基于SBFEM和深度学习的裂纹状缺陷反演模型

结构内部缺陷的识别是结构健康监测的重要研究内容, 而当前以无损检测为主的结构安全检测多以定性分析为主, 定量识别缺陷的尺度较困难. 本文将比例边界有限元法(scaled boundary finite element methods, SBFEM)和深度学习相结合, 提出了基于Lamb波在结构中传播时的反馈信号定量识别结构内部裂纹状缺陷的反演模型. 通过随机生成缺陷信息(位置、大小), 采用SBFEM模拟Lamb波在含不同缺陷信息的结构中的信号传播过程, SBFEM仅需对结构边界离散可最小化网格重划分过程, 大大提高了计算效率. Lamb波在含裂纹状缺陷结构中传播时观测点的反馈信号包含大量的裂纹信息, 基于这一特性可为深度学习模型提供足够多的反映问题特性的训练数据. 建议的缺陷反演模型规避了传统反分析问题的目标函数极小化迭代过程, 在保证计算精度的前提下大大减少了计算成本. 对含单裂纹和多裂纹板的数值算例进行分析, 结果表明: 建立的缺陷识别模型能够准确地量化结构内部的缺陷, 对浅表裂纹亦有很好的识别效果, 且对于含噪信号模型仍具有较好的鲁棒性.      

基于拓扑优化的结构弹性成像方法

弹性模量是工程材料重要的性能参数, 可以衡量物体抵抗弹性变形的能力. 弹性成像是一种通过弹性模量表征生物体组织物理特性的医学成像方法. 为了将弹性成像应用于机械装备结构的缺陷识别, 提高弹性成像的局部表征和全局识别能力, 提出一种基于拓扑优化的结构弹性成像方法. 受拓扑优化理论启发, 采用结构离散单元的相对密度(弹性模量系数)作为弹性成像参数来表征损伤程度, 建立成像参数与弹性模量的插值模型, 基于有限元模型构建损伤表征、结构模型与物理响应的映射关系. 以损伤结构和无损结构位移响应的最小二乘为目标函数, 以成像参数上下限为约束, 建立结构弹性成像的优化模型. 以伴随法推导弹性成像问题的灵敏度, 并详细给出了弹性成像反演的数值实施方式. 二维悬臂梁和米歇尔梁算例表明, 本文提出的基于拓扑优化的弹性成像方法无需先验损伤信息, 可有效实现均质/非均质、单/多缺陷结构的弹性成像, 且弹性成像结果不依赖于特定的边界条件, 进一步将弹性成像方法扩展至三维悬臂梁问题验证了其通用性.      

有限散射信号下二维缺陷形状识别的罚函数方法

研究在有限照射角度和频带宽度下二维缺陷的形状识别问题。首先,通过引进介质参数扰动函数,建立介质参数扰动函数和弹性波散射场之间的非线性关系,并将所关心的缺陷的形状识别问题转化为关于扰动函数的反演;然后,利用变分技术和优化方法求解,为了弥补散射数据的不足,在总的目标函数中,采用附加度量函数作为罚函数;最后,对后场散射远场测量时有限照射角度和频带宽度下几种典型缺陷进行了模拟识别,表明了;表明了罚函数法的有效性。     

基于视觉技术的光纤陀螺闭合光路光纤缺陷检测方法

针对光纤陀螺内部光纤在装配后光路闭合,无有效手段进行光纤缺陷检查,对光纤陀螺长期稳定可靠工作带来潜在危险的问题,提出利用红外视觉检测技术检查光纤缺陷,分析光纤缺陷图像特征,采用最大熵法进行图像分割,提出了结合直方图特征、缺陷区域形状特征、缺陷边界形状特征提取方法,采用改进的神经网络分类方法,用两层网络进行缺陷分类,识别判断不同类别的光纤缺陷。针对光纤缺陷图像的处理结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测光纤缺陷,对不可接受的缺陷能够100%地正确判断。     

基于混合遗传算法的动力系统阻尼参数识别方法

将动力系统阻尼参数识别反问题转化为非线性优化问题处理，提出了基于遗传算法的动力系统阻尼参数识别方法。为了提高简单遗传算法的计算效率和处理早熟问题，将模拟退火算法与遗传算法相结合，建立了混合遗传算法。数值计算结果表明，本文所建立的方法对于求解参数识别反问题和非线性优化问题是非常有效的，并且具有良好的鲁棒性和全局收敛能力。     

平稳随机振动荷载识别的逆虚拟激励法（一）

本文将虚拟激励法作了逆向推广，从而用确定性方式求解了平稳随机振动的荷载谱识别问题。即已知部分响应的自谱与互谱，反求多点激励间的自谱与互谱。并通过计算机模拟，讨论了识别的精度及影响因素等问题。     

