Direct arylation of benzoxazole C-H bonds with iodobenzene diacetates

A Pd (OAc)₂-catalyzed direct arylation of benzoxazole C-H bonds has been achieved with iodobenzene diacetates as the arylation reagent in moderate to good yields. The procedure tolerates a series of functional groups, such as methoxy, nitro, cyano, chloro, and bromo groups.     

Ru催化的C-H键的活化反应

概述了Ru催化的碳氢键的活化反应，包括C-H/烯烃，C-H/炔径和C-H/CO/烯烃 偶联反应，加氢酰化反应，硅化反应。     

Amide-directed arylation of sp C-H bonds using Pd(II) and Pd(0) catalysts

Protocols to effect β-arylation of sp³ C-H bonds via Pd(II)/(IV) and Pd(0)/(II) catalytic cycles have been achieved using a newly developed monodentate CONHC₆F₅ directing group. These reactions provide an unprecedented means to functionalize sp³ C-H bonds in aliphatic carboxylic acid-derived substrates.     

Activation of C-H and C-Br bonds in cyclopalladation reactions of Schiff base ligands: Influence of the benzylidene ring substituents

Reaction of Pd(AcO)₂ with the Schiff base ligands 2-Br-4,5-(OCH₂O)C₆H₂C(H)N(Cy) (a) and 4,5-(OCH₂CH₂)C₆H₃C(H)N(Cy) (b) leads to the cyclometallated compounds [Pd{2-Br-4,5-(OCH₂O)C₆HC(H)N(Cy)-C6,N}(μ-O₂CMe)]₂ (1a) and [Pd{4,5-(OCH₂CH₂)C₆H₂C(H)N(Cy)-C6,N}(μ-O₂CMe)]₂ (1b), respectively, via C-H activation. Treatment of a with Pd₂(dba)₃ gave [Pd{4,5-(OCH₂O)C₆H₂C(H)N(Cy)-C2,N}(μ-Br)]₂ (6a), via C-Br activation. The metathesis reaction of 1a and 1b with aqueous sodium chloride gave the corresponding cyclopalladated dimers with bridging chloride ligands, 2a and 2b, respectively. Treatment of the halogen-bridged compounds with tertiary tri- and diphosphines in the appropriate molar ratio gave the mono and dinuclear compounds 3a-5a, 7a-9a and 3b-5b. The structure of compounds 3a, 4a, 5a, 8a, 2b, 3b and 5b has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Isoquinoline synthesis by C-H activation/annulation using vinyl acetate as an acetylene equivalent

Vinyl acetate is used as an acetylene equivalent in rhodium(III)-catalysed C-H activation/annulation with aryl ketoxime esters. Extension to an aldoxime ester allows for a concise formal synthesis of decumbenine B.     

Selective cis-addition of C-H bonds of pyrroles and thiophenes to alkynes catalyzed by a dinuclear palladium complex

Pyrroles and thiophenes reacted with alkynes in the presence of dinuclear palladium complexes with high stereoselectivity (cis-addition) in almost all cases. While regioselectivity in the reaction with pyrroles depended on substituents on the nitrogen atom and alkynes, all reactions of thiophenes afforded 2-alkenylthiophenes.     

钯催化的芳基C-H键三氟甲硫基化反应

报道了二价钯催化的高选择性芳基C-H键的三氟甲硫基化反应,其中稳定的三氟甲硫基苯胺2a作为三氟甲硫基试剂,醋酸钯作为催化剂,苯甲酰氯和醋酸银作为添加剂,反应在DMF中120℃条件下实现的.各种取代的吡啶都可以作为该反应的导向基团.反应中苯甲酰氯的添加对活化三氟甲硫基苯胺2a起着关键作用.该反应为合成邻位三氟甲硫基取代苯类衍生物提供了高效方便的方法.     

