂分子倾向于以C-O-down模式（N-O结合、C-C结合）吸附形成含氮和氧的五元杂环结构。然后五元环中原CO₂分子的C-O键断裂形成表面羰基和表面氮氧结构,分别解吸附出CO和NO。该反应吸热401.2 kJ/mol,决速步能垒为197.6 kJ/mol。CO₂异相氧化含吡啶氮焦炭的反应中,CO₂分子以C-O-down和C-C结合、C-O结合模式吸附后倾向于先形成含氮和氧的六元杂环,再发生CO和NO分子的脱附。该反应吸收598.6 kJ/mol的热量,决速...     

Fe促进的Pt@CeO2催化剂用于CO2加氢制C1产品

在Pt@CeO₂核壳纳米球表面引入过渡金属助剂,探究了不同过渡金属的引入对其CO₂加氢性能的影响.研究结果表明,Fe物种的引入对加氢性能的提升效果最佳,液体C₁产率达到6.34×10^-2 mmol·g^-1_cat.·h^-1.透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N₂吸附-脱附实验、CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)和H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等表征结果表明,Fe物种在Pt@CeO₂表面均匀分散,且Fe的存在降低了Pt物种的电荷密度,产生了更多的Pt²⁺物种,提高了产物中甲醇的选择性.此外,Fe的存在还促进了更多氧空位(O_v)的形成,进而促进了对CO₂的吸附及后续的加氢反应,提高了催化活性.     

Pd含量对SO42-/ZrO2-WO3固体超强酸催化剂其异构化性能的影响

制备了Pd-SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-WO₃型固体超强酸催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR、TPR、XPS、BET和TG-DTA等表征手段对催化剂进行了表征。以正戊烷异构化为探针反应,考察了Pd含量对催化剂异构化活性的影响。结果表明,Pd可以明显地降低催化剂的还原温度,提高催化剂中SO₄^2-的分解温度,从而提高了催化剂热稳定性。当Pd质量分数为0.05%时,Pd-SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-WO₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最好。该催化剂在反应温度260℃、反应压力2.0 MPa、质量空速为1.0 h^-1、氢油比为4.0时,异戊烷收率和液收率为40.1%和93.9%。     

Density function theory study of CO adsorption on Fe3O4(111) surface

Density functional theory calculations have been carried out for CO adsorption on the Fe(oct2)- and Fe(tet1)-terminated Fe(3)O(4)(111) surfaces, which are considered as active catalysts in water-gas shift reaction. It is found that the on-top configurations are most stable on these two surfaces. Some bridge configurations are also stable in which the new C-O bond formed between the surface O atom and the C atom of CO. The adsorption on the Fe(oct2)-terminated surface is more stable than on the Fe(tet1)-terminated surface. The density of state reveals the binding mechanism of CO adsorption on the two surfaces. Our calculations have also shown that the absorbed CO can migrate from the on-top site to the bridge site or 3-fold site. The oxidation of CO via surface oxygen atoms is feasible, which is in good agreement with experimental results.     

Pt adsorption on the PbTiO3(110) polar surface: a density functional theory study

The monolayer (ML) and submonolayer Pt on both terminations of PbTiO₃(110) polar surface have been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) with projector‐augmented wave(PAW) potential and a supercell approach. The most favored ML Pt arrangements on PbTiO and O₂ terminations are the hollow site and the short‐bridge site, respectively. By examining the geometries of different ML arrangements, we know that the dominant impetus for stability of the favored adsorption site for PbTiO termination is the Pt–Ti interaction (mainly from covalent bonding), while that for O₂ termination is the Pt–O interaction (mainly from ionic bonding). In addition, the appearance of the gap electronic states in the outermost layers of each termination indicates that a channel for charge transfer between adsorbed layer and substrate is formed. Moreover, the interface hybridization between Pt 5d and O 2p orbitals is also observed, especially for ML Pt on O₂ termination. The stability sequences for various arrangements of 1/2 ML Pt adsorption conform well with those of ML Pt adsorption, and the most stable arrangement is energetically more favorable than the corresponding ML coverage in the view of adsorption energy maximization. The behavior, i.e. the increase in adsorption energy with decrease in coverage, indicates that Pt? Pt interactions weaken those between Pt and the substrate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PAN-based activated carbon nanofiber/metal oxide composites for CO2 and CH4 adsorption: influence of metal oxide