剪切散斑干涉与有限元优化计算相结合实现缺陷参数的定量求解

本文将剪切散斑干涉与有限元优化分析相结合，对薄壁压力容器缝缺陷进行了定量检测，通过对优化计算结果和已知的缺陷参数所构成的目标函数的求解，获得了较为精确的缺陷参数识别结果。     

考虑轴力二阶效应悬臂梁的支承及裂纹参数识别

建立了轴向压力作用下悬臂裂纹梁边界支承和裂纹损伤程度识别方法．首先,将悬臂梁边界非完整支承等效为竖向和扭转弹簧、梁中开裂纹等效为内部扭转弹簧,利用Laplace变换,得到了边界弹性支承、考虑轴向压力二阶效应、具有任意裂纹数目Euler-Bernoulli悬臂梁弯曲挠度的解析解．其次,提出了边界弹性支承弹簧柔度和裂纹等效扭转弹簧柔度的识别方法．最后,通过数值试验,考察了轴向压力,裂纹深度以及测量误差等对识别结果的影响,说明了本文考虑轴向压力二阶效应的悬臂梁边界支承弹簧柔度及裂纹等效扭转弹簧柔度识别方法的适用性和可靠性,结果表明：相比于应变测量误差,挠度测量误差对裂纹损伤程度识别结果影响更加敏感,且轴向压力对裂纹损伤程度识别影响较小,因此,应严格控制挠度的测量误差．同时,边界支承扭转弹簧柔度的识别误差大于其竖向弹簧柔度识别误差．这些结果为实际工程中边界非完整支承悬臂裂纹梁的参数识别提供了指导．     

基于模态振型和平稳小波变换的悬臂梁微小缺陷识别研究

结构损伤识别方法有很多种,通常结构振动模态振型对缺陷的损伤识别较为敏感,振型体现结构的固有属性及结构局部的特征,可以用于检测缺陷的存在及其位置。但是缺陷比较微小时,仅仅通过振型难以进行损伤识别。因此本文通过对振型进行平稳小波变换处理来检测悬臂梁的微小缺陷。通过有限元模态分析获得含不同缺陷深度、不同缺陷宽度、不同缺陷位置的悬臂梁模型的振型并利用平稳小波变换进行分析处理。结果表明:该方法可以准确判断缺陷的存在及其位置,并且平稳小波细节系数突变峰值随着缺陷深度增大而增大,随着缺陷宽度增大而增大;另外,该方法受振型节点影响,在工程实际应用时应综合前几阶次振型进行缺陷识别。     

一种用于计算板中缺陷兰姆波散射的混合边界元法

本文介绍了一种将传统边界元法和兰姆波的本征模式函数相结合的混合边界元法，用此方法解决兰姆波在板材中传播时遇到缺陷发生的散射问题，计算了兰姆波通过缺陷后的反射与透射系数。文中给出了若干兰姆波信号幅度与板中不同深度缺陷的相互关系。     

Boundary eigensolutions in elasticity II. Application to computational mechanics

The theory of fundamental boundary eigensolutions for elastostatic problems, developed in Part I, is applied to formulate methods for computational mechanics. This theory shows that every elastic solution can be written as a linear combination of some fundamental boundary orthogonal deformations, thus providing a generalized Fourier expansion. One finds that traditional boundary element and finite element methods are largely consistent with this theory, but do not harness its full power. This theory shows that these computational methods are indirectly a generalized discrete Fourier analysis. Furthermore, by utilizing suitable boundary weight functions, boundary element and finite element formulations may be written exclusively in terms of bounded quantities, even for non-smooth problems involving notches, cracks, mixed boundary conditions and bi-material interfaces. The close relationship between the resulting boundary element and finite element methods also becomes evident. Both use displacement and surface traction as primary variables. A new degree-of-freedom concept is introduced, along with a stiffness tensor that enables one to visualize a finite element method via a boundary discretization process, just as in a boundary element approach. Global convergence characteristics of the traction-oriented finite element method are also developed. Comparisons with closed-form fundamental boundary eigensolutions for a circular elastic disc are presented in order to provide a means for assessing the numerical methods. Several other numerical examples are solved efficiently by using the concept of boundary eigensolutions in an indirect fashion. The results indicate that the algorithms follow the underlying theory and that solutions to non-smooth problems can be obtained in a systematic manner. Beyond this, the concept of boundary eigensolutions provides an alternative view of computational continuum mechanics that may lead to the development of other non-traditional approaches.     

Boundary Integral Procedures for Unsaturated Flow Problems

Abstract. A novel numerical scheme based on the singular integral theory of the boundary element method. (BEM) is presented for the solution of transient unsaturated flow in porous media. The effort in the present paper is directed in facilitating the application of the boundary integral theory to the solution of the highly non-linear equations that govern unsaturated flow. The resulting algorithm known as the Green element method (GEM) presents a robust attractive method in the state-of -the-art application of the boundary element methodology. Three GEM models based on their different methods of handling the non-linear diffusivity, illustrate the suitability and robustness of this approach for solving highly non-linear 1-D and 2-D flows which would have proved cumbersome or too difficult to implement with the classical BEM approach.     

