TiO2负载Mn-Co复合氧化物催化剂上NO催化氧化性能

氮氧化物(NO_x)是大气主要污染物之一, 主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧, 其中NO不溶于水难以去除, 催化氧化技术可以将NO氧化为易溶于水可被脱硫装置去除的NO₂, 具有十分重要的实际意义. 本文采用浸渍法制备了不同Mn掺杂量的Mn-Co/TiO₂复合金属氧化物催化剂, 考察了其催化NO氧化的活性. 结果表明, Mn的掺杂对Co/TiO₂催化剂催化NO氧化的活性有明显促进作用, 掺杂量为6%时, Mn(0.3)-Co(0.7)/TiO₂催化剂NO的转化效率最高, 300℃达到88%. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附/脱附、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、O₂程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外(in-situ DRFTIR)光谱等技术对催化剂的物理化学特征进行了表征. 结果发现, 当掺杂量为6%时, Mn一方面促进了催化剂表面活性组分的分散, 增加了催化剂的比表面积和孔径; 另一方面提高了催化剂的还原性能, 促进氧的低温脱附, 此外还促进了反应中间产物桥式NO-3向NO₂的反应, 从而提高了Co/TiO₂催化剂的NO氧化活性.     

Deoxydesulfurization of dibenzothiophene sulfone over cesium/MCM-41 catalysts

Dibenzothiophene sulfone, one of the products of the oxidative desulfurization of heavy oil, can be utilized through catalytic cracking. The object of the present study is to provide Cs/MCM-41 catalysts for the removal of sulfur dioxide from dibenzothiophene sulfone. Cesium oxide was deposited via an impregnation method on MCM-41, and the catalytic performances of the samples were investigated during the deoxydesulfurization of dibenzothiophene sulfone to biphenyl and sulfur dioxide gas. The influence of cesium loading on the basic properties of MCM-41 was estimated by the temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide. The dibenzothiophene sulfone conversions of the MCM-41, Cs(1 wt%)/MCM-41, Cs(3 wt%)/MCM-41 and Cs(10 wt%)/MCM-41 catalysts were 38.5, 52.1, 72.4 and 40.9%, respectively, which implies that the Cs(3 wt%)/MCM-41 catalyst has the highest activity. This result agrees with the finding of the basicity enhancement of MCM-41 with the addition of cesium, in which Cs(3 wt%)/MCM-41 exhibited a maximum number of basic sites.     

Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of toluene over Mn–Co–O/Ce<Subscript>0.65</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>0.35</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> mixed oxide catalysts

Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ was prepared by co-precipitation method and a series of Mn_1-yCo_y/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ catalysts with different Mn/Co molar ratio were synthesized via the co-impregnation method. These catalysts were applied for gaseous toluene oxidation, which showed that the catalytic activity was significantly improved by the addition of Mn and Co. In particular, Mn–Co(1:1)/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ with Mn/Co molar ratio of 1:1 displayed the best result with the lowest complete conversion temperature of 242 °C under a GHSV of 12,000 h^?1. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, N₂ adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and O₂ temperature-programmed desorption. These characteristics revealed that the coexistence of Mn and Co could enhance the redox property and generate more surface adsorbed oxygen, thereby improving the performance of the catalysts for toluene low-temperature oxidation. The Mn–Co(1:1)/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ exhibited the best catalytic activity and high stability. The excellent catalytic activity of the Mn–Co(1:1)/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ could be ascribed to a greater amount of surface adsorbed oxygen species and Mn⁴⁺ on the catalyst surface.     

Plasma-Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene on MnxOy at Atmospheric Pressure and Room Temperature

Mn_xO_y/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared via the impregnation method and utilized for toluene removal in dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption–desorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, and O₂ temperature-programmed desorption methods. The characterization results indicated that manganese loading did not influence the 2D-hexagonal mesoporous structure of SBA-15. The catalyst had various oxidation states of manganese (Mn²⁺, Mn³⁺, and Mn⁴⁺), with Mn³⁺ being the dominant oxidation state. Toluene removal was investigated in the environment of pure N₂ and 80 % N₂ + 20 % O₂ plasma, showing that the toluene removal efficiency and CO₂ selectivity were noticeably increased by Mn_xO_y/SBA-15, especially in the presence of 5 % Mn/SBA-15. This activity was closely related to the high dispersion of 5 % Mn on SBA-15 and the lowest reduction temperature exhibited by this catalyst. Mn loading increased the yield of CO₂ in the N₂ plasma and promoted the deep oxidation of toluene. During toluene oxidation, oxygen exchange might follow a pathway, wherein bulk oxygen was released from the Mn_xO_y/SBA-15 surface; gas-phase O₂ subsequently filled up the vacancies created on the oxide. Each of the manganese oxidation states played an important role; Mn₂O₃ was considered as a bridge for oxygen exchange between the gas phase and the catalyst, and Mn₃O₄ mediated transfer of oxygen between the catalyst and toluene.     

