High catalytic activity for CO oxidation of gold nanoparticles confined in acidic support Al-SBA-15 at low temperatures

While there is a large number of recent studies of Au nanocatalysts supported on metal oxides, low-temperature CO oxidation under an acidic environment has not yet been accomplished. Over a novel acidic Al-SBA-15 support, uniformly distributed gold nanoparticles with sizes approximately 2.7 nm were obtained by a successive procedure of aminosilane grafting, gold adsorption-reduction, and then high-temperature hydrogen treatment. The catalyst system, Au@Al-SBA-15, exhibits extraordinarily high activity for CO oxidation at 80 degrees C. By varying the Si/Al ratio of the support, the dependence of the catalytic activity on the support Si/Al ratio was found in the CO oxidation reaction.     

One-pot synthesis of Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles with Au shell and their high catalytic activity for aerobic glucose oxidation

PVP-protected Ag(core)/Au(shell) bimetallic nanoparticles of enough small size, i.e., 1.4nm in diameter were synthesized in one-vessel using simultaneous reduction of the corresponding ions with rapid injection of NaBH(4), and characterized by HR-TEM. The Ag(core)/Au(shell) bimetallic nanoparticles show a high and durable catalytic activity for the aerobic glucose oxidation, and the catalyst can be stably kept for more than 2months under ambient conditions. The highest activity (16,890mol-glucoseh(-1)mol-metal(-1)) was observed for the bimetallic nanoparticles with Ag/Au atomic ratio of 2/8, the TOF value of which is several times higher than that of Au nanoparticles with nearly the same particle size. The higher catalytic activity of the prepared bimetallic nanoparticles than the usual Au nanoparticles can be ascribed to: (1) the small average diameter, usually less than 2.0nm, and (2) the electronic charge transfer effect from adjacent Ag atoms and protecting PVP to Au active sites. In contrast, the Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles, synthesized by dropwise addition of NaBH(4) into the starting solution and having the large mean particle size, showed a low catalytic activity.     

Rh/Co双金属纳米颗粒的制备及其催化制氢性能

以ISOBAM-104为保护剂,采用共还原法制备了一系列不同组成的Rh/Co双金属纳米颗粒(BNPs)。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、透射电镜及高分辨透射电镜对纳米颗粒的结构及组成进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的Rh/Co BNPs的粒径小于6.0nm,具有合金结构。催化制氢实验结果表明,Rh_(20)Co_(80)BNPs具有最高的催化制氢活性,其TOF值可高达12880mol-H_2·h~(-1)·mol-Rh~(-1),远高于Rh和Co单金属纳米颗粒的催化活性。     

Supported Pd-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles that have high activity for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol

Monodisperse bimetallic Pd-Cu nanoparticles with controllable size and composition were synthesized by a one-step multiphase ethylene glycol (EG) method. Adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of the Pd and Cu precursors afforded nanoparticles with different compositions, such as Pd(85)-Cu(15), Pd(56)-Cu(44), and Pd(39)-Cu(61). The nanoparticles were separated from the solution mixture by extraction with non-polar solvents, such as n-hexane. Monodisperse bimetallic Pd-Cu nanoparticles with narrow size-distribution were obtained without the need for a size-selection process. Capping ligands that were bound to the surface of the particles were removed through heat treatment when the as-prepared nanoparticles were loaded onto a Vulcan XC-72 carbon support. Supported bimetallic Pd-Cu nanoparticles showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation compared with supported Pd nanoparticles that were fabricated according to the same EG method. For a bimetallic Pd-Cu catalyst that contained 15?% Cu, the activity was even comparable to the state-of-the-art commercially available Pt/C catalysts. A STEM-HAADF study indicated that the formation of random solid-solution alloy structures in the bimetallic Pd(85)-Cu(15)/C catalysts played a key role in improving the electrochemical activity.     

Influence of the phase composition of the support on the catalytic activity of bimetallic catalysts

The influence of the nanocrystalline structure of an aluminum-zinc spinel support on the catalytic activity of bimetallic Pt-Sn catalysts in dehydrogenation of 2-methylbutane was studied. The formation of the spinel structure in solid-phase reactions of aluminum and zinc oxides was examined.     