Computation of the stress resultants of a floating Mindlin plate in response to linear wave forces

In this paper, we focus on the computation of stress resultants of a floating elastic plate using the Mindlin plate theory. The proposed method makes use of the linear wave theory and shallow-draft assumption. However, the usual Kirchhoff theory is replaced by the Mindlin theory for the plate. For a single frequency, the coupled water-plate problem is solved using a higher-order-coupled finite element–boundary element method. The solutions for the stress-resultants computed using the proposed method are more satisfactory than these based on the Kirchhoff plate theory.     

Transient 1D transport equation simulated by a mixed Green element formulation

New discrete element equations or coefficients are derived for the transient 1D diffusion–advection or transport equation based on the Green element replication of the differential equation using linear elements. The Green element method (GEM), which solves the singular boundary integral theory (a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind) on a typical element, gives rise to a banded global coefficient matrix which is amenable to efficient matrix solvers. It is herein derived for the transient 1D transport equation with uniform and non-uniform ambient flow conditions and in which first-order decay of the containment is allowed to take place. Because the GEM implements the singular boundary integral theory within each element at a time, the integrations are carried out in exact fashion, thereby making the application of the boundary integral theory more utilitarian. This system of discrete equations, presented herein for the first time, using linear interpolating functions in the spatial dimensions shows promising stable characteristics for advection-dominant transport. Three numerical examples are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the method. The second-order-correct Crank–Nicolson scheme and the modified fully implicit scheme with a difference weighting value of two give superior solutions in all simulated examples. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

离散元法及其耦合算法的研究综述

介绍了离散单元法的基本理论及其研究现状,以及离散单元法与有限单元法、边界单元法、界面单元法等数值计算方法耦合的研究现状和最新进展,并讨论了离散单元法今后的发展趋势及亟待解决的问题.     

On the interactions of surface waves with immersed structures

The fluid forces resulting from wave interaction with large submerged structures may be calculated using numerical procedures based on the solution of the associated boundary-value problem. In this paper, the analysis of wave interaction with a fixed submerged object of arbitrary cross-section and infinite length using a two-dimensional boundary value formation based on linear diffraction theory is summarized. Subsequently, the application of the boundary element method to obtain a solution is presented. The numerical considerations are emphasized with particular reference to computational efficiency. Numerical results are presented in the form of dimensionless wave force plots for various structural shapes. In the case of a bottom-seated half cylinder, for which there exists a closed-form solution, comparisons are made between results generated using both boundary element and equivalent finite element approaches. In the case of a submerged cylinder, comparisons are made between boundary element derived values and experimental results. The boundary element results compare well with both the closed-form solution and the experimental values.     

动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法

对弹性动力学的相似边界元法进行了进一步研究,推导了相应的计算公式,并在此基础上提出了动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法.与传统的边界元法相比,相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分,大大减少了计算量.对动态断裂力学问题,无限相似边界元法由于在裂纹尖端的边界上设置了逼近于裂纹尖端的无限个相似边界单元,可直接得到裂纹尖端具有奇异性的应力,而不需要设置奇异单元,从而突破了奇异单元对应力奇异性阶次的局限.另外,还讨论了无限相似边界元法得到的无限阶的线性代数方程组的求解方法.     

边界元法边界层处理的一种新方法—拟多连域法

提出了处理边界元法边界层问题的新方法。这种方法在求得边界未知量后，在距边界较远的域中构造一工作边界，将实际边界与工作边界看作一多连域问题求得工作边界的未知量。再将工作边界与边界层边界视为一多连域问题求解，可得到满足精度要求的边界附近点的位移与应力。这种方法理论简洁、计算方便、有效、精度高，对于需求边界上多点的未知量问题很具优越性     

Boundary linear integral method for compressible potential flows

A boundary linear integral method based on Green function theory has been developed to solve the full potential equation for subsonic and transonic flows. In this integral method, potential values in the flow region are determined by potential values represented by boundary integrals and a volume integral. The boundary potential values are obtained by implementing the boundary integrals along boundary segments where a linear potential relation is assumed. The volume integral is evaluated in a grid generated by finite element discretization. The volume integral is evaluated only outside the body. Therefore there is no extra boundary treatment required for evaluation of the volume integral. The source term is assumed to be constant in an element integral volume. The volume integral needs to be evaluated only once and can be stored in computer memory for further usage.     

The coupling of stochastic BEM and stochastic FEM with application in the reliability analysis of pile foundation

The coupling theory of the stochastic boundary element method and stochastic finite element method is put forward for the reliability analysis. Its application in the reliability analysis of pile foundation is illustrated.