寄生虚反射对外差干涉椭偏测量的影响

研究了一种采用横向塞曼激光器并且没有任何运动部件的外差干涉椭偏测量系统。由非理想的激光源、偏振分光镜等器件所产生的非线性误差,是影响纳米测量精度的主要因素。采用琼斯矢量法,分析并建立了光学系统寄生虚反射所引入的误差模型,讨论了虚反射对误差漂移的影响。在不考虑其它误差因素的前提下,同一光路内部产生的同频率虚反射波对测量结果没有影响;而不同频率的参考光束与测量光束之间的交叉虚反射所产生的膜厚测量误差为亚纳米量级。讨论了消除和抑制虚反射误差的方法。     

减小外差干涉一次谐波非线性误差的方法

为了补偿激光外差干涉纳米测量中的非线性误差,提出了一种减小非线性误差的一次谐波方法。基于全反射理论分析了镀膜实体角锥棱镜反射光偏振特性,并由此推导出角锥棱镜反射光偏振特性及测量角锥棱镜以其运动方向为轴线的轴向旋转对激光外差干涉非线性误差一次谐波的影响模型。理论分析表明,测量角锥棱镜以其运动方向为轴线的轴向旋转会减小非线性误差一次谐波,当测量角锥棱镜轴向旋转97°时,可使非线性误差一次谐波达到最小,约为原有非线性误差一次谐波分量的1/20倍。当激光器出射的两束线偏振光存在6°非正交误差时,镀膜实体测量角锥棱镜轴向旋转角度从0°增加到97°,非线性误差一次谐波由5.30 nm减小到0.30 nm。     

物理光学 光的偏振与色散

O436.32006010053偏振分光镜传输系数不等对非线性误差的影响=Nonlin-earity from difference between transmission coefficients ofPBSin laser heterodyne interferometer[刊,中]/钟志(哈尔滨工业大学超精密光电仪器工程研究所.黑龙江,哈尔滨(150001)),谭久彬…∥光电工程.—2005,32(9).—27-30为了减小激光外差干涉非线性误差,必须考虑偏振分光镜透过率和反射率不等对非线性误差的影响。通过分析两臂透过率与反射率不等对测量信号的影响,推导出两臂反射率与透过率不等对激光外差干涉非线性误差一次谐波和二次谐波影响的理论模型。仿真…     

双频激光干涉仪的混频分析与研究

针对以往文献提出的探测非线性误差方案比较复杂,通常不容易实行的缺点,设计了一套简单有效的系统,用以区分由光源偏振态非理想和偏振分光镜(PBS)漏光引起混频造成的非线性误差。实验结果表明,光先后两次经过PBS后漏光分量将会大大减少,相对于由光源非正交分量引起的混频误差可以忽略不计。为了最大限度地减小安装误差,提出了一种切实有效地调整PBS的方法,确保入射光水平分量的偏振面平行于偏振分光镜的参照面,并以布儒斯特角入射。     

马赫曾德尔单频干涉仪非线性误差分析

 研究了马赫曾德尔单频干涉仪对可调谐激光器进行频率监测时非理想1/4波片和偏振分光镜引入的非线性误差。借助琼斯矩阵对干涉仪建模,理论推导了系统误差公式。理论分析和数值仿真发现：系统的非线性误差为一次谐波误差和二次谐波误差的线性叠加;系统中2个偏振分光镜倾斜角度的非对称主要导致一次谐波误差;波片倾斜角度误差、偏振分光镜倾斜角度误差以及波片相位延迟误差主要导致二次谐波误差,总二次谐波误差近似表现为此3类误差源独立产生的误差的线性叠加;当偏振分光镜消偏比较大时,其产生的误差可忽略。     

高Q法布里-珀罗腔中二阶串级非线性相移

在高Q值法布里珀罗腔中研究了二阶串级非线性相移.结果表明,通过改变入射光强,可以全光学控制基频光束的透射率和它的相移.基频透射光束的非线性相移相对入射光强的变化率被提高了腔精细度的平方.这可用作光子学开关器件 关键词： 二阶串级效应 法布里珀罗腔 非线性相移     

