碳苷研究(Ⅵ)——1-芳基-D-吡喃葡萄糖碳苷的快原子轰击质谱

快原子轰击质谱(FAB-MS)是近几年发展起来的一种质谱新技术^[1],特别适于极性大、不易挥发和对热不稳定的化合物,已用于多肽^[2]、核酸^[3]及苷^[4]的结构测定。     

藏红T萃取分光光度法测定岩石矿物中的微量汞

藏红T[SafraninT(C. I. BasicRed 2)]属于醌亚胺类对氮蒽碱性染料,虽已用于萃取光度法和萃取萤光光度法,但尚未见用于汞的测定.作者在研究和应用碘绿^[1]、乙基紫^[2]、酚藏花红^[3]和碱性品红^[4]等碱性染料作为汞的新显色剂基础上,应用藏红T作显色剂,建立了萃取分光光度法测定微量汞的新方法,并将此法用于岩矿中微量汞的测定.     

噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮稀土螯合物的红外光谱

稀土β-二酮络合物被用作激光材料和核磁位移试剂已进行了广泛的研究^[1]。根据红外光谱峰值、强度和力常数可讨论配位键性质^[2]。对某些(TTA)₃M类型稀土螯合物的红外光谱虽已见报导^[3,4],但对四个双齿配位体与稀土元素螫合成络合物的红外光谱却研究甚少^[5]。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的研究

四乙基铅作为一种良好的抗爆添加剂,曾广泛用于汽油生产中,但由于四乙基铅有很强的毒性,目前国际上已停止生产和使用车用含铅汽油,因此在生产车用无铅汽油时严格控制和准确测定铅的含量十分必要.迄今,测定汽油中铅含量的常用方法是铬酸盐容量法^[1]、一氯化碘法^[2]、X射线光谱法^[3]、分光光度法^[4,5]、原子吸收光谱法^[6]和等离子体光谱法^[7].这些方法或操作烦琐,测定时间较长^[4],或灵敏度低^[1～3],或测定误差较大,且在测试中需使用毒性较大的四乙基铅^[5],或所需的氯化甲基三辛基铵不易购买^[6],或处理过程繁琐,且仪器设备昂贵^[7].因此,建立一种简便、快速、灵敏、准确和无毒副作用的测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的方法已显得十分迫切.近年来发展的微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法^[8]已有商品化仪器问世^[9].本文利用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱仪研究了无铅汽油中痕量铅的测定方法,并提出用微波消解法预处理无铅汽油样品,将微波消解技术与微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法相结合,建立了简便、快速、灵敏、准确和无污染的测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的新方法.     

铈的卤氧化合物的ESCA表征Ⅰ.Ce3d、4d峰及其伴峰

为进一步研究饰的配合物在双烯烃催化聚合反应体系中的作用,我们用XPS研究了一些铈的化合物,为探讨饰配合物的电子结构积累必要数据.对于某些简单的饰化合物,已有一些作者研究^[1,2,3]对于Ce3d的伴峰指定是Shake-up过程^[4],还是Shake-down伴峰^[5,6,7]说法不一我们通过系统研究,对于Ce3d区域的峰提出一些看法。     

固相氯化法氯化聚乙烯晶粒尺寸的X射线衍射研究

晶粒尺寸的测定常用付里叶变换法^[1]和积分宽度法^[2],这两种方法都要求样品相应于某个晶面至少存在三个级别的衍射峰,而对聚合物来说,观察到高级衍射峰的情况是很少见的.方差函数法不要求样品存在三个级别的衍射峰,而且方法简单,曾广泛用于金属材料晶粒尺寸和点阵畸变的测定^[3-5],但在聚合物材料中的应用甚少^[6].本文采用方差函数法对固相氯化法氯化聚乙烯(CPE)和原料聚乙烯(PE)的晶粒尺寸和点阵畸变参数进行了研究,得到了较为满意的结果.     

硝酸钪、钇与缩二脲的固体配合物的合成及性质

六十年代后,缩二脲(以下简称配体B)与过渡金属等配合物的制备及物性测试已相继报道^[1]。但与稀土形成配合物的报道很少,A.Seminara^[2]等合成过镨、钕等氯化物与缩二脲的配合物。钪、钇的硝酸盐与缩二脲固体配合物的合成及其性质的研究尚未见报道。我们在无水乙醇介质中合成出ScB₄(NO₃)₃和YB₄(NO₃)₃固体配合物,并研究了它们的差热、红外光谱、摩尔电导及X-射线粉末衍射等性质。     

离子选择电极法测定胶团的反离子结合度

胶团的反离子结合度(K)对于胶团各种性质的研究是一个至关重要的参数^[1～3]。已有不少方法用于K值的测定,其中以离子选择电极法最为方便^[4～8],且此法赋予K值的含义也与热力学要求相同^[9]。     