Ce掺杂对碳纳米管负载Mn催化剂结构及SCR反应性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)负载Ce-Mn的催化剂,考察了Ce掺杂对Mn/MWCNTs催化剂上NH₃选择性催化还原(SCR)NO_x反应活性的影响.并运用透射电镜扫描、N₂吸附-脱附、程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射等手段,重点考察了Ce掺杂对Mn/MWCNTs催化剂结构性质的影响.结果表明,Ce掺杂能显著提高催化剂的SCR活性,其活性增量随着Ce含量的增加先增大后减小;当Ce/Mn为0.6时,催化剂活性最佳.表征结果显示,Mn/MWCNTs中添加Ce后,金属氧化物在MWCNTs上的分散程度提高;催化剂的比表面积和孔体积增大,平均孔径减小;氧化能力提高;表面氧含量增加,Mn化合价升高;结晶度降低,Mn主要以无定形或微晶形式存在,Ce主要以CeO₂物相存在.     

Ho改性的Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂低温脱硝性能的评价和表征

作为引起酸雨、光化学烟雾、雾霾等大气污染问题的主要根源,氮氧化物(NOx)的防治已成为亟待解决的问题.选择性催化还原技术作为最成熟有效的脱硝技术,目前已经被广泛应用于各燃煤电厂.低温脱硝催化剂具有优秀的低温活性,使得脱硝装置可以安放在脱硫装置和除尘装置下游,受到了学者广泛的研究.目前低温脱硝催化剂的研究主要是对催化剂进行改性以提高催化剂的性能,已有许多研究报道了Sn、Ni、Co、Zr、Cr、Ni等对催化剂的改性影响.Ho作为一种改性元素被应用于光催化领域,能提高TiO2的光催化能力.但Ho应用于脱硝领域的研究鲜有报道,其氧化物具有酸性位点有助于脱硝反应,因此研究Ho对低温SCR催化剂的改性作用具有重要意义.本文采用浸渍法制备Ho掺杂的Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂,研究了Ho的掺杂对于Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂低温脱硝性能的影响,同时还研究了烟气中的SO2和H2O对催化剂活性的影响,并利用XPS、XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等表征方法从物理性质和化学性质两方面对Ho改性的影响机理进行了研究.研究发现,Ho的掺杂能提高Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂的脱硝能力,有助于催化剂N2选择性的提高.分析表明,Ho的掺杂有助于催化剂比表面积的提升,且能提高催化剂的酸性,有利于催化剂对NH3的吸附,从而提高催化剂的性能.XPS表征结果表明Ho掺杂后的催化剂具有更高的化学吸附氧浓度和较高的Mn4+/Mn3+比例, 使得脱硝反应更容易进行.改性后催化剂的抗水抗硫实验结果表明,Ho的掺杂能够提高催化剂的抗水抗硫性能.XRD结果表明,抗水抗硫实验后催化剂表面形成了硫酸铵盐,硫酸铵盐的形成会堵塞催化剂表面的活性位,限制脱硝反应的进行,从而影响催化剂的脱硝活性.同时,400°C下进行再生实验后的催化剂活性有所恢复,但是未能达到抗水抗硫实验前的活性,表明在抗水抗硫实验中催化剂表面形成了除硫酸铵盐以外的其他硫酸盐类.结合XPS和XRD表征结果,推断生成的盐类物质为硫酸锰和硫酸铈,从而导致再生后的催化剂的脱硝活性无法恢复到最初的活性水平.由此可以看出,硫酸盐的形成是催化剂在含硫气氛中失活的主要原因.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene with CO2 over Al-MCM-41-supported vanadia catalysts