涡旋光束在反射中的正交偏振特性研究

本文从角谱理论出发建立了涡旋光束在空气-玻璃界面反射时的傍轴传输模型, 并研究了反射过程中诱导产生的正交偏振效应. 当一水平偏振涡旋光束以不同角度入射时, 反射光束的正交偏振分量呈现出类似于一阶厄米-高斯模式的双峰强度分布, 而水平偏振分量强度分布呈现与入射光束相似的分布, 且只在布儒斯特角附近入射时才现出与正交偏振分量垂直的双峰分布. 对于任意线偏振入射光, 其正交偏振分量的偏振方向不再垂直于入射时的偏振方向, 而是与反射光束的中心波矢垂直, 此时正交偏振分量出现有趣的旋转特性, 其物理原因归结于任意线偏振光入射时所对应的水平与垂直偏振分量的反射系数不同. 最后进行了相关实验验证, 发现实验结果与理论分析符合得较好. 关键词： 正交偏振 涡旋光束 任意线偏振     

投影光学系统中的偏振像差分析

当光束斜入射时,光学薄膜存在一定的偏振效应。在飞利浦棱镜系统中,当一定大小孔径角的照明光束斜入射到分色合色薄膜后,S偏振分量和P偏振分量存在一定的相位差,使得线偏振光变成椭圆偏振光。利用琼斯矩阵偏振光线追迹的方法,分析了投影光学系统中由于两偏振分量相位差引起的偏振像差,以及它与暗态泄漏光强和系统衬比度的关系。得出了系统出瞳面上的光波偏振特性,以及在不同大小孔径角的照明光束入射下偏振像差的变化。分析了膜厚监控误差对光学系统偏振像差的影响,发现膜厚监控误差对偏振像差和系统衬比度有很大的影响。所使用的分析方法可以应用于其他大口径光学系统。     

强非局域正交偏振双厄米高斯光束的传输特性

依据非局域非线性介质中双光束传输时遵循的非局域非线性薛定谔耦合方程,在强非局域情形下,通过把响应函数作泰勒展开近似取到二阶,运用变分法求出了正交偏振、中心重合的双厄米高斯光束在强非局域介质中传输时各参量演化规律和一个临界功率,并运用分步傅里叶算法数值模拟出了束宽和相位的演化规律。当两光束以临界功率入射时,得到了正交偏振、中心重合的双厄米高斯空间光孤子及其大相移演化规律。当两光束以总临界功率入射,但两束光的入射功率不等时,光束可以形成呼吸子,但随着阶数的增加呼吸子将越来越不稳定。对于各阶呼吸子,功率大的束宽都作周期性压缩振荡变化,功率小的束宽都作周期性展宽振荡变化,且两呼吸子中功率大的相移随传输距离增加更快。在厄米高斯光束阶数小于5时,变分解得到的结果与数值解吻合较好。     

激光窗口热效应和应力双折射的分析

 分析了平板窗口在激光加热和内外压强差作用下对光束带来的附加相移，详细讨论了应力双折射部分的相移，计算了CaF₂窗口的温升、应力、附加相移、远场Strehl比和退偏度等的分布。结果表明：窗口变形和折射率随温度变化是产生附加相移的主要原因，窗口的非均匀温升将导致光束质量下降，应力双折射部分的相移与窗口表面Miller指数有关，对入射光产生一定的退偏效应，从而影响光束质量。     

Beam combination setup for dual-frequency laser with orthogonal linear polarization

A beam combination setup for a dual-frequency laser with orthogonal linear polarization is proposed. It consists of two polarizing beam splitters(PBSs) whose polarization axes are orthogonal to each other. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that a combined dual-frequency laser beam with this setup strictly meets orthogonal linear relation. The experimental results show that compared with the conventional setup, the ellipticity and nonorthogonality of the combined dual-frequency laser beam are significantly reduced.     

Faithful Entanglement Sharing for Quantum Communication Against Collective Noise

We present an economical setup for faithful entanglement sharing against collective noise. It is composed of polarizing beam splitters, half wave plates, polarization independent wavelength division multiplexers, and frequency shifters. An arbitrary qubit error on the polarization state of each photon in a multi-photon system caused by the noisy channel can be rejected, without resorting to additional qubits, fast polarization modulators, and nondestructive quantum nondemolition detectors. Its success probability is in principle 100%, which is independent of the noise parameters, and it can be applied directly in any one-way quantum communication protocol based on entanglement.     

Linearized analog photonic links based on a dual-parallel polarization modulator

A linearized analog photonic link (APL) is proposed based on an integratable electro-optic dual-parallel polarization modulator (DPPolM), which consists of two polarization beam splitters and two polarization modulators (PolMs). Theoretical analysis shows that the APL is potentially free from the third-order nonlinear distortion if a polarization controller placed before the DPPolM is carefully adjusted. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out. A reduction of the third-order intermodulation components as high as 40 dB and an improvement of the spurious-free dynamic range as large as 15.5 dB is achieved as compared with a single PolM-based link. The DPPolM-based APL is simple, compact, and power efficient since it requires only one laser, one modulator, and one photodetector.     