In the present study, we successfully prepared two different electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based-activated carbon nanofiber (ACNF) composites by incorporation of well-distributed Fe₂O₃ and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs). The influence of metal oxide on the structural, morphological, and textural properties of final composites was thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the morphological and textural properties could be easily tuned by changing the metal oxide NPs. Even though, the ACNF composites were not chemically activated by any activation agent, they presented relatively high surface areas (S_BET) calculated by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation as 212.21 and 185.12 m²/g for ACNF/Fe₂O₃ and ACNF/Co₃O₄ composites, respectively. Furthermore, the ACNF composites were utilized as candidate adsorbents for CO₂ and CH₄ adsorption. The ACNF/Fe₂O₃ and ACNF/Co₃O₄ composites resulted the highest CO₂ adsorption capacities of 1.502 and 2.166 mmol/g at 0 °C, respectively, whereas the highest CH₄ adsorption capacities were obtained to be 0.516 and 0.661 mmol/g at 0 °C by ACNF/Fe₂O₃ and ACNF/Co₃O₄ composites, respectively. The isosteric heats calculated lower than 80 kJ/mol showed that the adsorption processes of CO₂ and CH₄ were mainly dominated by physical adsorption for both ACNF composites. Our findings indicated that ACNF-metal oxide composites are useful materials for designing of CO₂ and CH₄ adsorption systems.     

Adsorption behavior of <Superscript>99</Superscript>Tc on Fe,Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> and Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>

Summary The adsorption of ⁹⁹Tc on the adsorbers Fe, Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ was studied by batch experiments under aerobic and anoxic conditions. The effects of pH and CO₃^2- concentration of the simulated ground water on the adsorption ratios were also investigated, and the valences of Tc in solution after the adsorption equilibrium were studied by solvent extraction. The adsorption isotherms of TcO₄- on the adsorbers Fe, Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ were determined. Experimental results have shown that the adsorption ratio of Tc on Fe decreases with the increase of pH in the range of 5-12 and increases with the decrease of the CO₃^2- concentration in the range of 10^-8M-10^-2M. Under aerobic conditions, the adsorption ratios of ⁹⁹Tc on Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ were not influenced by pH and CO₃^2-concentration. When Fe was used as adsorbent, Tc existed mainly in the form of Tc(IV) after equilibrium and in the form of Tc(VII) when the adsorbent was Fe₂O₃ or Fe₃O₄ under aerobic conditions. The adsorption ratios of Tc on Fe, Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ decreased with the increase of pH in the range of 5-12 and increased with the decrease of the CO₃^2- concentration in the range of 10^-8M-10^-2M under anoxic conditions. Tc existed mainly in the form of Tc(IV) after equilibrium when Fe, Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ was the adsorbent under anoxic conditions. The adsorption isotherms of TcO_4- on the adsorbers Fe, Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ are fairly in agreement with the Freundlich’s equation under both aerobic and anoxic conditions.     

Nb(110)表面氧原子覆盖度对氧分子解离的影响

用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了Nb(110)表面氧原子覆盖度分别为0.25、0.50、0.75 和1.00单层时对氧分子解离的影响. 结果表明, 在氧原子覆盖度不大于0.50单层时, 由于氧分子和表面铌原子的较强相互作用, 使它们能够自发解离. 然而在氧原子覆盖度为0.75单层时, 氧分子只能够在未占据的洞位附近解离, 同时发生严重的晶格畸变. 在形成一个氧原子单层后(1.00 单层), 氧分子只能弱吸附在Nb(100)表面上,此时氧原子向内扩散成为氧分子继续解离的速率决定步骤. 这些结果从理论上解释了在形成一个氧原子单层后, Nb(110)表面氧分子吸收速率迅速下降的原因.     