Pd-catalyzed regioselective C-H chlorination of disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles

This paper mainly studied Pd-catalyzed regioselective chlorination of disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles directed by the 1,2,3-triazole ring. A series of regioselective chlorinated products were synthesized in 47–86% yields using Pd(OAc)₂ as a catalyst and CuCl₂ as a chlorinated reagent. This method provides a new mean for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole halides which combines the formation of C-X bond with C-H activation.     

过渡金属催化的惰性碳氢键卤化反应研究进展

卤化反应是有机化学中最重要的反应之一,近年来,过渡金属催化的碳氢键卤化反应已经成为合成有机卤化物的重要方法.本文综述了过渡金属催化的惰性碳氢键卤化的研究进展,按照不同的过渡金属(钯、铜、铑、钌、钴)对底物范围和反应机理等进行详细的探讨,并对该领域的局限性和未来发展进行了总结和展望.     

Mechanistic Study of Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H/C-H Coupling of Polyfluoroarenes with Simple Arenes

Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reaction is an emerging type of C-H acti-vation reaction, which attracts great interests because both reaction partners do not re-quire pre-functionalization. In the present study, we employed DFT methods to investigatethe mechanism of Pd(OAc)₂-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling of pentafluoroben-zene with benzene. Four possible pathways were examined in the C-H activation part: path A benzene-pentafluorobenzene mechanism (C-H activation of benzene occurs before the C-H activation of pentafluorobenzene), path B pentafluorobenzene-benzene mechanism (C-H activation of benzene occurs after the C-H activation of pentafluorobenzene), path C benzene-pentafluorophenylsilver mechanism (C-H activation of benzene and subsequenttransmetalation with pentafluorophenyl silver complex), path D pentafluorophenylsilver-benzene mechanism (transmetalation with pentafluorophenyl silver complex and subsequent C-H activation of benzene). Based on the calculations, the sequences of two C-H activation steps are found to be different in the oxidative couplings of same substrates (i.e. pentaflu-orobenzene and benzene) in different catalytic systems, where the additive Ag salts played a determinant role. In the absence of Ag salts, the energetically favored pathway is path B (i.e. the C-H activation of pentafluorobenzene takes place before the C-H cleavage of benzene). In contrast, with the aid of Ag salts, the coordination of pentafluorophenylsilver to Pd center could occur easily with a subsequent C-H activation of benzene in the second step, and the second step significantly raises the whole reaction barrier. Alternatively, in thepresence of Ag salts, the kinetically preferred mechanism is path C (i.e. the C-H activation of benzene takes place in the first step followed by transmetalation with pentafluorophenyl-silver complex), which is similar to path A. The calculations are consistent with the H/D exchange experiment and kinetic isotope effects. Thus the present study not only offers a deeper understanding of oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reaction, but also provides helpful insights to further development of more efficient and selective oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions.     

Complexation and C-H bond activation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene on triosmium carbonyl clusters

Reaction of Os₃(CO)₁₀(NCMe)₂ and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (C₈H₁₂) affords the diene complex Os₃(CO)₁₀(η⁴-C₈H₁₂) (1) with the two alkene moieties coordinated to an equatorial and an axial positions of one osmium atom. Thermolysis of 1 in refluxing n-hexane results in a vinylic C-H bond activation to form (μ-H)Os₃(CO)₉(μ,η⁴-C₈H₁₁) (2) in good isolated yield. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been established by an X-ray diffraction study.     

Direct ortho-arylation of 2-arylbenzoxazoles via C-H activation

A new and highly regioselective arylation of 2-arylbenzoxazoles based on C-H activation has been developed. The results represent the first examples of palladium-catalyzed direct ortho-arylation of 2-arylbenzoxazoles and also provide a facile route for the synthesis of complicated structures containing arylated benzoxazoles moieties.     

Regioselective C-H Functionalization of the Six-Membered Ring of the 6,5-Fused Heterocyclic Systems: An Overview

The regioselective C-H functionalization of the five-membered ring of the 6,5-fused heterocyclic systems is nowadays well documented due to its high reactivity compared to the six-membered ring. So, developing new procedures of C-H functionalization of the six-membered ring “by thinking out of the box” is extremely challenging, which explains the limited number of reports published to date. This review paper aims to highlight advances achieved in this emerging chemistry research and discusses recently reported methods.     

