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由锆杂五元环化合物出发合成五元环有机化合物,只要求一个碳单元并且形成两个碳-碳链,从以下四个方面描述了利用锆杂环化物合成五元环有机化合物的新合成方法:(1)CO或RNC的插入反应;(2)与丙炔酸酯的加成反应-峡谷次的Michael加成;(3)与碘代丙烯酸酯或碘代环烯酮的偶联加成反应-先偶联后Michael加成;(4)与酰氯的取代加成反应-先亲核取代后亲核加成,每类反应都含有数个简单反应类型。 相似文献
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对2-碘-9-苄基嘌呤与有机锡试剂RSnBu3之间的Stille偶合反应以及2-乙烯基-9-苄基嘌呤中的乙烯基的亲核加成和环加成反应进行了研究,合成出了一系列新的2位取代的嘌呤衍生物.化合物的结构均经元素分析、1HNMR、13CNMR和MS确证.提出2-乙烯基-9-苄基嘌呤与苯硫酚的反应机理为氧化加成而非亲核加成,采用单晶X射线衍射法对主要产物的结构进行了确认. 相似文献
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碳碳双键(烯键)也是可以进行亲核加成的,这是当双键的电子云密度被强吸电性取代后两个反应就是著名的Michael缩合反应,通过一个碳负离子对α、β-不饱和拨基化合物或腈的加成而达到增长碳链的目的。 相似文献
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在K2CO3-TEBA相转移催化体系中,4位或2位含有—NO2的苯磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯发生加成-重排反应,制得2-芳基戊二酸酯,其收率较高(73%~87%)。研究了反应物-芳磺酰基乙酸酯苯环上取代基对加成-重排反应的影响,发现只有当芳环上4位或2位有硝基时,在K2CO3-TEBA相转移催化体系中,芳磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯反应才可发生加成-重排反应,生成2-芳基戊二酸酯,其机理可能是芳磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯首先发生Michael加成反应,随后加成产物发生分子内的亲核取代,酸化后脱去SO2得2-芳基戊二酸酯。而当芳环上4位或2位含有给电子基团(如,甲基)或弱吸电子基团(如,氯)时,却只能发生正常的Michael加成反应,生成相应的2-芳磺酰基戊二酸酯。 相似文献
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手性3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成及其串联的不对称Michael加成 反应的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了新的手性试剂,5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-呋喃酮(5a)的合成及其与亲核性醇发生的串联不对称双Michael加成/分子内亲取代反应。通过此反应,一举生成了四个新的手性中心,得到了一般方法难以合成的含有多个手性中心的丁内酯并螺-环丙烷类化合物8a~8d。详细报道了8a~8d的合成方法以及它们的[α]、IR、UV、^1^HNMR、^13^CNMR、MS、元素分析等结构分析数据。此不对称双Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应可以为某些新的光学活性螺-环内丙烷类化合物以及某些复杂结构的分子提供合成策略。 相似文献
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新手性源5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成和结构 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
文中深入研究了5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮新手性源(5a)的合成方法及其不对称合成反应。5a不仅制备方法简便,光学纯度单一,而且它作为稳定的Michael受体,可与碳、氧、氮、硫等不同的亲核试剂发生串联的Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应,制备得到含有多个手性中心的双环[3.3.0^3^,^7]-5-辛烯类化合物、双环[3.1.0^3^,^5]-己烷类化合物和螺-环丙烷类化合物。本文报道了该手性呋喃酮5a的合成和构型测定。 相似文献
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Liu Y Xi C Hara R Nakajima K Yamazaki A Kotora M Takahashi T 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2000,65(21):6951-6957
Reaction of alkynyl halides with in situ prepared zirconacyclopentanes, -pentenes, and -pentadienes in the presence of CuCl under mild reaction conditions afforded alkynes or diynes. Control of the reaction conditions selectively afforded monoalkynylation products of zirconacycles. Reaction of zirconacycles with 2 equiv of alkynyl halides resulted in the formation of diynes. Selective monoalkynylation of zirconacycle with an alkynyl halide, followed by reaction with a different alkynyl halide, afforded unsymmetrical diynes. Bisalkynylation product of zirconacyclopentadiene was gradually converted into a tricyclic compound. 相似文献
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[reaction: see text] Commercially available 1-bromobenzocyclobutene is a potentially useful synthon particularly with the application of organometallic methodology. Here we show that it is readily converted into Cp(2)Zr(benzocyclobutadiene), which couples with alkynes or nitriles giving five-membered zirconacycles. Treatment of these alkyne- or nitrile-derived zirconacycles with CuCl yields substituted naphthalenes, isoquinolines, or in the presence of MeO(2)C-CC-CO(2)Me, a 3-benzazocine containing an eight-membered ring [corrected]. 相似文献
