乙烯直接氧化制乙酸催化剂Pd-H3PO4-Cu/Al2O3的研究

以浸渍法制备了一系列不同Pd担载量的Pd-H3PO4-Cu／Al2O3催化剂，采用微型固定床反应器对乙烯直接氧化合成乙酸工艺进行了活性评价．考查了Pd含量、不同助剂的添加、Cu氧化物含量等对催化剂性能的影响并采用TPR，SEM等方法进行了结构表征．实验结果表明：各组分含量为ωpd=3％，ωH3PO4=50％，ωCu=9．5％时，该催化剂具有较理想的活性与选择性．在反应温度为200℃、压力为0．8Mpa、原料气物质的量比为n(C2H4)：n(O2)：n(N2)：n(H2O)=50：6：14：30的条件下，乙烯的转化率与乙酸的选择性分别达3．8％和86．3％。在Pd-H3PO4／Al2O3催化剂中引入Cu的化合物后，不仅提高了催化剂的活性，而且催化剂的稳定性也有显提高．     

磷化过程对MoP催化剂醋酸加氢合成乙醇性能的影响

制备了系列磷化钼催化剂用于醋酸加氢合成乙醇活性评价,并采用XRD、XPS和SEM等技术对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,催化剂除含有MoP外,还有MoP_2O_7和MoO_2等物种,催化醋酸生成乙醇的活性物种是MoP,或者是MoP与MoP_2O_7、MoO_2协同起催化作用。磷化温度一定程度上影响催化剂的形成和活性组分的分布,磷化温度太低,MoP形成量少,磷化温度太高,MoP发生团聚和烧结,磷化温度为650℃时制备的催化剂活性最高。磷钼物质的量比为1.0时催化剂的乙醇合成性能最高。     

硅藻土负载H6PMo9V2Nb1O40催化剂上乙烷氧化制乙酸和乙醛的反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了硅藻土负载的杂多化合物催化剂PMo9V2Nb1/K,利用TPR、IR、TPD和微反技术研究了催化剂的表面酸性、乙烷化学吸附和氧化反应性能。结果表明,含铌的PMo9V2Nb1/K催化剂仍保持着Keggin形杂多酸的化学构造,晶格氧的活泼性明显提高,B酸强度和酸量均有所降低;乙烷分子主要通过H原子吸附在Lewis碱位V—O—Mo和Nb—O—Mo的桥氧上,吸附在Nb—O—Mo桥氧上的乙烷易发生解离吸附,并与邻近的表面氧发生反应生成乙酸或乙醛;在240 ℃,0.4 MPa和2 000 h-1下,乙烷的摩尔转化率为22.5%,产物乙酸和乙醛的总选择性达90.8%。     

A new process for acetic acid production by direct oxidation of ethylene

A new process for acetic acid production by direct oxidation of ethylene which was established and commercialized is described. The catalyst system consisting of Pd and heteropoly acid exhibits excellent activity and selectivity. The addition of Se or Te to the catalyst system is effective to suppress the formation of carbon dioxide. This new process is applicable to a plant of a wide range of size corresponding to the local demand. Because this new process produces little waste water, it is very friendly to the environment.     

Selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over mixed metal oxide catalysts

The effects of metal atomic ratio, water content, oxygen content, and calcination temperature on the catalytic performances of MoVTeNbO mixed oxide catalyst system for the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid have been investigated and discussed. Among the catalysts studied, it was found that the MoVTeNbO catalyst calcined at a temperature of 600 ℃ showed the best performance in terms of propane conversion and selectivity for acrylic acid under an atmosphere of nitrogen. An effective MoVTeNbO oxide catalyst for propane selective oxidation to acrylic acid was obtained with a combination of a preferred metal atomic ratio （Mo1V0.31Te0.23Nb0.12）. The optimum reaction condition for the selective oxidation of propane was the molar ratio of C3H8 ：O2 ： H2O ： N2 = 4.4： 12.8 ： 15.3 ： 36.9. Under such conditions, the conversion of propane and the maximum yield of acrylic acid reached about 50% and 21%, respectively.     

