Analyticity and Decay Estimates of the Navier–Stokes Equations in Critical Besov Spaces

In this paper, we establish analyticity of the Navier–Stokes equations with small data in critical Besov spaces . The main method is Gevrey estimates, the choice of which is motivated by the work of Foias and Temam (Contemp Math 208:151–180, 1997). We show that mild solutions are Gevrey regular, that is, the energy bound holds in , globally in time for p < ∞. We extend these results for the intricate limiting case p = ∞ in a suitably designed E _∞ space. As a consequence of analyticity, we obtain decay estimates of weak solutions in Besov spaces. Finally, we provide a regularity criterion in Besov spaces.     

About the Regularized Navier–Stokes Equations

The first goal of this paper is to study the large time behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the 3-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes system. The Marcinkiewicz space L^3, is used to prove some asymptotic stability results for solutions with infinite energy. Next, this approach is applied to the analysis of two classical regularized Navier–Stokes systems. The first one was introduced by J. Leray and consists in mollifying the nonlinearity. The second one was proposed by J.-L. Lions, who added the artificial hyper-viscosity (–)^{/ 2}, > 2 to the model. It is shown in the present paper that, in the whole space, solutions to those modified models converge as t toward solutions of the original Navier–Stokes system.     

Stokes and Navier–Stokes Equations with Robin Boundary Conditions in a Half-Space

We study the initial-boundary value problem for the Stokes equations with Robin boundary conditions in the half-space It is proved that the associated Stokes operator is sectorial and admits a bounded H^∞-calculus on As an application we prove also a local existence result for the nonlinear initial value problem of the Navier–Stokes equations with Robin boundary conditions.     

Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations on Thin Domains

We consider the barotropic Navier–Stokes system describing the motion of a compressible viscous fluid confined to a straight layer \({\Omega_\varepsilon = \omega\times (0, \varepsilon)}\) , where ω is a particular 2-D domain (a periodic cell, bounded domain or the whole 2-D space). We show that the weak solutions in the 3D domain converge to a (strong) solutions of the 2-D Navier–Stokes system on ω as \({\varepsilon \to 0}\) on the maximal life time of the strong solution.     

Regularity Criteria of Weak Solutions in terms of the Pressure in Lorentz Spaces to the Navier–Stokes Equations

We consider the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in Ω ×?(0, T), where Ω is a domain in ${\mathbb{R}^3}$ . We give regularity criteria in terms of the pressure in Lorentz spaces with the corresponding small norm. In particular, our results extend previous ones to the Lorentz space with respect to temporal variable.     

Navier–Stokes Equations with Navier Boundary Conditions for an Oceanic Model

We consider the Navier–Stokes equations in a thin domain of which the top and bottom surfaces are not flat. The velocity fields are subject to the Navier conditions on those boundaries and the periodicity condition on the other sides of the domain. This toy model arises from studies of climate and oceanic flows. We show that the strong solutions exist for all time provided the initial data belong to a “large” set in the Sobolev space H ¹. Furthermore we show, for both the autonomous and the nonautonomous problems, the existence of a global attractor for the class of all strong solutions. This attractor is proved to be also the global attractor for the Leray–Hopf weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations. One issue that arises here is a nontrivial contribution due to the boundary terms. We show how the boundary conditions imposed on the velocity fields affect the estimates of the Stokes operator and the (nonlinear) inertial term in the Navier–Stokes equations. This results in a new estimate of the trilinear term, which in turn permits a short and simple proof of the existence of strong solutions for all time.     

Random Kick-Forced 3D Navier–Stokes Equations in a Thin Domain

We consider the Navier–Stokes equations in the thin 3D domain , where is a two-dimensional torus. The equation is perturbed by a non-degenerate random kick force. We establish that, firstly, when ε ≪ 1, the equation has a unique stationary measure and, secondly, after averaging in the thin direction this measure converges (as ε → 0) to a unique stationary measure for the Navier–Stokes equation on . Thus, the 2D Navier–Stokes equations on surfaces describe asymptotic in time, and limiting in ε, statistical properties of 3D solutions in thin 3D domains.     