Catalytic performance of Al-MCM-41-supported vanadia catalysts (V/Al-MCM-41) with different V loading was investigated for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene (ST) with CO₂ (CO₂-ODEB). For comparison, pure silica MCM-41 was also used as support for vanadia catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pyridine-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Raman, and diffuse reflectance (DR) UV–vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that the catalytic behavior and the nature of V species depend strongly on the V loading and the support properties. Compared with the MCM-41-supported catalyst, the Al-MCM-41-supported vanadia catalyst exhibits much higher catalytic activity and stability along with a high ST selectivity (>98%). The superior catalytic performance of the present V/Al-MCM-41 catalyst can be attributed to the Al-MCM-41 support being more favorable for the high dispersion of V species and the stabilization of active V⁵⁺ species. Together with the characterization results of XRD, TGA, and DR UV–Vis spectroscopy, the deep reduction of V⁵⁺ into V³⁺ during CO₂-ODEB is the main reason for the deactivation of the supported vanadia catalyst, while the coke deposition has a less important impact on the catalyst stability.     

Light olefins and light oil production from catalytic pyrolysis of waste tire

This paper investigates the catalytic activity of MCM-41 synthesized via silatrane route and Ru/MCM-41 in waste tire pyrolysis. The experimental results showed that the presence of catalysts strongly influenced the yield and nature of products. Namely, the gas yield increased at the expense of liquid yield. In addition, a considerable high yield of light olefins, 4 times higher than non-catalytic pyrolysis, can be achieved for Ru/MCM-41 catalyst. Furthermore, the uses of catalysts produced much lighter oil and there was a drastic increase in the concentration of single ring aromatics in accordance to a reduction in polycyclic aromatic compounds in the derived oils. Ru/MCM-41 produced the lightest oil and the oil has the highest concentration of mono-aromatics. The high activity of catalysts, particularly Ru/MCM-41 was discussed in relation with the catalyst characterization results obtained from various techniques including TPD-NH₃, H₂-chemisorption, XRD, N₂-adsorption/desorption analysis, and TPO.     

镍磷物质的量比对负载型Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂结构及加氢脱硫性能的影响

以MCM-41为载体,采用一种简捷、温和法制备了负载型Ni₂P/MCM-41催化剂。用H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附比表面积测定(BET)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析对催化剂进行了表征。以1%(质量分数)二苯并噻吩(DBT)的十氢萘溶液为原料,在连续固定床反应装置上,研究了初始Ni/P物质的量比对催化剂HDS活性的影响,并考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,初始Ni/P物质的量比为1/2和1/3的前驱体,在390 ℃下还原时得到单一的Ni₂P相。初始Ni/P物质的量为1/2时,得到的催化剂活性最好。在反应温度340 ℃、压力3.0 MPa、氢/油体积比500、质量空速2.0 h^-1时,DBT的转化率接近100%。     

Nature of active sites in the cobalt-zirconium oxide catalyst

The temperature-programmed reduction, powder X-ray diffraction, and oxygen adsorption methods were applied to study the phase composition and the nature of the active surface of the catalyst Co(10%)/ZrO₂. The results of the physicochemical studies were compared with the data on the activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H₂. The mechanism for the reduction of the cobalt phases in the Co(10%)/ZrO₂ system was proposed. The main features governing the formation of active sites of the synthesis of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons were considered.     

富氧条件下 Mn/ZSM-5 选择催化 CH4 还原 NO

 考察了富氧条件下 Mn/ZSM-5 催化剂上 CH₄ 选择催化还原 NO 反应, 并采用 H2程序升温还原、SO2程序升温表面反应和 NO程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 催化剂活性与制备方法和 Mn 负载量密切相关. 离子交换法制备的 Mn/ZSM-5 催化剂活性明显优于浸渍法制备的催化剂; NO 转化率随着 Mn 负载量的增加而增加, 至 2.06% 时达到最大值 (57.3%), 然后随着 Mn 负载量的增加而降低. 采用离子交换法或较低 Mn 负载量 (≤ 2.06%) 抑制了催化剂中非化学计量的 MnO_x (1.5 < x < 2) 物种的形成, 减缓了 CH₄ 的氧化燃烧反应, 因而 CH₄ 还原 NO 的选择性提高. 在含 SO₂ 体系中, Mn/ZSM-5 活性在 550 ^oC 以下时明显下降, 但在 600 ^oC 以上基本不受影响. 这是由于在 550 ^oC 以下时 SO₂ 在 Mn/ZSM-5 表面形成了稳定的吸附硫物种, 覆盖了部分活性位, 导致催化剂活性降低; 而在 600 ^oC 以上时含硫物种基本脱附完全, 因而对催化剂活性影响不大.     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价, 并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3, PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能. 发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性. 实验结果表明, 纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原, 导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低. 用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用, 提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性. 并且, 积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度, 故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性. PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能可能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关, 而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