稀土-DBF-偶氮氯膦配合物极谱吸附波的研究

近年来稀土(RE)与变色酸偶氮类试剂的配合物极谱吸附波的研究已有若干报道^[1～3],其测定稀土的检测下限一般为10^-6-10^-7mol/L,有些体系可达10^-7～10^-8mol/L^[4]。DBF-偶氮氯膦(DBF-CPA)是一种新的变色酸双偶氮类稀土光度分析试剂^[5,6].该试剂具有选择性好、灵敏度优于其它试剂的特点.但RE(Ⅲ)-DBF-CPA配合物的电化学性质及其在极谱分析中的应用尚未见报道.本文发现在NH₄Cl介质中,RE(Ⅲ)-DBF-CPA配合物在滴汞电极(DME)上产生灵敏的极谱吸附波,利用该波测定稀土具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、线性范围宽等优点。其检出限可达1.4×10^-8mol/L。     

膜乳化-液中干燥法制备单分散高分子微球

粒径可控的单分散高分子微球,在分析化学中可用作高效液相色谱填料^[1,2];在化学工业中可用作催化剂载体;在生物领域中用于药物释放、癌症与肝炎等临床诊断、细胞标记与识别等^[3].高分子微球的制备方法大致可分为两类,一是利用由单体出发的聚合反应或缩聚反应形成微球,二是高分子溶液经物理或物理化学手段处理后形成微球^[4]     

Preparation and Properties of Sol–Gel Thin Film Containing Rhodamine B Derivative with Ethoxy Silano Group on Organic Substrate and its Application to Surface-Treatment Thin Film for Display

A thin film containing rhodamine B derivative with ethoxy silano group was formed on organic film substrate using the sol–gel method. Rhodamine B derivative with a triethoxysilano group, SiO₂ sol and acrylic polymer having a triethoxy group were reacted in alcohol to give a coating solution for film formation, followed to be roll-coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and heat-treated at 130°C. This thin film consists of inorganic polymer (SiO₂), organic polymer (acrylic resin) and organic dye. These component parts become interconnected through mutual chemical bonding. This thin film has an absorption peak at 578 nm and superb water resistant characteristics (almost no dye elution in 50°C water for 150 min) as a result of chemical bonding between the organic dye and the matrix skeleton. It also has good flexibility. The film can be used as a wavelength-selective absorption film for displays to improve contrast.     

高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定药物中的氯乙酰氯

建立测定药物中氯乙酰氯含量的高效液相色谱–荧光检测方法。以吖啶酮乙酰肼为荧光标记试剂,对氯乙酰氯进行柱前衍生。在室温下反应15 min,衍生产率达到最大。衍生溶液在XDB–C18柱上,以水和乙腈为流动相进行分析,激发波长和发射波长分别为255 nm和429 nm。氯乙酰氯浓度在1~1 000 nmol/L范围内与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 9。方法的检出限为0.35 nmol/L,仪器精密度和方法精密度分别为0.52%和0.67%(n=6)。样品加标回收率为92.5%~95.6%。该方法简单、准确,精密度良好,可用于测定药物中氯乙酰氯的残留量。     

In situ, rapid, and temporally resolved measurements of cellulase adsorption onto lignocellulosic substrates by UV-vis spectrophotometry

This study demonstrated two in situ UV-vis spectrophotometric methods for rapid and temporally resolved measurements of cellulase adsorption onto cellulosic and lignocellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis. The cellulase protein absorption peak at 280 nm was used for quantification. The spectral interferences from light scattering by small fibers (fines) and particulates and from absorptions by lignin leached from lignocelluloses were corrected using a dual-wavelength technique. Wavelengths of 500 and 255 nm were used as secondary wavelengths for correcting spectral interferences from light scattering and absorption of leached lignin. Spectral interferences can also be eliminated by taking the second derivative of the measured spectra of enzymatic hydrolysate of cellulose or lignocelluloses. The in situ measured cellulase adsorptions in cellulose and lignocellulose suspensions by these two spectrophotometric methods showed general agreement with batch sampling assayed by the Bradford method. The in situ methods not only eliminated tedious batch sampling but also can resolve the kinetics of the initial adsorption process. The measured time-dependent cellulase adsorptions were found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics.     

Two-photon induced uncaging of a reactive intermediate. Multiphoton in situ detection of a potentially valuable label for biological applications

[reaction: see text] Two-photon induced Wolff rearrangement of a terphenyl diazoketone 1 was achieved by using focused laser pulses of 532 nm from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The nonfluorescent terphenyl diazoketone 1 was transformed into a fluorescent ester derivative 4, which can be detected in situ using the focused laser pulses at 532 nm. Laser power dependence studies show that the Wolff rearrangement is induced by two-photon absorption of the terphenyl diazoketone 1, but suggests that more than two photons of 532 nm are involved (a multiphoton process) in excitation of the ester derivative 4.     

