二维自适应非结构网格DSMC并行算法研究

研究了二维自适应非结构网格DSMC并行算法实现的过程.首先提出了一类非结构网格自适应策略,有效降低了网格尺度对计算结果的影响,提高了流场的分辨率;然后基于PC-CLUSTER群机并行体系结构与消息传递库MPI并行环境,利用分区并行思想,设计了非结构网格DSMC并行算法,节约了计算时间.利用For-tran90的动态分配内存技术编制了通用计算程序;最后对过渡流域高超声绕流进行了数值模拟,计算结果初步验证了算法的可行性与有效性.     

并行计算结构力学的发展和展望

本文简要介绍了结构力学中并行分析方法的发展概况及笔者在这个领域所作的主要工作,并对该领域的未来发展趋势作了展望;指出并行机和并行算法在未来的科学研究和工程分析计算中,必定成为一种重要的工具和必不可少的方法．      

结构有限元分析并行处理的研究进展

在过去20年, 由于并行计算机的出现, 对结构工程应用的有限元算法研究已取得很大的进展. 为了将串行机上运行的算法改成并行和研制适应于并行计算机的新方法, 一直在进行大量的研究. 本文论述了该领域一些已有的有限元并行算法, 对适应结构工程的一些有限元并行算法进行概括. 对该领域的未来发展趋势作了展望.      

自适应网格技术在流体力学界面处理中的应用

自适应网格技术是流体力学数值计算中的重要内容之一．不仅能够处理大变形问题，而且能够大大提高物质界面的计算精度。针对结构网格给出了网格细化结构、误差估计、数据管理、网格产生算法等。通过对强激波双马赫反射及Rayleigh-Taylor界面不稳定性现象进行数值模拟．获得符合精度要求的对激波阵面及物质界面自适应跟踪结果。     

基于射线穿透法的GPU并行阶梯型有限差分网格生成算法

三维大规模有限差分网格生成技术是三维有限差分计算的基础,网格生成效率是三维有限差分网格生成的研究热点。传统的阶梯型有限差分网格生成方法主要有射线穿透法和切片法。本文在传统串行射线穿透法的基础上,提出了基于GPU （graphic processing unit）并行计算技术的并行阶梯型有限差分网格生成算法。并行算法应用基于分批次的数据传输策略,使得算法能够处理的数据规模不依赖于GPU内存大小,平衡了数据传输效率和网格生成规模之间的关系。为了减少数据传输量,本文提出的并行算法可以在GPU线程内部相互独立的生成射线起点坐标,进一步提高了并行算法的执行效率和并行化程度。通过数值试验的对比可以看出,并行算法的执行效率远远高于传统射线穿透法。最后,通过有限差分计算实例可以证实并行算法能够满足复杂模型大规模数值模拟的需求。     

一种新的并行自适应网格有限元算法

给出了一种新的适用于流体力学问题的并行自适应有限元算法。首先，基于初始稀网格上获得的事后误差估算值，应用反复谱对剖分方法对初网格进行划分，使各子域上总体误差近似相等，从而解决并行自适应计算中的负载平衡问题。然后在各处理器上独立地求解整体问题，并进行指定子域上的网格自适应处理。最后将各子域上的自适应网格组合成一个整体网格，应用基于粘接元技术的区域分裂法在该网格上获得最终解。文末给出了数值实验结果。     

无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin方法的并行计算研究

研究了无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin方法MLPG(Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Method)的并行算法与并行实现过程。将MLPG方法推广到弹性动力学问题,研究了MLPG方法中节点搜索、积分点搜索、数值积分及方程组求解等过程的并行算法,并给出了MLPG方法并行计算的具体实现过程。两个数值算例验证了MLPG并行算法的有效性;计算结果表明,MLPG方法的并行计算具有很好的并行性能和可扩展性。     

用多色染色理论实现有限元刚度矩阵并行组集

根据多色染色理论，在同一节点有任意多个单元邻接的情况下，对有限元的单元进行了分类；在刚度矩阵组集时，同类单元可以并行计算，从而提高了组集效率．该并行算法在PVM(并行虚拟机器)并行平台上进行了具体实现，取得了较好的并行效率．     