Cr掺杂的丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸高效催化剂

在丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸催化剂MoVTeNbOx的活性相M1基础上掺杂一定量的Cr,当Cr/Nb摩尔比为0.002时,催化剂具有很高的丙烯酸选择性(78.3%)和收率(50.7%);并采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、程序升温还原、O2程序升温脱附、NH3程序升温脱附和异丙醇氧化等手段对催化剂的构效关系进行了探讨.结果表明,适量Cr的添加可调节催化剂表面Mo6+,V5+和Te4+等物种含量,提高催化剂的氧化能力,使丙烷转化率增加.同时,适量Cr的添加使得催化剂表面酸强度下降,酸性位点数量减少,从而抑制丙烯酸的深度氧化,提高了丙烯酸选择性.     

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene over CuCl/MCM-41 catalysts

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene over two kinds of CuCl/MCM-41 catalysts prepared by a dispersion method has been studied. It was found that CuCl/AlMCM-41 exhibits substantially higher activity over CuCl/SiMCM-41. Characterization of these samples by H₂-TPR, IR and XRD showed that the active copper species were mainly related to Cu²⁺ and Cu⁺ ions in CuCl/AlMCM-41 catalyst.     

Promotional effect of Ce on the SCR of NO with NH<Subscript>3</Subscript> at low temperature over MnO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> supported by nitric acid-modified activated carbon

Different amounts of Mn and Ce oxides were loaded onto nitric acid-modified activated carbon (ACN) by wet impregnation. The series of catalysts were employed for the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x by NH₃ at temperatures between 100 and 250 °C. Cerium-modified catalysts exhibited higher de-NO _x performance than those modified with Mn/ACN, even with the same total loadings. The precursor solution with a molar ratio for Ce/(Mn + Ce) of 0.4 exhibited the highest catalytic activity. Enhanced resistance to SO₂ and H₂O and better stability were observed for 10%Mn–Ce(0.4)/ACN relative to 10%Mn/ACN. The catalysts were further characterized by N₂ physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD). The N₂ physisorption and XRD results suggested that co-doping Ce with Mn increased the surface area and promoted the dispersion of Mn–Ce binary metal oxides. H₂-TPR the NH₃-TPD results demonstrated that the interaction between manganese oxide and cerium oxide species enhanced the redox and surface acidity of 10%Mn–Ce(0.4)/ACN.     

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Mn/Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts: relationships between preparation method, molecular structure, and catalyst performance

The effects of the addition of manganese to a series of TiO(2)-supported cobalt Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts prepared by different methods were studied by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy at the Co and Mn K-edges. After calcination, the catalysts were generally composed of large Co(3)O(4) clusters in the range 15-35 nm and a MnO(2)-type phase, which existed either dispersed on the TiO(2) surface or covering the Co(3)O(4) particles. Manganese was also found to coexist with the Co(3)O(4) in the form of Co(3-x)Mn(x)O(4) solutions, as revealed by XRD and XAFS. Characterization of the catalysts after H(2) reduction at 350 degrees C by XAFS and TEM showed mostly the formation of very small Co(0) particles (around 2-6 nm), indicating that the cobalt phase tends to redisperse during the reduction process from Co(3)O(4) to Co(0). The presence of manganese was found to hamper the cobalt reducibility, with this effect being more severe when Co(3-x)Mn(x)O(4) solutions were initially present in the catalyst precursors. Moreover, the presence of manganese generally led to the formation of larger cobalt agglomerates ( approximately 8-15 nm) upon reduction, probably as a consequence of the decrease in cobalt reducibility. The XAFS results revealed that all reduced catalysts contained manganese entirely in a Mn(2+) state, and two well-distinguished compounds could be identified: (1) a highly dispersed Ti(2)MnO(4)-type phase located at the TiO(2) surface and (2) a less dispersed MnO phase being in the proximity of the cobalt particles. Furthermore, the MnO was also found to exist partially mixed with a CoO phase in the form of rock-salt Mn(1-x)Co(x)O-type solid solutions. The existence of the later solutions was further confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) for a Mn-rich sample. Finally, the cobalt active site composition in the catalysts after reduction at 300 and 350 degrees C was linked to the catalytic performances obtained under reaction conditions of 220 degrees C, 1 bar, and H(2)/CO = 2. The catalysts with larger Co(0) particles ( approximately >5 nm) and lower Co reduction extents displayed a higher intrinsic hydrogenation activity and a longer catalyst lifetime. Interestingly, the MnO and Mn(1-x)Co(x)O species effectively promoted these larger Co(0) particles by increasing the C(5+) selectivity and decreasing the CH(4) production, while they did not significantly influence the selectivity of the catalysts containing very small Co(0) particles.     

