高分子重金属絮凝剂在水处理中的研究与应用

概述了高分子重金属絮凝剂在废水处理中的应用进展,包括高分子重金属絮凝剂的种类及废水处理的作用机理,并对除浊效果进行了比较。     

废水处理新试剂——絮凝剂

高分子絮凝剂在水处理技术中占有十分重要的地位,而且已成为目前废水处理中的一类不可缺少的重要试剂。本文介绍了高分子絮凝剂的絮凝机理、种类、性质及其应用。     

环氧氯丙烷类阳离子改性絮凝剂的合成及性能研究

为提高环氧氯丙烷胺类絮凝剂的絮凝性能,选用六次甲基四胺为交联剂,以环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺为主要原料,合成了环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺-六次甲基四胺(HMTA)季铵盐阳离子改性絮凝剂,其在辽河油田废水处理中表现出优异的絮凝性能,并研究了絮凝剂用量和温度对HMTA絮凝剂絮凝性能的影响。结果表明,使用HMTA絮凝剂的合适温度为45℃,最佳用量为20mg/L,除浊率可达98. 1%,除油率达到35. 1%。红外光谱和核磁共振谱的表征结果证实六次甲基四胺在聚合物中发挥了交联剂的作用,有效提高了环氧氯丙烷胺类絮凝剂的絮凝性能。     

新型絮凝剂F—717对抗生素M—90发酵液预处理研究

本文设计了九种有机、无机絮凝剂对新抗Ｍ－９０发酵液预处理的方法研究，探索了以新型絮凝剂Ｆ－７１７与ＺｎＳＯ４，ＡｌＣｌ３等各种絮凝剂的加入量对发酵液滤速，光密度与效价的关系。     

微生物絮凝剂研究进展

综述了微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选、培养条件、絮凝剂种类、影响絮凝性能的因素、絮凝剂的应用并对其应用前景作了展望。     

新型海水微生物絮凝剂研制取得初步成果

国家“十一五”科技支撑计划的生活用海水集成技术研究及应用研究子课题海水净化微生物絮凝剂研究工作,目前已取得阶段性成果。海水微生物絮凝剂是一种天然高分子絮凝剂,具有可生物降解性、无二次污染等优点,是当前絮凝剂研究领域的热点。承担该任务的国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所课题组成员经过科研攻关,成功地从土壤和污泥中筛选出具有絮凝效果的微生物产生菌菌株,完成了对海水微生物絮凝剂产生菌菌种的鉴定等工作。初步确定了絮凝剂的有效成分和絮凝活性分布,确定了实验条件下投加量、水力条件、无机盐和pH值等的最佳取值范围,为海水微生物絮凝剂的应用等后续研究工作提供了有效支持。(中国化工仪器网)新型海水微生物絮凝剂研制取得初步成果     

絮凝剂产生菌(DSF-1)絮凝活性研究(Ⅰ)

采用稀释划线法从土壤中分离得到一株絮凝剂产生菌DSF-1。通过高岭土悬浮液对该絮凝剂的絮凝活性做了初步研究,结果表明DSF-1产絮凝剂具有产生速度快、絮凝活性高、耐热性能良好的优点。     

水与废水处理用无机/有机杂化复合絮凝剂研究进展

无机/有机杂化复合絮凝剂具有价廉、生态安全与健康、絮凝效率高等特点,其研发及在废水中的应用已经引起研究者和用户的广泛关注。本文对该复合絮凝剂类型、制备方法、性能及其应用进行了综述,同时对其絮凝作用机理进行了简要评述,提出了当前无机/有机杂化复合絮凝剂存在的问题和几点建议。     

SPE阴离子交换膜技术电解制备FeO42-及其降解脱色性能的研究

絮凝过程是水的净化与工业废水处理的重要技术单元。在低分子量的无机絮凝剂如铝、铁的氯化物和硫酸盐的基础上，近年来高分子无机絮凝剂的开发研究已成为热点犤１，２犦。其中分子量在１０５以上的聚合氯化铝（PAC）犤３犦，聚合硫酸铁（PFS）犤４犦，铝铁共聚型无机高分子絮凝剂如聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）犤５犦的研究开发也已取得长足的进步。这些无机絮凝剂在水溶液中，以羟基（－OH）架桥形成多核络离子，通过粘附、交联作用达到使微粒凝聚沉降的目的。本文研究报道的以电化学方法在阳极电解生成的FeO４２－，在微粒粘附、凝聚、沉…     

壳聚糖对鞣酸絮凝作用的研究

以壳聚糖为絮凝剂，采用絮凝法除去中药药液中的杂质。以鞣酸为研究对象，从鞣酸浓度，体系温度，ＰＨ絮凝剂用量粘均分子量等方面探讨其絮凝规律，用正交试验优化其絮凝条件，为实施中药药液的絮凝法精制工艺提供参考。     