Stationary Stokes, Oseen and Navier–Stokes Equations with Singular Data

The concept of very weak solution introduced by Giga (Math Z 178:287–329, 1981) for the Stokes equations has hardly been studied in recent years for either the Navier–Stokes equations or the Navier–Stokes type equations. We treat the stationary Stokes, Oseen and Navier–Stokes systems in the case of a bounded open set, connected of class C^1,1{\mathcal{C}^{1,1}} of \mathbbR³{\mathbb{R}^3}. Taking up once again the duality method introduced by Lions and Magenes (Problèmes aus limites non-homogènes et applications, vols. 1 & 2, Dunod, Paris, 1968) and Giga (Math Z 178:287–329, 1981) for open sets of class C^￥{\mathcal{C}^{\infty}} [see also chapter 4 of Necas (Les méthodes directes en théorie des équations elliptiques. (French) Masson et Cie, éd., Paris; Academia, éditeurs, Prague, 1967), which considers the Hilbertian case p = 2 for general elliptic operators], we give a simpler proof of the existence of a very weak solution for stationary Oseen and Navier–Stokes equations when data are not regular enough, based on density arguments and a functional framework adequate for defining more rigourously the traces of non-regular vector fields. In the stationary Navier–Stokes case, the results will be valid for external forces not necessarily small, which lets us extend the uniqueness class of solutions for these equations. Considering more regular data, regularity results in fractional Sobolev spaces will also be discussed for the three systems. All these results can be extended to other dimensions.     

Ill-posedness of the Hydrostatic Euler and Navier–Stokes Equations

We prove that the linearization of the hydrostatic Euler equations at certain parallel shear flows is ill-posed. The result also extends to the hydrostatic Navier–Stokes equations with a small viscosity.     

Status of the Navier–Stokes Equations in Gas Dynamics. A Review

The existing ideas on the status of the Navier–Stokes equations are changed in taking into account the following facts: generally speaking, the terms of these equations neglected in the boundary layer equations are of the order of certain Burnett terms in the conservation equations; the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be used to describe slow nonisothermal gas flows since in this case it is necessary to take the Burnett temperature stresses into account; and in the transport relations the Burnett terms determine certain effects (for example, the mechanocaloric effect).     

On Kato’s Method for Navier–Stokes Equations

We investigate Kato’s method for parabolic equations with a quadratic non-linearity in an abstract form. We extract several properties known from linear systems theory which turn out to be the essential ingredients for the method. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for these conditions and provide new and more general proofs, based on real interpolation. In application to the Navier–Stokes equations, our approach unifies several results known in the literature, partly with different proofs. Moreover, we establish new existence and uniqueness results for rough initial data on arbitrary domains in \mathbbR³{\mathbb{R}}^{3} and irregular domains in \mathbbRⁿ{\mathbb{R}}^{n}.     

Asymptotic Properties of Axis-Symmetric D-Solutions of the Navier–Stokes Equations

We consider asymptotic behavior of Leray’s solution which expresses axis-symmetric incompressible Navier–Stokes flow past an axis-symmetric body. When the velocity at infinity is prescribed to be nonzero constant, Leray’s solution is known to have optimum decay rate, which is in the class of physically reasonable solution. When the velocity at infinity is prescribed to be zero, the decay rate at infinity has been shown under certain restrictions such as smallness on the data. Here we find an explicit decay rate when the flow is axis-symmetric by decoupling the axial velocity and the horizontal velocities. The first author was supported by KRF-2006-312-C00466. The second author was supported by KRF-2006-531-C00009.     