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Formation of cyclic compounds from zirconacycles has been performed by a combination of Michael addition and coupling with an alkenyl iodide moiety in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of CuCl. The reaction of 3-iodopropenoates with various zirconacyclopentadienes in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of CuCl afforded penta- and hexasubstituted cyclopentadienes. The reaction of 3-iodocycloenones with zirconacyclopentadienes, zirconacyclopentenes, or zirconacyclopentanes gave spirocyclic compounds in good yields. 相似文献
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Paul R. Sharp 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2003,683(2):288-294
Zirconocene and bisphosphine nickel chemistry developed in our labs and directed towards the derivatization and synthesis of polycyclic aromatic carbon compounds is reviewed. Complexes with the formula Cp2ZrMe(η1-PAC) (PAC=anionic polycyclic aromatic carbon ligand) eliminate methane to produce zirconacycles and yne complexes. Treatment of the zirconacycles with L2NiX2 (L=phosphine, X=Cl, Br) in the presence of alkynes results in metallacycle transfer to nickel and cycloaddition of the alkyne. The resulting polycyclic aromatic carbon compounds contain an additional ring. The nickelacycles may also be accessed by oxidative addition of Ni(0) to polycyclic aromatic dihalides followed by reduction. The application of this chemistry to the step-growth synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes is proposed. 相似文献
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Sally Dixon 《Tetrahedron》2004,60(6):1401-1416
A wide range of carbenoids (1-lithio-1-halo species), including those with α-SiR3, OEt, SPh, SO2Ph, P(O)(OEt)2, and CN substituents, insert into 5-member zirconacycles (saturated and unsaturated, mono- and bi-cyclic) to afford functionalized 6-member zirconacycles. 1-Lithio-1-haloalkenes insert to afford 6-member zirconacycles with an alkylidene substituent next to the metal. Unexpected double insertion of some carbenoids, and evidence for endocylic β-hydride transfer processes provide additional mechanistic interest. 相似文献
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Transmetalation of carborane-fused zirconacycles to Cu(Ⅱ) induces the C-C coupling reaction to form four-membered rings. This serves as a new efficient and general methodology for the generation of a series of carborane-fused cyclobutenes and cyclobutanes. A reaction mechanism involving transmetalation to Cu(Ⅱ) and reductive elimination is proposed. 相似文献
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1-Alkynylboronates form five-membered zirconacycles with Cp(2)ZrCl(2)/2-EtMgBr as indicated by deuterium labeling. The zirconacycles add aldehydes to form seven-membered zirconacycles. Hydrolysis of the latter provides 5-hydroxy-1-alkenylboronates in fair to good isolated yields. Both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes undergo insertion. 相似文献
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一类新反应现象被描述。2, 2'-二锂联萘或2, 2'-双格氏化联萘当与Et2NBCl2及Et2NB(Ph)Cl反应时, 仅以一个M-C键参与亲核烃化, 另一M-C键因可能的七员环过渡态而失活。反应分别给出仅在联萘2-位取代的硼化合物Ⅱ或Ⅳ, 而得不到2, 2'-双位取代的硼化合物Ⅰ或Ⅲ。五个新硼化合物被合成, 并讨论了反应机理。 相似文献
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化学反应的内禀反应坐标法VI. 甲胺脱氢反应的反应路径解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文用内禀反应坐标(IRC)法对甲胺的1,1-和1,2-脱氢反应途径进行了微观动力学解析。在RHF/4-31G水平上确定了反应的过渡态结构和势能变化曲线,得到了活化能、反应热、频率因子和活化熵等物理量。模式选择研究表明:1,1-和1,2-脱氢反应过程的反应坐标(IRC)分别与反应物中频率为1057和1348cm^-^1的两个变形振动模式相联结。在每条反应途径上都存在正则坐标间的振动耦合。本文的计算为激光诱导和模式选择化学反应的研究提供了重要信息和理论指导。 相似文献