油田作业废水絮凝过程中Zeta电位的研究

以川中矿区典型的压裂酸化废水为研究对象,考察了溶液pH值、无机混凝剂、有机高分子絮凝剂、以及无机混凝剂与有机高分子絮凝剂共同作用对废水Zeta电位的影响,从理论上对油田废水的絮凝特点进行了表征.实验结果证明:油田作业废水适合在酸性条件下进行絮凝处理;聚硅硫酸铁和阳离子有机高分子絮凝剂能使废水颗粒表面Zeta电位明显正移;当联合使用时,先加无机混凝剂,后加有机絮凝剂,能提高污水处理质量.     

Polyacrylamide Grafted Carboxymethyl Tamarind (CMT-g-PAM): Development and Application of a Novel Polymeric Flocculant

Water is scarce commodity now. Recycling of municipal wastewater, industrial and mineral processing effluents require treatment with the inorganic or organic flocculants. Both synthetic and natural polymers are used as flocculants. Natural polymers are biodegradable and are effective at very large dosages but are very shear stable. The synthetic polymers are highly effective flocculants at very small dosages and have high tailorability, but have poor shear stability. In the authors' laboratory, a novel polymeric flocculant has been developed by grafting polyacrylamide onto the backbone of carboxymethyl tamarind (CMT-g-PAM). Various grades were developed to optimize the best flocculant. The grafted polymers were characterized by various characterization techniques such as intrinsic viscosity measurement, FTIR spectroscopy, ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis etc. The flocculation studies were carried out using turbidity test as well as settling test. The optimized CMT-g-PAM was then compared with some of the commercial flocculants available in national and international markets in colloidal suspensions and it has been found that our synthesized flocculant surpasses most of the commercial flocculants in performance.     

Polymeric flocculants processing by accelerated electron beams and microwave heating

Results obtained by accelerated electron beam, microwave and simultaneous microwave and electron beam application in the chemistry of acrylamide and acrylic acid copolymers (polymeric flocculants used for wastewater treatment) are presented. Comparative results concerning the molecular weight and Huggins’ constant for the acrylamide and acrylic acid copolymers obtained by classical heating, microwave heating, electron beam irradiation and simultaneous microwave and electron beam treatment are reported. Microwave heating produces high water solubility of the polymeric flocculants but median molecular weight values. Electron beam irradiation gives high molecular weight values but associated with a cross-linked structure (poor water solubility) while microwave energy addition to electron beam energy gives simultaneously high molecular weight values and high water solubility.     

Chitosan for coagulation/flocculation processes - An eco-friendly approach

Chitosan is a partially deacetylated polymer obtained from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin, a biopolymer extracted from shellfish sources. Chitosan exhibits a variety of physico-chemical and biological properties resulting in numerous applications in fields such as cosmetics, biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, ophthalmology, biotechnology, agriculture, textiles, oenology, food processing and nutrition. This amino-biopolymer has also received a great deal of attention in the last decades in water treatment processes for the removal of particulate and dissolved contaminants. In particular, the development of chitosan-based materials as useful coagulants and flocculants is an expanding field in the area of water and wastewater treatment. Their coagulation and flocculation properties can be used to remove particulate inorganic or organic suspensions, and also dissolved organic substances. This paper gives an overview of the main results obtained in the treatment of various suspensions and solutions. The effects of the characteristics of the chitosan used and the conditions in solution on the coagulation/flocculation performance are also discussed.     

Study on Properties and Synthesize of a new Polymeric Aluminum Sulfate-silicate

The polymeric basic aluminum silicate-sulfate can be made from three substances, such as aluminum sulfate, sodium silicate and sodium aluminates. Adoption sort neote ric one synthesis,under high shear mixing condition to produce polymeric Aluminum Sulfate-silicate--inorganic macromolecule flocculants, that is liquid, PH is 3.0, molecular formula: AlA (OH) B (SO4) C (SiOx)Because inorganic macromolecule have capability of electricity neutralized, bigger molecular mass,strong capability of adsorption, and products are relative stabilize, more economical than organic macromolecule flocculants, innocuity and high effect compared with tradition flocculants.We can use the flocculants to make sewages purified .The sewages contain sulfur, oiliness, which are treated sewages of oil refining to organism treatment sump in parturition course of oil refining,and the sewages of dark and white in parturition course of paper mill. We study the properties of the flocculants, change of CODCr and effect of sewerage decolouring and so on.Thus fig. Can be seen to add the flocculants(0.1ml) to the sewages of the oil refining and the paper mill that effect is not distinctly. Yet increase of quantity to remove turbidity and floccules effect is distinctness. When the flocculants (0.5mi) be added to the dark sewage of, the penetrate light rate attain 90～98%, the sewage of the oil refining is about 90%, but when we make floccules experiment, the color of dark green and auras of the sewages of oil refining and the paper mill are all disappear, the PASS that add to the sewage will have certainly time to flocculate. When use pay attention to quantity and horary the connection.As a result in the sewages purified, those products form quickly, granule density is big, and subsided velocity is quickly, Floccules effect and capability of removing turbidity, removing CODCr are ascendancy than tradition flocculants - aluminates, and the remained aluminum of water treatment is little. It has preponderance property of sedimentation rapidity and purifying rate, and the capability be purified of flocculants is increase 50% than the AS. The flocculants uses little dosage in sewerage treatment. That has wide foreground of application, salience economy and society benefit, congruency extend and applied in sewerage Treatment field. The flocculants has predominant use property than the aluminum sulfate.     