High-power single-polarization and single-transverse-mode fiber laser with an all-fiber cavity and fiber-grating stabilized spectrum

Conventionally, large-mode-area (LMA) fiber lasers use free-space polarizing components to achieve linear polarization output. External components, however, significantly limit laser robustness and power scalability. We demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first high-power all-fiber cavity single-polarization single-transverse-mode LMA fiber laser, without the use of free-space polarizing components. This has been achieved by using tightly coiled high-birefringence 20 microm core LMA fiber. The lasing spectrum at 1085 nm has been stabilized by a fiber grating, spliced at one end of a LMA fiber. Up to 405 W of single-polarization output with a polarization extinction of >19 dB with a narrow spectrum (1.9 nm FWHM) and in a single-transverse mode (M2 < 1.1) has been demonstrated. The simplicity of a monolithic-cavity approach is highly beneficial for a number of applications, including the use of a fiber laser for nonlinear wavelength conversion and for coherent and spectral beam combining.     

腔内偏振元件对激光特性的影响

Nd:YAG固体激光器的偏振特性在许多实际应用中非常重要.特别是在非线性光学频率变换中,无论是实现Ⅰ类相位匹配还是Ⅱ类相位匹配的非线性光学晶体,对基频光的偏振特性都有一定的要求.研究了半导体激光侧向泵浦固体Nd:YAG激光器的偏振特性.实验测量了腔内镀膜偏振片和它们在腔内不同位置时对激光偏振特性的影响.消光比测量表明,...     

Linear optical implementation of optimal unambiguous discrimination among quantum states

In this paper, we present a linear optical scheme for optimal unambiguous discrimination among nonorthogonal quantum states in terms of the multiple-rail and polarization representation of a single photon. In our scheme, discriminated quantum states are expressed by using the spatial degree of freedom of a single photon while the polarization degree of freedom of the single photon is used to act as an auxiliary qubit. The optical components used in our scheme are only passive linear optical elements such as polarizing beam splitters, wave plates, polarizers, single photon detectors, and single photon source.     

Complete Bell-state analysis for a single-photon hybrid entangled state

We propose a scheme capable of performing complete Bell-state analysis for a single-photon hybrid entangled state.Our single-photon state is encoded in both polarization and frequency degrees of freedom.The setup of the scheme is composed of polarizing beam splitters,half wave plates,frequency shifters,and independent wavelength division multiplexers,which are feasible using current technology.We also show that with this setup we can perform complete two-photon Bell-state analysis schemes for polarization degrees of freedom.Moreover,it can also be used to perform the teleportation scheme between different degrees of freedom.This setup may allow extensive applications in current quantum communications.     

Multipartite Entanglement Preparation and Quantum Communication with Atomic Ensembles

We propose an experimentally feasible scheme to generate Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger type of maximal entanglement among three atomic ensembles, and show one of the applications, controlled secure direct communication. The scheme involves laser manipulation of atomic ensembles, quarter- and half-wave plates, beam splitters, polarizing beam splitters and single-photon detectors, which are within the reach of current experimental technology.     

Quantum key distribution based on phase encoding and polarization measurement

A one-way quantum key distribution scheme based on intrinsically stable Faraday-mirror-type Michelson interferometers with four-port polarizing beam splitters has been demonstrated that can compensate for birefringence effects automatically. The encoding is performed with phase modulators, but decoding is accomplished through measurement of the polarization state of Bob's photons. An extinction ratio of about 30 dB was maintained for several hours over 50 km of fiber at 1310 nm without any adjustment to the setup, which shows its good potential for practical systems.     

无偏振效应分束器反射相移对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响

线性双折射和反射相移使光学电流互感器输出光偏振态产生椭圆退化并导致灵敏度降低,法拉第镜式光学电流互感器可以有效解决椭圆退化问题。无偏振效应分束器是构成该方案的核心器件,为了准确掌握无偏振效应分束器的性能和作用,用琼斯矩阵建立了无偏振效应分束器和法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的矩阵模型。分析了无偏振效应分束器反射相移对系统输出光偏振态的影响。提出无偏振效应分束器反射相移的测量方案并测出其常温下的实际值为5.02°,绘制了温度实验曲线。用MathCAD软件仿真了系统输出光偏振态图,并分析了椭率与无偏振效应分束器反射相移的关系。指出计量0.2级光学电流互感器所允许的反射相移漂移范围要小于0.1%。所得结果可为光学电流互感器的实用化研究提供参考。