Simultaneous determination of trace metals by solid phase absorptiometry: application to flow analysis of some rare earths

Solid phase absorptiometry was applied to the simultaneous flow analysis of trace metals in combination with a micro black flow-through cell packed with ion exchanger beads and a multi-channel photodetector connected with optical fibers. A 4.0 cm³ sample solution containing five rare earth metal ions (Dy, Ho, Tm, Er and Nd) was introduced into a flow system and these metal ions were concentrated on a cation exchanger (Muromac 50W-X4) in a flow-through cell. The absorbance increases originating from the f-f or d-f transition bands of these metal ions were directly and continuously measured at 910 nm for Dy, at 530 nm for Ho, at 683 nm for Tm, 522 nm for Er and at 790 nm for Nd, respectively. A multi-variable analysis method was combined with the flow analysis because the absorption spectra of the five rare earth metal ions partly overlapped one another. Although no coloring reagents were used, the proposed method was about ¶200 times more sensitive than the corresponding solution method. The reproducibility of this method was less than ± 5%. The detection limits were 0.03, 0.40, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.23 mg dm^–3 for Dy, Ho, Tm, Er and Nd, respectively. Five rare earth metal ions could be precisely determined in practical samples such as yttrium concentrate.     

Spectrophotometric study and analytical application of rare earth tiron complexes-I Determination of neodymium, holmium and erbium

The absorption spectra of neodymium, holmium and erbium Tiron complexes in aqueous solution have been measured from 340 to 650 nm. The absorbance at the wavelength of maximum absorption band of an aqueous medium containing neodymium (pH 4.5), neodymium (pH 12.0), holmium (pH 5.0) and erbium (pH 5.0) Tiron complexes was about 4 (at 578 nm), 9 (at 571 nm), 9 (at 450 nm) and 5 (at 376 nm) times greater, respectively, than for the same quantities of the corresponding chlorides. The spectrophotometric determination of these elements has been investigated. Combining ratios of Tiron to rare earth have been found to be 3:2 and 2:1.     

Simultaneous determination of trace metals by solid phase absorptiometry: application to flow analysis of some rare earths

Solid phase absorptiometry was applied to the simultaneous flow analysis of trace metals in combination with a micro black flow-through cell packed with ion exchanger beads and a multi-channel photodetector connected with optical fibers. A 4.0 cm³ sample solution containing five rare earth metal ions (Dy, Ho, Tm, Er and Nd) was introduced into a flow system and these metal ions were concentrated on a cation exchanger (Muromac 50W-X4) in a flow-through cell. The absorbance increases originating from the f-f or d-f transition bands of these metal ions were directly and continuously measured at 910 nm for Dy, at 530 nm for Ho, at 683 nm for Tm, 522 nm for Er and at 790 nm for Nd, respectively. A multi-variable analysis method was combined with the flow analysis because the absorption spectra of the five rare earth metal ions partly overlapped one another. Although no coloring reagents were used, the proposed method was about ?200 times more sensitive than the corresponding solution method. The reproducibility of this method was less than ± 5%. The detection limits were 0.03, 0.40, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.23 mg dm^–3 for Dy, Ho, Tm, Er and Nd, respectively. Five rare earth metal ions could be precisely determined in practical samples such as yttrium concentrate. Received: 14 March 2000 / Revised: 24 May 2000 / Accepted: 28 May 2000     

High-resolution spectra of selected rare earth elements and spectral interferences studied by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES)

The rare earth elements (REEs) play very important roles in industrial manufacturing, technology development and biological processes. Due to their complex emission spectra, trace levels of REEs are difficult to analyze by conventional ICP-AES techniques. The present study investigates possible spectral interferences of matrices (rare earth oxides of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Dy) on the analytical lines (± 0.1 nm) of a target REE. Detailed and well-resolved spectra for selected REEs are presented, and procedures used to rectify the problem of spectral interferences caused by REE matrices are discussed. A computer-assisted system (CAS) for spectral recognition has been developed and used to assist in the study of matrix interference. To determine directly trace rare earth elements in REE matrices without sample pre-separation, the application potential is demonstrated with a one meter sequential instrument retrofitted with a 3600 grooves/mm grating.     

用水溶性四苯基乙烯基荧光探针检测ctDNA

设计合成了一种水溶性的四苯基乙烯(TPE)衍生物TPEDPyMe,研究了该化合物的吸收和发射特性,发现TPEDPyMe具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性能.在pH值为7.2的三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸(tris-HCl)缓冲溶液中用TPEDPyMe检测小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)时观察到,随着ctDNA的浓度从0μg/mL增大到...     

Fluorescence properties of Ag nanoparticles in water

Ag nanoparticles in water phase have been synthesized employing the electro-exploding wire technique. A surface plasmon peak is observed at 400nm, characteristic of the Ag nanoparticles. A fluorescence emission peak is recorded at 300nm for excitation wavelengths in two different ranges 215-230 and 255-280nm. The position of the fluorescence peak remains fixed, irrespective of the excitation wavelength employed. These are assigned to electronic transition from different higher excited states to d levels of the Ag nanoparticles. In concomitant with these, there are two resonant absorptions at 5.76 and 4.59eV as evident from the fluorescence excitation spectra.