模糊推理在捷联航姿系统中的应用

为了减小捷联航姿系统航姿解算过程中陀螺漂移和积分过程等因素对航姿精度的影响,结合各传感器输出与载体运动状态相关的特性,提出了一种基于模糊推理的IMU(惯性测量组件)/磁传感器信息融合方法.通过模糊推理系统判断出载体当前的运动状态,在准静态下对IMU中陀螺解算的姿态信息和加表解算的姿态信息进行融合可提高载体的姿态精度,对陀螺解算的航向信息和准静态下磁罗经提供的航向信息进行融合可提高载体的航向精度.经过跑车试验且与跑车过程中作为基准的光纤/GPS航姿系统的航姿结果进行比较,验证了该推理过程和融合算法的正确性.     

基于低成本IMU的捷联航姿系统软件设计与实现

在已设计好的捷联航姿系统硬件平台基础上,集传感器信息处理模块、航姿解算模块和信息融合模块于一体,综合设计了基于低成本IMU的捷联航姿系统软件算法.特别是在信息融合模块中采用了基于模糊推理的变加权系数多传感器信息融合算法,从而实现对惯性数据的融合,减小了系统随时间积累的航姿误差,保证航姿系统的精度指标满足要求(静态航姿精度±1.0°,动态航姿精度±2.5°).软件算法的验证采用低成本MT9-B惯性测量组件的实测数据分别进行了静、动态实验.实验结果表明,所设计的软件算法可时实进行低成本陀螺的零偏估计与补偿,并能准确地进行多传感器信息融合,从而能够有效地提高系统的航姿精度.     

一种新的舰船航姿测量方法

提出了一种采用加速度计、磁强计和GPS芯片为主要传感器构成的舰船航姿测量模型,开发了由运动生成模块和姿态解算模块两部分组成的仿真程序,对舰船航姿测量模型进行了仿真实验分析验证。实验结果表明,该模型可以实时解算舰船航姿。在GPS速度测量误差为0.05 m/s,加速度计分辨率为10-5g,磁强计测量精度为0.5μT的情况下,舰船航向测量精度优于0.68°,姿态测量精度优于0.35°。     

惯性辅助超短基线GPS航姿解算

ＧＰＳ航姿系统是利用ＧＰＳ 载波相位相对测量来确定载体的航向和姿态。对于只有２ ～３ 个载波波长的超短基线，载波相位初始模糊度的确定将变得容易，而且这样的超短基线有利于周跳的检测，但超短基线使航姿解算精度较低。为了提高航姿解算的精度和可靠性，本文提出了ＧＰＳ航姿和低精度陀螺的组合系统，并进行了仿真研究。     

测试设备输出误差对航姿系统测试的影响

圆锥误差是评定航姿系统精度的一个重要指标,一般可通过测试设备模拟圆锥运动进行研究,然而由于测试设备提供的测试输出信号不精确,给航姿系统的测试引入较大误差,作通过误差分析的方法研究了测试设备输出误差对航姿系统输出的影响,给出了测试输出误差与航姿 系统测试误差的关系表达式,以此为基础,确定了对测试设备输出精度的要求。     

船用惯性导航系统姿态测量误差辨识及其补偿方法研究

本文分析了某型号船用惯性导航系统（ＳＩＮＳ）的试验数据，结果表明，ＳＩＮＳ的姿态误差主要来源于水平测姿传感器。据此，本文对该ＳＩＮＳ水平姿态测量误差的辨识及其补偿方法进行了研究，并建立了水平测姿误差的回归数学模型，以提高ＳＩＮＳ姿态精度     

无人机捷联航姿系统磁航向误差分析

为进一步提高某型飞机捷联航姿系统的磁航向精度,分析了该系统中姿态角误差对磁航向精度的影响,详细推导了磁航向角的误差公式。结合某型飞机的特点,对误差公式做了进一步简化分析,结论表明磁航向角的误差大小主要由姿态角误差的平方和决定。采用试飞数据进行仿真,结果验证了误差公式及分析结论的正确性。     

基于地球红外辐射场的旋转弹丸姿态测试方法

针对微惯性器件无法满足高转速弹丸飞行过程中的滚转姿态测量要求的问题,提出了基于地球红外辐射场的旋转弹丸姿态测试方法。首先,研究了地球红外辐射场的产生机理和特性,分析了天地间红外辐射率的变化规律。然后,结合旋转弹丸在飞行过程中的运动特征,建立了红外传感器测量模型,推导了弹丸姿态与传感器感测信号的函数关系。最后,合理布局红外传感器,基于误差传递的原理,改进了常规的姿态解算算法,进一步提高了传感器测试信号的利用率。结果表明,利用地球红外辐射场测姿具有较高的精度,俯仰角解算误差在±0.3°以内,改进解算方案的横滚角解算误差在±0.5°以内。该姿态测量系统简单有效,能够满足旋转飞行体的姿态测量要求。     

基于内阻尼的捷联航姿算法

捷联惯性航姿系统自身的特征就是误差存在舒勒周期振荡和傅科周期振荡,这就限制了捷联惯性航姿系统的精度。为了提高系统精度,将传统的平台内阻尼的思想引入到捷联惯性航姿系统中,通过设计水平回路中误差通道的三阶内阻尼网络,利用系统自身的速度信息来阻尼周期振荡,同时在内阻尼思想基础上提出了基于内阻尼的捷联航姿算法。由于改变了舒勒调谐的条件,内阻尼算法只有在加速度较小的条件下才能适用。通过数字仿真证明,在载体加速度较小的条件下,新的算法能够抑制舒勒周期振荡和傅科周期振荡,提高了捷联惯性航姿系统的精度。     

旋转IMU在光纤捷联航姿系统中的应用

惯性测量单元输出信号的精度直接影响捷联惯性导航系统的精度,为了提高捷联系统的精度,以舰船光纤捷联惯性航姿系统为应用对象,采用了双轴旋转机构连续匀速旋转IMU的系统方法,把惯性测量单元输出信号中的漂移误差调制成正弦信号,通过捷联算法中的积分运算可以有效地消除陀螺和加速度计中的漂移误差,从而有效地提高捷联惯性航姿系统的精度,并进行了系统仿真实验。仿真结果表明:经过旋转以后的IMU输出信号误差较传统非旋转方法可以减小一个数量级。基于双轴旋转IMU的系统方法可以有效地减小IMU输出信号漂移误差和提高捷联惯性航姿系统的精度。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.