Palladium(II)-catalyzed arylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds by using 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole-4-amine as directing ligand

A modified bidentate directing ligand derived from 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole (BSeD) was designed and synthesized. It exhibited high regioselectivity in the catalytic activation of unactivated C(sp³)-H bonds with aryl iodides in the presence of palladium catalyst in yields up to 94%.     

Palladium-catalyzed alkenation of thiophenes and furans by regioselective C-H bond functionalization

A palladium-catalyzed direct alkenation of thiophenes and furans has been developed in the presence of AgOAc and pyridine. A variety of olefinic substrates such as acrylates, acrylamides, and acrylonitrile can perform the direct oxidative coupling reactions with various thiophenes and furans to give the mono-alkenylated products in good yields. In most cases, the (E)-isomers were isolated as the major products.     

Iridium-catalyzed C-H activation/borylation/oxidation for the preparation of bis-protected phloroglucinol derivatives

The preparation of bis-protected phloroglucinol derivatives from a range of protected resorcinol substrates is presented. Functionalization was achieved via a two-step, one-pot iridium-catalyzed C-H activation/borylation/oxidation protocol. Our system gave high conversions to the arylboronic esters and good yields of the desired phenols following subsequent oxidation. A range of common protecting group categories was studied including alkyl, silyl, ether and ester.     

Directing group assists in transition metal-catalyzed site-selective C-H bond activation/transformations

In the review paper, we attempt to point out the importance of the directing group in the transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation/transformations, especially in the site-selectivity and reactivity. The employment of the directing groups in the type of reaction can enable a chemist to straightforwardly approach the desired molecular skeletons. Thus, understanding the role of the directing groups in the C-H bond activation/transformations would benefit chemists to design better auxiliary groups and develop more efficient and practical synthetic methodologies. We believe that the synthetic strategy based on the utility of the directing group to assist in the transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation/transformations will keep playing as a mainstream role in the research field.     

Intramolecular metal-catalyzed amination of pseudo-anomeric C-H bonds

Intramolecular metal-catalyzed amination of a pseudo-anomeric C-H bond in a C-glycoside is reported. Treatment of α,β-C-carbamoyloxymethyl- or β-C-sulfamoyloxymethyl glycosides with Rh₂(OAc)₄, PhI(OAc)₂, and MgO provided original spirooxazolidines or spirooxathiazolidines in reasonable yields. No correlation between ‘anomeric’ stereochemistry and insertion efficiency was found for the conversion of carbamate derivatives whereas amination reactions of the corresponding sulfamate esters were found to be strongly dependent on the anomeric configuration.     

C-H oxidation using graphite oxide

Graphite oxide was found to be an effective oxidant for use in a broad range of reactions, including the oxidation of olefins to their respective diones, methyl benzenes to their respective aldehydes, diarylmethanes to their respective ketones, and various dehydrogenations. The temperatures used in the reactions were typically mild (100-120 °C), and the heterogeneous nature of the oxidant facilitated isolation and purification of the desired products. In most cases, no by-products were observed and the desired products were isolated in good to excellent yields.     

Palladium mediated C-H activation in the field of terpenoids: synthesis of rostratone

We present results, which indicate that Pd-mediated C-H bond activation can be used under mild conditions for the remote functionalization of C-4 methyl groups of molecules with different terpenoid-like skeletons containing six- or seven-membered A rings. This procedure has allowed us to complete a novel strategy for the synthesis of γ-dioxygenated terpenoids in three stages: (i) selective epoxidation of commercial polyenes, (ii) titanium(III)-catalyzed cyclization of epoxypolyprenes, and (iii) Pd-mediated remote functionalization of equatorial methyl groups. This strategy has proved to be useful for the synthesis of the natural labdane rostratone (1).