Identification of Highly Active Flocculant Proteins in Bovine Blood

Synthetic polymeric flocculants are used extensively for wastewater remediation, soil stabilization, and reduction in water leakage from unlined canals. Sources of highly active, inexpensive, renewable flocculants are needed to replace synthetic flocculants. High kaolin flocculant activity was documented for bovine blood (BB) and blood plasma with several anticoagulant treatments. BB serum also had high flocculant activity. To address the hypothesis that some blood proteins have strong flocculating activity, the BB proteins were separated by SEC. Then, the major proteins of the flocculant-active fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE. Identity of the major protein components was determined by tryptic digestion and peptide analysis by MALDI TOF MS. The sequence of selected peptides was confirmed using TOF/TOF-MS/MS fragmentation. Hemoglobin dimer (subunits α and β) was identified as the major protein component of the active fraction in BB; its high flocculation activity was confirmed by testing a commercial sample of hemoglobin. In the same manner, three proteins from blood plasma (fibrinogen, γ-globulin, α-2-macroglobulin) were found to be highly active flocculants, but bovine serum albumin, α-globulin, and β-globulin were not flocculants. On a mass basis, hemoglobin, γ-globulin, α-2-macroglobulin were as effective as anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), a widely used synthetic flocculant. The blood proteins acted faster than PAM, and unlike PAM, the blood proteins flocculants did not require calcium salts for their activity.     

湿式氧化用于染料废水脱色:过去20年回顾（英文）简

Wet air oxidation (WAO), a liquid phase reaction between organic materials in water and oxygen, is one of the most economical and technologically viable advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment, particularly toxic and high organic content wastewater. WAO is the liquid phase oxidation of organics or oxidizable inorganic components at elevated temperatures (125-320℃) and pressures (0.5-20 MPa) using gaseous oxygen (or air) as oxidant. In the past two decades, the WAO process was widely studied and applied in the treatment of dye wastewater. Compared to conventional WAO, catalytic WAO processes have higher efficiency and use moderate reaction conditions. The catalysts included homogenous and heterogeneous types. The key points that need to be solved are recycling of homogenous catalysts and better stability of heterogeneous catalysts. In the present review, the technological processes are first introduced, then some research history and hotspots of WAO research are presented, and finally, its application in the treatment of dye wastewater in the past two decades is summarized to reveal the impressive changes in modes, trends, and conditions used. The application includes model pollutant studies and wastewater tests.     

Coagulation and Flocculation Purification of Fat- and Protein-Containing Disperse Systems

Procedure for treatment of wastewater with a coagulant (aluminum sulfate) and anionic flocculants to remove fats and proteins was studied The purification efficiency was evaluated from the flocculation parameters.     

Entrapped mixed microorganisms to treat organic wastewater from food industry

Limited land and insufficient technicians to operate a wastewater treatment system are main restrictions for many factories. Therefore, an ideal wastewater treatment method for a small or land-limited factory must possess merits such as high performance efficiency, high organic loading rate, little odor, simple operation, easy maintenance, and little land required (simultaneously). An entrapment technique to immobilize mixed microorganisms to treat organic wastewater, which was developed in the present work, possesses these characteristics. This project was done on a laboratory scale. The microorganisms were activated sludge (an undefined mixture of microorganisms obtained directly from a domestic wastewater treatment plan) and the mixed microorganisms were immobilized in cellulose triacetate by means of an entrapment technique to treat organic wastewater from food industry. After wastewater was treated by this system, the SCOD (soluble COD) removal efficiency of 81% evaluated samples exceeded 80% in 1.5 ± 0.9 g SCOD/L/d of the volumetric loading rate and 7–10 h for the hydraulic retention time. This wastewater treatment method can be applied to other organic industrial wastewater.