Structure Sensitivity of CO Oxidation on Co3O4: A DFT Study

The reaction mechanism of CO oxidation on the Co₃O₄ (110) and Co₃O₄ (111) surfaces is investigated by means of spin‐polarized density functional theory (DFT) within the GGA+U framework. Adsorption situation and complete reaction cycles for CO oxidation are clarified. The results indicate that 1) the U value can affect the calculated energetic result significantly, not only the absolute adsorption energy but also the trend in adsorption energy; 2) CO can directly react with surface lattice oxygen atoms (O_2f/O_3f) to form CO₂ via the Mars–van Krevelen reaction mechanism on both (110)‐B and (111)‐B; 3) pre‐adsorbed molecular O₂ can enhance CO oxidation through the channel in which it directly reacts with molecular CO to form CO₂ [O₂(a)+CO(g)→CO₂(g)+O(a)] on (110)‐A/(111)‐A; 4) CO oxidation is a structure‐sensitive reaction, and the activation energy of CO oxidation follows the order of Co₃O₄ (111)‐A(0.78 eV)>Co₃O₄ (111)‐B (0.68 eV)>Co₃O₄ (110)‐A (0.51 eV)>Co₃O₄ (110)‐B (0.41 eV), that is, the (110) surface shows higher reactivity for CO oxidation than the (111) surface; 5) in addition to the O_2f, it was also found that Co³⁺ is more active than Co²⁺, so both O_2f and Co³⁺ control the catalytic activity of CO oxidation on Co₃O₄, as opposed to a previous DFT study which concluded that either Co³⁺ or O_2f is the active site.     

Effects of coverage and solvent on H2S adsorption on the Cu(100) surface: A DFT study

Density functional theory is used to investigate the effects of coverage and solvent on the adsorption of H₂S on the Cu(100) surface. In this work, the adsorption energies, structural parameters and Mulliken charges of the adsorbed H₂S are calculated. The results show that when the coverage of H₂S is high (1 ML), H₂S molecule cannot adsorb on the Cu(100) surface spontaneously, and the decomposition of H₂S preferentially occurs at the bridge site. When the coverage decreases to 1/4 ML coverage, H₂S molecule does not exhibit the decomposition, but bonds to the top Cu atom with the tilted adsorption. Furthermore, when the coverage is 1/9, 1/16 and 1/25 ML, H₂S adsorption remains stable. In addition, the stability of H₂S adsorption on the Cu(100) surface improves rapidly when the solvent dielectric constant (ε) increases from 1 to 12.3 corresponding to the vacuum and pyridine, respectively. For the higher ε (≥24.3), the effect of the solvent on the H₂S adsorption was greatly reduced. In this work, both coverage and solvent are shown to have an important effect on the H₂S adsorption on the Cu(100) surface, which might be useful to improve the future similar simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical equilibria involved in the oxygen-releasing step of manganese ferrite water-splitting thermochemical cycle

Sodium ferrimanganite carbonatation reaction was investigated at different temperatures/carbon dioxide partial pressures to evaluate the feasibility of the thermochemical water-splitting cycle based on the MnFe₂O₄/Na₂CO₃/Na(Mn_1/3Fe_2/3)O₂ system.After thermal treatments in selected experimental conditions, the obtained powder samples were investigated by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Rietveld analysis.Two different lamellar Na_1−xMn_1/3Fe_2/3O_2−δ phases were observed together with the expected MnFe₂O₄/Na₂CO₃ mixture. Different equilibrium regions among sodium-depleted lamellar phases, manganese ferrite and sodium carbonate were found as a function of the different reaction conditions. A hypothesis concerning the regeneration mechanism of the initial compounds is proposed. Chemical equilibrium between stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric forms of sodium ferrimanganite and sodium carbonate formation/dissociation appears to be essential factors governing the oxygen-releasing step of the manganese ferrite thermochemical cycle.     

Adsorption of uranium ions from aqueous solution by amine-group functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle

The magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle was functionalized by covalently grafting amine group with (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane, and the Fe₃O₄–NH₂ nanoparticle and the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction. And the results indicated the amine-group was immobilized successfully on the surface of Fe₃O₄. The adsorption behavior of uranium from aqueous solution by the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle and the Fe₃O₄–NH₂ nanoparticle was investigated using batch experiments. The pH of initial aqueous solution at 5.0 and 6.0 were in favour of adsorption of uranium, and the adsorption percentage of uranium by the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle and the Fe₃O₄–NH₂ nanoparticle were 81.2 and 95.6 %, respectively. In addition, the adsorption of uranium ions could be well-described by the Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second kinetic models. The monolayer adsorption maximum capacity of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle and the Fe₃O₄–NH₂ nanoparticle were 85.35 and 268.49 mg/g at 298.15 K, respectively, which indicate the adsorption capacity the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle was improved by amine functionalization.