面向复杂几何模型的并行四面体网格生成方法

面向大规模工程计算等数值模拟领域,提出了一种支持复杂几何模型的大规模四面体网格并行生成方法。该方法以复杂几何模型作为输入,首先采用串行网格生成方法生成初始四面体网格,然后通过两级区域分解方法将初始网格分解为多个子网格并分配到相应的进程中,进程间并行地提取出子网格的表面网格,并基于几何模型对面网格进行贴体加密,最后对加密后的面网格采用Delaunay方法重新生成四面体网格,该方法可以更好地适应高性能计算机体系结构,较好地克服了并行方法中并行性能和网格质量不能兼顾的问题。对三峡大坝模型进行测试和验证,证明该方法具有良好的并行效率和可扩展性,可以在数万处理器核上并行生成数十亿高质量四面体网格。     

微机网络并行环境下杆壳组合结构动力特性并行计算

回顾了有限元并行计算发展的历史,阐述了微机网络并行计算环境的意义,给出了基于微机网络并行环境的杆壳组合结构动力分析并行算法,该算法包括杆壳组合结构总刚度矩阵和总质量矩阵的并行计算以及求解广义特征值问题的并行子空间迭代法的并行计算,在多台微机上安装PVM．使用Linux操作系统．构成分布式微机网络并行计算环境,将上述算法用于某型号飞机机翼及某型号挂架动力特性的并行计算,在该并行环境下的教值试验表明所给算法是非常有效的。     

A PARALLEL BLOCK-STRUCTURED MULTIGRID METHOD FOR THE PREDICTION OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS

In this paper a parallel multigrid finite volume solver for the prediction of steady and unsteady flows in complex geometries is presented. For the handling of the complexity of the geometry and for the parallelization a unified approach connected with the concept of block-structured grids is employed. The parallel implementation is based on grid partitioning with automatic load balancing and follows the message-passing concept, ensuring a high degree of portability. A high numerical efficiency is obtained by a non-linear multigrid method with a pressure correction scheme as smoother. By a number of numerical experiments on various parallel computers the method is investigated with respect to its numerical and parallel efficiency. The results illustrate that the high performance of the underlying sequential multigrid algorithm can largely be retained in the parallel implementation and that the proposed method is well suited for solving complex flow problems on parallel computers with high efficiency.     

The implementation of an aeronautical CFD flow code onto distributed memory parallel systems

The parallelization of an industrially important in‐house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for calculating the airflow over complex aircraft configurations using the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The code discussed is the flow solver module of the SAUNA CFD suite. This suite uses a novel grid system that may include block‐structured hexahedral or pyramidal grids, unstructured tetrahedral grids or a hybrid combination of both. To assist in the rapid convergence to a solution, a number of convergence acceleration techniques are employed including implicit residual smoothing and a multigrid full approximation storage scheme (FAS). Key features of the parallelization approach are the use of domain decomposition and encapsulated message passing to enable the execution in parallel using a single programme multiple data (SPMD) paradigm. In the case where a hybrid grid is used, a unified grid partitioning scheme is employed to define the decomposition of the mesh. The parallel code has been tested using both structured and hybrid grids on a number of different distributed memory parallel systems and is now routinely used to perform industrial scale aeronautical simulations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Computational fluid dynamics—retrospective and prospective

This paper reviews some of the seminal developments in CFD algorithms, both from the viewpoint of their technical impact, and the “cultural” context out of which they arose. It is argued that the development of massively parallel computers has had a baleful effect on some aspects of algorithm technology, leading to important questions being ignored. After listing some of the areas in which current CFD codes are less than adequate, some of the authors own research into those areas is summarized.     

有限元程序的一种并行化算法

传统的以串行计算机为物质基础的有限元算法分析未能满足科学研究和工程技术发展的需要．并行处理技术的发展为解决此类问题提供了新的契机．机群式并行计算机是当今较为流行的一种并行处理方式．根据有限元法的特点，提出了一种并行有限元算法，并在多处理机分布式内存并行计算机环境下完成了面向对象并行有限元程序的编制．算例表明该算法能大大提高其分析速度，而且算法简单，实现方便．     