Preparation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecatungstophosphate and its catalytic performance for esterification of ethanol and acetic acid

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecatungstophosphate catalyst ([bmim]₃PW₁₂O₄₀) with high water tolerance was prepared from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br) and phosphotungstic acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀). The catalyst was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry, n-BuNH₂ potentiometric titration, elemental analysis and so on. Its catalytic activity for esterification of ethanol and acetic acid to ethyl acetate was measured. The results show that there were three crystal-water molecules in the [bmim]₃PW₁₂O₄₀ catalyst, and it preserved the primary Keggin structure and acid strength of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀. The acid amount of [bmim]₃PW₁₂O₄₀ catalyst was less than that of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀. The [bmim]₃PW₁₂O₄₀ catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity and reusability in the esterification of ethanol and acetic acid to ethyl acetate. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2008, 29(7) (in Chinese)     

醋酸溶液中Pd-CuPc/Y催化甲烷选择氧化制甲醇

以氯化铜、钼酸铵、苯酐、氯化铵、尿素和NaY分子筛为原料,采用苯酐-尿素法制备了酞菁铜/分子筛复合物CuPc/Y.采用等体积浸渍法将金属钯担载在CuPc/Y上制备了Pd-CuPc/Y催化剂,并在醋酸水溶液中考察了其催化甲烷选择氧化合成甲醇反应的性能,结果表明,催化性能与反应温度、溶剂中CH₃COOH与H₂O的混合比例、对苯醌用量、反应时间等因素有关,在0.5%Pd-0.5%CuPc/Y添加量0.5 g、CH₃COOH与H₂O体积比4∶1、对苯醌用量1 000 μmol、反应时间3 h、反应温度150 ℃的条件下,甲醇的最佳生成量为1 840 μmol.Pd-CuPc/Y催化剂可以多次循环使用,但由于催化剂流失和催化剂表面的钯粒子聚集的原因,循环使用后的催化剂催化活性有所下降.Pd-CuPc/Y在醋酸溶液中催化甲烷选择氧化合成甲醇是亲电取代反应和活性氧物种氧化共同作用的结果.     

Synthesis of ethyl acetate by esterification of acetic acid with ethanol over a heteropolyacid on montmorillonite K10

In present work, liquid phase esterification of acetic acid with ethanol over dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on K10 montmorillonite was systematically studied and optimization of process parameters was carried out. The 20% m/m DTPA/K10 was found to be the optimum catalyst with 90% acetic acid conversion and 100% ethyl acetate selectivity. The study was also explored to see the feasibility of 20% m/m DTPA/K10 as a catalyst for the alkylation of acetic acid with other alcohols like methanol, iso-propanol and n-butanol. The 20% m/m DTPA/K10 has shown increased activity with the increase in carbon number, at the same alcohol reflux. The results are novel.     

羟胺酸钴配合物催化混合二甲苯的选择性氧化

合成并表征了羟胺酸配体N 苯甲酰基 N 苯基羟胺 (BPHA)及钴配合物Co(BPHA) 2 ,通过对反应过程的跟踪 ,证明 1∶1型超氧配合物Co(BPHA) 2 ·O2 是反应催化活性中间体。用该配合物为催化剂 ,以纯氧为氧源 ,在0 .5MPa压力下评价了不同的混合二甲苯液相催化氧化的活性 ,证明催化剂具有良好的活性 ,三种二甲苯反应活性大小的顺序为 :对 二甲苯 >邻 二甲苯 >间 二甲苯。当异构二甲苯 1∶1的比例下 ,反应温度 12 5℃ ,催化剂浓度 1.0× 10 - 3mol L时 ,反应 2小时 ,对 二甲苯氧化速度比间 二甲苯快 7倍 ,邻 二甲苯氧化速度比间 二甲苯快 4倍     

Novel mild synthesis of high-added-value p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid using the acidic clay/hydrogen peroxide catalytic system

Acid-activated clays KSF and KSF/0 were successfully used in the hydrogen peroxide conversion of phenyl acetic acid to high-added phenolic compounds: p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, endowed with a powerful antioxidant capacity. The catalytic conversion enhancement could be correlated to the total surface acidity and the high iron content of the catalysts KSF/0 and KSF, respectively. The synthetic route described here was conducted under mild conditions with very low degree of mineralization and without significant Fe ion leaching observations. The synthesis reaction is operationally simple and could find application for industrial purposes.     

乙酸选择性加氢制乙醇反应性能研究

在固定床反应器上考察了反应温度、反应压力、乙酸(HAC)液体进料空速、H_2/HAC(总气体空速GHSV或H_2流量)对乙酸选择性加氢制乙醇反应的影响,研究了乙酸转化率、产物选择性、乙醇时空收率的变化规律,验证了自主开发催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,副产物的选择性受反应条件的影响,选择合适的反应条件可以抑制乙酸乙酯和丙酮的生成。原料与催化剂床层接触时间小于5s时,可以避免发生乙酸加氢分解脱羰反应生成甲烷气相产物,也避免了乙醇的进一步反应生成乙烷。在反应温度为280℃,反应压力为2.5 MPa,乙酸进料液时空速为0.72 h~(-1),H_2/HAC(mol ratio)为16的条件下,乙酸乙酯选择性为6%。900 h长周期实验表明,自主开发催化剂具有较好的工业应用前景。     

Selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid in highly efficient polymer electrolyte membrane-direct ethanol fuel cells

The selective conversion of ethanol into potassium acetate with concomitant production of electrical energy has been achieved in both passive and active direct fuel cells containing platinum-free electrodes and an anion-exchange polymer membrane. The power densities supplied by the passive systems at r.t. can be as high as 55 mW cm^?2, while the active systems can deliver up to 170 mW cm^?2 at 80 °C. Such high values have never been reported for direct ethanol fuel cells with whatsoever electrocatalyst in either alkaline or acidic media.     

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of ethanol: A new process for acetic acid

ESR investigations on ZnO doped with various amounts of -Al₂O₃ thermally treated, are reported. Experimental data are related to the electronic structure of ZnO--Al₂O₃ and to desulfurization specific activity for natural gas.

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ZnO, -Al₂O₃. ZnO/-Al₂O₃ .

     

植物还原法制备负载型金纳米催化剂催化乙醇选择氧化反应

采用侧柏叶提取液还原氯金酸制备负载型金纳米催化剂,通过乙醇选择氧化反应,筛选出催化性能较好的TiO2载体。以TiO2载体为载体,考察了Au负载量、焙烧温度、催化剂用量、碳酸氢钠添加量及催化剂反应条件(时间、温度、压力)等因素对乙醇选择氧化反应的影响。结果表明,1.5%Au/TiO2催化剂(Au负载量为1.5%,质量分率,下同)催化乙醇选择氧化反应性能最佳,产物为乙醛、乙酸乙酯和缩醛,0.5%碳酸氢钠添加剂可抑制缩醛的生成,并可显著提高乙醇转化率和乙酸乙酯选择性。通过优化催化反应条件(1.5%Au/TiO2催化剂焙烧温度为400℃、用量为0.4 g、反应温度为100℃、氧气压力为3 MPa、反应时间为3 h时),乙醇转化率为47.9%,乙酸乙酯选择性为89.1%。     

SiO2负载MoVNbO复合氧化物催化剂上乙烷低温氧化制乙酸

 采用有机金属络合物浸渍表面反应技术制备了SiO2为载体的复合氧化物催化剂Mo3V1Nb0.3Ox/SiO2,并用N2吸附,IR,UV-Vis,TPR和微反技术研究了催化剂的表面结构、晶格氧的活性和对乙烷选择氧化反应的性能. 实验结果表明,复合氧化物与SiO2表面以M-O-Si键连接,金属离子处在四面体和八面体配合物结构之中;含铌的表面复合氧化物中晶格氧的活性明显提高. 在252 ℃,0.5 MPa和空速 2000 h-1的反应条件下,乙烷与氧在Mo3V1Nb0.3Ox/SiO2催化剂上发生反应,生成乙酸和乙醛,乙烷的转化率达16.1%,产物乙酸和乙醛的总选择性为90.3%.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO over iron and manganese oxides supported on mesoporous silica

The selective catalytic oxidation （SCO） of NO was studied on a catalyst consisting of iron-manganese oxide supported on mesoporous silica （MPS） with different Mn/Fe ratios. Effects of the amount of manganese and iron, oxygen, and calcination temperature on NO conversion were also investigated. It was found that the Mn-Fe/MPS catalyst with a Mn/Fe molar ratio of 1 showed the highest activity at the calcination temperature of 400 °C. The results showed that over this catalyst, NO conversion reached 70% under the condition of 280 °C and a space velocity of 5000 h-1. SO2 and H2O had no adverse impact on the reaction activity when the SCO reaction temperature was above 240 °C. In addition, the SCO activity was suppressed gradually in the presence of SO2 and H2O below 240 °C, and such an effect was reversible after heating treatment.     

乙醇的低温光催化氧化实验研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR),在间歇式反应器中研究了高浓度乙醇的低温光催化氧化特性。研究结果表明,FT-IR技术能够用来研究气态有机物的光催化降解特性;在乙醇的光催化降解过程中,有乙醛等中间产物生成,乙醇先被氧化为乙醛,再被氧化为二氧化碳;在间歇式反应器中,乙醇的循环流量对乙醇的瞬时降解速率影响不大;高浓度乙醇的低温光催化氧化过程可以用单步Langmuir-Hinshelwood 方程来描述;温度对乙醇光催化氧化的初始反应速率的影响十分显著,高浓度乙醇的初始反应速率随温度的升高而迅速提高。