Surface characterization and catalytic evaluation of copper-promoted Al-MCM-41 toward hydroxylation of phenol

The Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) containing Cu and Al with Si/Al ratios varying from 100 to 10 and 1 to 6 wt.% of Cu was synthesized under hydrothermal and impregnation conditions, respectively. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al magic-angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS–NMR) spectra. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the modified materials retain the standard MCM-41 structure. TPR patterns show the two-step reduction of Cu species. TPD study shows that Cu-impregnated Al-MCM-41 samples are more acidic than Al-MCM-41. From the MAS–NMR it was confirmed that most of the Al atoms are present tetrahedrally within the framework and some are present octahedrally in extraframework position. Impregnation of Cu shifted Al to the extraframework position. The catalytic activity of the samples toward hydroxylation of phenol in aqueous medium was evaluated using H₂O₂ as the oxidant at 80 °C. The effects of reaction parameters such as temperature, catalyst amount, amount of H₂O₂, and solvent were also investigated. Sample containing 4 wt.% copper-loaded Al-MCM-41-100 showed high phenol conversion (78%) with 68% catechol and 32% hydroquinone selectivity.     

Heterogenization of [Ti(η-C5HMe4)Cl3] on to MCM-41 and organomodified MCM-41 to form epoxidation catalyst

This paper describes the heterogenization of a tetramethylmonocyclopentadienyl titanium (IV) trichloride complex, [Ti(η⁵-C₅HMe₄)Cl₃] onto mesoporous MCM-41. Its immobilization has been performed via a straightforward grafting process of the organometallic precursor in the pores of an MCM-41 host material and by reaction with previously organomodified MCM-41 material with a hydroxyl triazine based compound. Applying all-silica MCM-41 hosts, stable and heterogeneous liquid-phase epoxidation catalysts are obtained. Powder X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis indicated that the structural integrity of the support has been preserved during the titanium complex immobilization. These materials have been also extensively characterized using diffuse reflectance UV-vis, ¹³C and ²⁸Si MAS NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. With these techniques the strong adsorption of the intact catalytic complex within an all-silica MCM-41 host is demonstrated. These materials have been tested as catalyst for the epoxidation of aliphatic and aromatic alkenes with TBHP as oxidant exhibiting a significant selectivity toward the epoxide with negligible leaching of titanium species. The conversion values are moderated, being the olefin trend reactivity 1-octene > cyclohexene > styrene.     

Promotion of Mn Doped Co/CNTs Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation to Light Olefins

With various contents, Mn was introduced into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported cobalt catalysts and the obtained Mn‐Co/CNTs catalysts were investigated for CO hydrogenation to light alkenes and characterized by N₂ adsorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), H₂ temperature programmed reduction (TPR), CO temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results indicate that the addition of a small amount of Mn (0.3 wt%) to CNTs‐supported Co catalyst significantly increased the selectivity of C₂–C₄ olefins and decreased the selectivity of CH₄. However, with further addition of Mn to the cobalt catalysts, the CH₄ selectivity decreased obviously along with the increase of the C₅₊ selectivity. Compared with the unpromoted catalysts, the Mn‐promoted cobalt catalysts increased the C₂^?–C₄^?/C₂⁰–C₄⁰ molar ratio.     

碳助剂对完全液相法制备的 Cu-Zn-Al 催化剂性能的影响

 采用完全液相法制备了 Cu-Zn-Al 催化剂, 研究了碳纳米管和碳微球的加入对该催化剂 CO 加氢合成低碳醇反应性能的影响, 并用 X 射线粉末衍射、氮气吸附、氢气程序升温还原和氨气程序升温脱附-质谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 用完全液相法制备的 Cu-Zn-Al 甲醇合成催化剂具有一定的合成低碳醇和低碳烃的能力, 这种能力归结于较大 Cu0 晶粒的产生. 一定量碳微球的加入可大大减小 Cu0 晶粒度, 从而大幅度提高甲醇选择性.