High performance parallel computing of flows in complex geometries

Efficient numerical tools taking advantage of the ever increasing power of high-performance computers, become key elements in the fields of energy supply and transportation, not only from a purely scientific point of view, but also at the design stage in industry. Indeed, flow phenomena that occur in or around the industrial applications such as gas turbines or aircraft are still not mastered. In fact, most Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) predictions produced today focus on reduced or simplified versions of the real systems and are usually solved with a steady state assumption. This article shows how recent developments of CFD codes and parallel computer architectures can help overcoming this barrier. With this new environment, new scientific and technological challenges can be addressed provided that thousands of computing cores are efficiently used in parallel. Strategies of modern flow solvers are discussed with particular emphases on mesh-partitioning, load balancing and communication. These concepts are used in two CFD codes developed by CERFACS: a multi-block structured code dedicated to aircrafts and turbo-machinery as well as an unstructured code for gas turbine flow predictions. Leading edge computations obtained with these high-end massively parallel CFD codes are illustrated and discussed in the context of aircrafts, turbo-machinery and gas turbine applications. Finally, future developments of CFD and high-end computers are proposed to provide leading edge tools and end applications with strong industrial implications at the design stage of the next generation of aircraft and gas turbines.     

基于并联平台的卫星微振动控制研究进展

高分辨率已经成为了目前我国卫星发展的一个重要方向,在这进程中必须要攻克的一个重要技术难题就是对卫星微振动的控制.首先综述了国内外在使用并联平台解决微振动控制问题方面的发展情况,主要是平台研制及性能情况对比,对比发现,基于并联平台的微振动控制技术我国目前相比于国外还存在一定差距.然后对并联平台的典型构型设计、动力学建模、控制系统设计、平台优化以及地面模拟试验等研究进行了详细的总结.最后对我国微振动控制技术未来需要进一步深入研究的问题提出了展望.     

A HIERARCHICAL PARALLEL COMPUTING APPROACH FOR STRUCTURAL STATIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

根据分布式存储并行计算机的体系结构特点,提出了一种结构静力有限元分层并行计算方法. 该方法在两级分区两次缩聚策略的基础上不仅实现了大量数据的分布式存储,提高了数据的内存访问速率;而且实现了计算过程的三层并行,有效提高了通信效率;此外,它还进一步降低了界面方程的规模,大幅度减少了界面方程的求解时间. 因此,它能够充分利用分布式存储并行计算机的体系结构特点提升大规模并行计算效率. 最后通过典型数值算例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

ADAPTIVE PARALLEL MULTIGRID SOLUTION OF 2D INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS

In this paper an adaptive parallel multigrid method and an application example for the 2D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are described. The strategy of the adaptivity in the sense of local grid refinement in the multigrid context is the multilevel adaptive technique (MLAT) suggested by Brandt. The parallelization of this method on scalable parallel systems is based on the portable communication library CLIC and the message-passing standards: PARMACS, PVM and MPI. The specific problem considered in this work is a two-dimensional hole pressure problem in which a Poiseuille channel flow is disturbed by a cavity on one side of the channel. Near geometric singularities a very fine grid is needed for obtaining an accurate solution of the pressure value. Two important issues of the efficiency of adaptive parallel multigrid algorithms, namely the data redistribution strategy and the refinement criterion, are discussed here. For approximate dynamic load balancing, new data in the adaptive steps are redistributed into distributed memories in different processors of the parallel system by block remapping. Among several refinement criteria tested in this work, the most suitable one for the specific problem is that based on finite-element residuals from the point of view of self-adaptivity and computational efficiency, since it is a kind of error indicator and can stop refinement algorithms in a natural way for a given tolerance. Comparisons between different global grids without and with local refinement have shown the advantages of the self-adaptive technique, as this can save computer memory and speed up the computing time several times without impairing the numerical accuracy. © 1997 By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 24, 875–892, 1997.     

THE PROGRESS OF THE OVERLAPPING GRID TECHNIQUES

从网格装配和插值计算两个主要方面对现有的重叠网格方法进行了综述。首先,从挖洞方法和建立嵌入网格关系环节的寻点技术出发归纳和介绍了网格装配方法;其次,介绍了数值迭代过程中的插值计算方法,并特别讨论了插值守恒性以及插值计算精度等问题;另外,对重叠网格方法的并行计算和应用成果也作了介绍;最后,通过总结认为重叠网格方法在改进网格装配方法、改善插值和并行计算效率等方面仍需进一步研究。