The Three Dimensional Viscous Camassa–Holm Equations, and Their Relation to the Navier–Stokes Equations and Turbulence Theory

We show here the global, in time, regularity of the three dimensional viscous Camassa–Holm (Navier–Stokes-alpha) (NS-) equations. We also provide estimates, in terms of the physical parameters of the equations, for the Hausdorff and fractal dimensions of their global attractor. In analogy with the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence, we define a small spatial scale, , as the scale at which the balance occurs in the mean rates of nonlinear transport of energy and viscous dissipation of energy. Furthermore, we show that the number of degrees of freedom in the long-time behavior of the solutions to these equations is bounded from above by (L/ )³, where L is a typical large spatial scale (e.g., the size of the domain). This estimate suggests that the Landau–Lifshitz classical theory of turbulence is suitable for interpreting the solutions of the NS- equations. Hence, one may consider these equations as a closure model for the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). We study this approach, further, in other related papers. Finally, we discuss the relation of the NS- model to the NSE by proving a convergence theorem, that as the length scale ₁ tends to zero a subsequence of solutions of the NS- equations converges to a weak solution of the three dimensional NSE.     

Fine Properties of Self-Similar Solutions of the Navier–Stokes Equations

We study the solutions of the nonstationary incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in , of self-similar form , obtained from small and homogeneous initial data a(x). We construct an explicit asymptotic formula relating the self-similar profile U(x) of the velocity field to its corresponding initial datum a(x).     

On the Two-Phase Navier–Stokes Equations with Boussinesq–Scriven Surface Fluid

Two-phase flows with interface modeled as a Boussinesq–Scriven surface fluid are analysed concerning their fundamental mathematical properties. This extended form of the common sharp-interface model for two-phase flows includes both surface tension and surface viscosity. For this system of partial differential equations with free interface it is shown that the energy serves as a strict Ljapunov functional, where the equilibria of the model without boundary contact consist of zero velocity and spheres for the dispersed phase. The linearizations of the problem are derived formally, showing that equilibria are linearly stable, but nonzero velocities may lead to problems which linearly are not well-posed. This phenomenon does not occur in absence of surface viscosity. The present paper aims at initiating a rigorous mathematical study of two-phase flows with surface viscosity.     

Random Data Cauchy Theory for the Generalized Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations

In this paper, we consider the generalized Navier?CStokes equations where the space domain is ${\mathbb{T}^N}$ or ${\mathbb{R}^N, N\geq3}$ . The generalized Navier?CStokes equations here refer to the equations obtained by replacing the Laplacian in the classical Navier?CStokes equations by the more general operator (???) ^?? with ${\alpha\in (\frac{1}{2},\frac{N+2}{4})}$ . After a suitable randomization, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the local mild solution for a large set of the initial data in ${H^s, s\in[-\alpha,0]}$ , if ${1 < \alpha < \frac{N+2}{4}, s\in(1-2\alpha,0]}$ , if ${\frac{1}{2} < \alpha\leq 1}$ . Furthermore, we obtain the probability for the global existence and uniqueness of the solution. Specially, our result shows that, in some sense, the Cauchy problem of the classical Navier?CStokes equation is local well-posed for a large set of the initial data in H ^?1+, exhibiting a gain of ${\frac{N}{2}-}$ derivatives with respect to the critical Hilbert space ${H^{\frac{N}{2}-1}}$ .     

Almost Periodic Solutions and Global Attractors of Non-autonomous Navier–Stokes Equations

The article is devoted to the study of non-autonomous Navier–Stokes equations. First, the authors have proved that such systems admit compact global attractors. This problem is formulated and solved in the terms of general non-autonomous dynamical systems. Second, they have obtained conditions of convergence of non-autonomous Navier–Stokes equations. Third, a criterion for the existence of almost periodic (quasi periodic, almost automorphic, recurrent, pseudo recurrent) solutions of non-autonomous Navier–Stokes equations is given. Finally, the authors have derived a global averaging principle for non-autonomous Navier–Stokes equations.