制备波导光栅的相位掩膜技术

制备波导光栅的相位掩膜技术＊马少杰李燕徐迈林久令（中国科学院长春物理研究所，长春１３００２１）（中国科学院激发态物理开放研究实验室，长春１３００２１）关键词光波导，光栅耦合器，全息光栅自从７０年Ｄａｋｓｓ等人首次报道了集成光波导光栅器件以来［１］，波...     

用多级衍射全息光栅实现2-D自由空间光学互连网络

用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪分两步记录制作了具有多级衍射的全息光栅.利用其多级衍射效应,实现了一点到多点的光学互连.再将两个1-D光栅正交密接实现2-D自由空间光学互连网络.结果表明该方法是可行的,且结构简单、操作容易.     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

用于光互连的一种非线性调制光栅

将液晶夹在表面刻有浮雕型光栅的两玻璃平板间,构成一种非线性调制光栅。514．5nm波长的Ar离子激光入射到光栅上,光强变化可调制光栅的三级布拉格衍射效率。     

用作光学蝶互边网络的全息互连光栅的研究

提出了利用平面倾斜条纹透射体全息光栅等光强的０级和１级衍射光实现蝶互连网络中的直连和交连。在红敏光致聚合物干版上面制备出了这种光栅互连器件，并给出了这种器件的设计原理和制备方法。     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析EI北大核心CSCD

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

All-Optical Bistability in Grating Coupling to Nonlinear Waveguide

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＮｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｐｒｉｓｍｔｏｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｐｌａｎａｒｗａｖｅｇｕｉｄｅｈａｓｂｅｎｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓｏｆｏｐｔｉｃａｌｌｉ...     

Effect of Material Response Time on Optical Bistability in Nonlinear Distributed Feedback Gratings

The dynamic behaviors of nonlinear periodic waveguides with a finite material response time have been investigated by numerically solving both the coupled-mode equations and Debye relaxation equation. When the response time of the nonlinearity is more than the transit time through the grating, a modulational instability is sufficiently suppressed and one can obtain optical bistability. Unlike a nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator or ring resonators, overshoot in the transmission never takes place in the case of zero detuning. However, a relaxation (or damped) oscillation always takes place in the presence of detuning. It is also found that the switch-on time depends on the material response time and the switch-off time is almost independent of it.     

全息光栅制作新发现

介绍了全息光栅制作过程中的问题及解决方法,并从实验的角度揭示了马赫-曾特尔全息干涉光路图的局限性,为制作高频全息光栅提供新的思路.     

Optimization of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers Based on Arrayed Waveguide Gratings with Fabrication Errors for Transparent Optical Networks

A transparent optical network (TON) composed by optical add-drop multiplexers based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with fabrication errors is optimized for 10 Gbit/s per channel and channel spacing of 25 GHz. The optimization takes into account the effect of inter-symbol interference, amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation, and coherent and incoherent homodyne crosstalk. Numerical results reveal that AWG fabrication errors can have a high influence on the TON performance; however, in all investigated situations, they do not affect the AWG parameters values corresponding to the optimum AWG frequency response. This surprising behavior is due to the fabrication errors affect mainly the AWG response outside the passband for the required AWG crosstalk level. It is shown that the optimum AWG frequency response is a flat-top response with a mean amplitude response outside the passband lower than -30 dB and the switch isolation should exceed 30 dB.     

Optimization of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers Based on Arrayed Waveguide Gratings with Fabrication Errors for Transparent Optical Networks

A transparent optical network (TON) composed by optical add-drop multiplexers based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with fabrication errors is optimized for 10 Gbit/s per channel and channel spacing of 25 GHz. The optimization takes into account the effect of inter-symbol interference, amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation, and coherent and incoherent homodyne crosstalk. Numerical results reveal that AWG fabrication errors can have a high influence on the TON performance; however, in all investigated situations, they do not affect the AWG parameters values corresponding to the optimum AWG frequency response. This surprising behavior is due to the fabrication errors affect mainly the AWG response outside the passband for the required AWG crosstalk level. It is shown that the optimum AWG frequency response is a flat-top response with a mean amplitude response outside the passband lower than ?30 dB and the switch isolation should exceed 30 dB.     

布拉格光纤光栅热稳定性研究

分析了布拉格光纤光栅纤芯折射率和光栅反射率随温度和时间变化的规律，应用有关模型提出了加速衰变的概念，并由此建立了相关退火工艺。利用衰变曲线可预测光栅在给定时间和温度下的特性，理论和实验结果相吻合。     

基于光纤Bragg光栅位移测量的研究

介绍了一种基于布喇格光纤光栅技术的位移测量方法。利用宽带光源经不同的布喇格光栅得到一种由温度稳定器控制波长稳定性的合成光源。由于系统设计的合成光源波长比常规光源的波长长，所以允许的光程差测量范崮提高了几百倍，从而使得布喇格光纤光栅的波长准确性提高了干涉仪位移测量的准确性。此外，利用光外差法马赫一曾德尔干涉仪进行了位移测量实验，得到了很好的效果。     

光栅子结构对光纤光栅特性的影响

用传输矩阵法对具有不同参数的λ／４移相结构，多节λ／４移相结构，有效折射率调制结构，耦合系数调制结构和“缝合”误差结构等五种光栅子结构进行了数值模拟计算，模拟结果解释了作者研制的均匀光纤光栅，相移光纤光栅的传输谱，也验证了其他研究小组发表的实验结果，通过对各种结构的系统研究了，提出了一些新的利用光纤光栅的设想。     

High efficiency grating couplers based on shared process with CMOS MOSFETs

Grating couplers are widely investigated as coupling interfaces between silicon-on-insulator waveguides and optical fibers.In this work,a high-efficiency and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) process compatible grating coupler is proposed.The poly-Si layer used as a gate in the CMOS metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET) is combined with a normal fully etched grating coupler,which greatly enhances its coupling efficiency.With optimal structure parameters,a coupling efficiency can reach as high as ～ 70% at a wavelength of 1550 nm as indicated by simulation.From the angle of fabrication,all masks and etching steps are shared between MOSFETs and grating couplers,thereby making the high performance grating couplers easily integrated with CMOS circuits.Fabrication errors such as alignment shift are also simulated,showing that the device is quite tolerant in fabrication.