氟碳铈镧矿稀土萃取分离流程的经济技术指标比较

根据国内外市场可预测的产品结构，针对包头矿和冕宁矿为代表的氟碳铈镧矿，提出Ｐ５０７ＨＣｌ体系稀土萃取全分离的几种可行工艺流程，比较各流程的槽体级数、容积，有机相、稀土存槽量，盐酸、液氨消耗及控制要求等，由经济技术指标角度得到了从氯碳铈镧矿分离稀土的优化工艺流程。     

四元体系CsCl—PrCl3—13%HCl—H2O（25℃）和CsCl—PrCl3—42%H…

测定了四元体系ＣｓＣｌ－ＰｒＣｌ３－１３％ＨＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ（２５℃）和ＣｓＣｌ－ＰｒＣｌ３－４２％ＨＡｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ（３０℃）的稳定平衡态的溶液数据，绘制了相应的溶度图，两个体系的皆中有４种固相，ＣｓＣｌ，ＰｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ２种原始盐和ＣｓＣｌ．ＰｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ，３ＣｓＣｌ．ＰｒＣｌ３．７Ｈ２Ｏ２种复盐，证实了文献中对Ｍｅｙｅｒ反应１机理的解释，并对新相进行了热分析，Ｘ射线粉末衍射及偏光显微镜测定     

空气—乙炔焰中钇对镱的增感效应及其分析应用

研究了在盐酸介质中钕，钇，镧，铕，以及高氯酸介质中钇对空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镱的增感效应，建立了钇作增感剂和干扰抑制剂，直接测定富钇混合稀土浓集物与氧化钇粗产品中镱的新方法。     

α—蒎烯阳离子聚合的二聚体研究

研究了α－蒎烯阳离子聚合反应中二聚体的形成及其结构。结果表明，活性中心为Ｈ＾＋的ＡｌＣｌ３，ＣＦ３ＳＯ３Ｈ催化体系引发α－蒎烯聚合，产物中二聚体含量较高（２７￣６３％）；而在引发活性中心为金属正离子的ＡｌＣｌ３／ＳｂＣｌ３复合体系的产物中，二聚体含量很低（￣５％）。用制备ＧＰＣ对二聚不同进行分离，进而用＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ进行结构分析，提出了５种主要二聚体的分子结构。不同催化体系导致相     

氯化铯和氯化镧溶剂体系及四类新化合物的合成

研究了四元体系ＣｓＣｌ－ＬａＣｌ３－ＨＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ（２５℃、「ＨＣｌ」＝１３％（ｗｔ），２３％（ｗｔ）和ＣｓＣｌ－ＬａＣｌ３－ＨＡｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ（３０℃，「ＨＡｃ」＝４２％（ｗｔ））的平衡态的溶度数据，并给出制了相应的溶度图，共得到了ＣｓＣｌ．ＬａＣｌ３．４Ｈ２Ｏ、２ＣｓＣｌ．ＬａＣｌ３．２Ｈ２Ｏ和３ＣｓＣｌ．ＬａＣｌ３．３Ｈ２Ｏ３种化合物。对得到的新相进行了热分析，Ｘ射线粉末衍射及偏光性质的测定，依     

2—乙基己基膦酸单（2—乙基己基）酯萃淋树脂分离—火花源质谱法测定…

本文采用萃取色谱法以２－乙基己基膦酸单（２－乙基己基）酯（Ｐ５０７）萃淋树脂为固定相，以ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ体系为淋洗液，研究了９９．９９９％￣９９．９９９９％的高纯Ｙｂ２Ｏ３中稀土杂质和Ｙｂ基体的分离条件，将杂质淋洗液富集于复合螯合剂－活性碳上，经灼烧灰化后制成样品电极，进行质谱测定。测定下限达０．０１￣０．０５μｇ／ｇ，可用于高纯Ｙｂ２Ｏ３中杂质的测定。回收率在８０％以上。     

钕在含NdCl3体系中溶解损失的研究

测定了金属钕在ＮｄＣｌ３－ＭＣｌｎ体系、ＮｄＣｌ３－（９０．０ｗｔ％ＫＣｌｎ）（Ｍ＝Ｌｉ，Ｎａ，Ｋ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ；ｎ＝１或２）截面和ＮｄＣｌ３－ＬｉＦ体系（富ＮｄＣｌ３区）中的溶解损失。发现钕在ＮｄＣｌ３－ＫＣｌ，ＮｄＣｌ３－ＣａＣｌ２和ＮｄＣｌ３－（９０．０ｗｔ％ＫＣｌ，１０．０ｗｔ％ＣａＣｌ２）体系中溶解损失较小，而在ＮｄＣｌ３－ＫＣｌ体系中随温度的升高而加大，当体系中ＮｄＣｌ３浓度＜５０     

化学分离—质谱法定量分析高纯Dy2O3中稀土杂质

以Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂为固定相，ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ为淋洗液，研究了９９．９９９％－９９．９９９９％高纯Ｄｙ２Ｏ３中痕量稀土与基本Ｄｙ的分离法，以及火花源谱法的测定条件。可分析９９．９９９９％超高纯Ｄｙ２Ｏ３中痕量稀土杂质，测定限０．００１－０．１×１０＾－６，误差３０％。     

Grignard试剂同6,6—二烷基富烯反应的研究

烯丙基卤化镁和环戊二烯基溴化镁同６，６－二烷基富烯分别进行富烯环外双键的加成和还原反庆，生成的取代环戊二烯基负离子用（ＣｐＴｉＣｌ２）２Ｏ（Ｃｐ＝环戊二烯基）或ＴｉＣｌ４配合，合成式为Ｃｐ（Ｃ６Ｈ４－ＣＲＲ＾１－ＣＨ２Ｃｈ－ＣＨ２）ＴｉＣｌ２和（Ｃ６Ｈ４ＣＨＲＲ＾１）２ＴｉＣｌ２的化合物，对烯丙基卤化镁、环戊二烯基溴化镁同富烯的反应机理进行了探讨。     

化学分离－质谱法定量分析高纯Dy_2O_3中稀土杂质

以Ｐ_（５０７）萃淋树脂为固定相，ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ为淋洗液，研究了９９．９９９％～９９．９９９９％高纯Ｄｙ２Ｏ３中痕量稀土与基体Ｄｙ的分离法，以及火花源质谱法的测定条件。可分析９９．９９９９％超高纯Ｄｙ２Ｏ３中痕量稀土杂质，测定限０．００１～０．１×１０－６，误差３０％。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。