Effect of supporting surface layers on catalytic activities of gold nanoparticles in CO oxidation

The surfaces of fumed silica materials were modified with a surface sol-gel process for catalysis applications. This surface-modification approach allows not only a monolayer growth of TiO(2) or Al(2)O(3) but also a stepwise double-layer growth of TiO(2)/TiO(2), Al(2)O(3)/Al(2)O(3), TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3), or Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2) on the surfaces of the silica materials with a monolayer precision. XRD analyses revealed that the coated monolayers and double layers of TiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) were amorphous. Gold nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the above six surface-modified silica materials via a deposition-precipitation method. The catalytic activities of these six gold catalysts for CO oxidation are highly dependent on the structures of their surface monolayers or double layers. The gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with a TiO(2) monolayer (Au/TiO(2)) is the most active in both as-synthesized and oxidized forms, while the gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with an Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2) double layer (Au/Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)/SiO(2)) is the most active in the reduced form among the six catalysts. Surprisingly, the gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with a TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) double layer (Au/TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3)/SiO(2)) has much less activity than Au/Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)/SiO(2) under all various treatments, underscoring the sensitivity of the catalytic activity to the structure of the supporting surfaces.     

氮化硼负载的高分散Au-CuOx纳米颗粒用于低温CO氧化

负载型金催化剂显示出高的低温CO氧化活性,其催化性能与载体的性质密切相关.近年来,六方氮化硼作为一种新型催化材料引起了极大关注.已有研究表明,二维结构的氮化硼纳米片有利于传质扩散,并且暴露出大量的表面和边缘,作为新型非金属催化剂在烷烃氧化脱氢中表现出优异的活性.同时,CO氧化反应是强放热过程,氮化硼具有优良的导热性能,...     

Synergistic effect in an Au-Ag alloy nanocatalyst: CO oxidation

Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles supported on mesoporous aluminosilicate have been prepared by one-pot synthesis using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) both as a stabilizing agent for nanoparticles and as a template for the formation of mesoporous structure. The formation of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles have a larger particle size than the monometallic gold particles, they exhibited exceptionally high activity in catalysis for low-temperature CO oxidation. Even at a low temperature of 250 K, the reaction rate can reach 8.7 x 10(-6) mol.g(cat.)(-1).s(-1) at an Au/Ag molar ratio of 3/1. While neither monometallic Au@MCM-41 nor Ag@MCM-41 shows activity at this temperature, the Au-Ag alloy system shows a strongly synergistic effect in high catalytic activity. In this alloy system, the size effect is no longer a critical factor, whereas Ag is believed to play a key role in the activation of oxygen.     

二氧化硅孔结构对CO氧化用担载型纳米金催化剂的影响

采用三种不同孔结构的二氧化硅材料为载体,应用沉积沉淀法制备担载型纳米金催化剂。以CO催化氧化为模型反应,并结合低温N₂吸附脱附、X射线物相分析、X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜等技术考察三种二氧化硅载体对纳米金催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂中金纳米颗粒与载体孔结构呈现出良好的对应关系,比表面积大、孔径小且分布均匀的二氧化硅制备的金催化剂颗粒粒径最小,CO氧化活性最高。在18 000 mL/(h·g_cat)、v(CO)/v(O₂)/v(Ar)=1/21/78的反应条件下,其CO完全转化温度为560 K。     

Electrocatalytic activity of supported gold nanoparticles toward CO oxidation: The perimeter effect of gold–support interface

The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) sputtered on indium tin oxide (ITO) were used to investigate the origin of the high catalytic activity of AuNPs toward electrooxidation of CO in alkali media. We demonstrated that the catalytic activity is closely related to the gold–ITO perimeter, which represents only a very small percentage of the total surface area of AuNPs. Increasing the perimeter-to-surface ratio of the ITO-supported AuNPs leads to an increase of catalytic activity. This work provides a potential strategy to further promote the catalytic activity of AuNPs in the electrochemical system.     

Catalysis by supported gold: correlation between catalytic activity for CO oxidation and oxidation states of gold

X-ray absorption near-edge spectra and temperature-programmed oxidation and reduction data demonstrate that Au(I) and Au(0) are both present in working MgO-supported gold catalysts for CO oxidation. EXAFS data indicate gold clusters with essentially the same average diameter (about 30 A) in each catalyst sample. Thus, the results provide no evidence of an effect of gold cluster size on the catalytic activity, but both the catalytic activity and the surface concentration of Au(I) were found to decrease with increasing CO partial pressure (as Au(0) was increasingly formed), demonstrating that the catalytic sites incorporate Au(I).     

Green preparation of hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere inside-loaded gold nanoparticles and the catalytic activity

In this work, an active nano-catalyst with gold nanoparticles loaded in hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSNs/Au) was prepared by a one-pot sol-gel method, in which gold ions were loaded in hollow mesoporous silica spheres followed by sodium alginate reduction. The characterization of the HMSNs/Au were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET). The high catalytic activity of HMSNs/Au, denoted as apparent turn-over frequency (TOF), was detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (74.5 h^?1) and 2-nitrophenol (108.7 h^?1) in the presence of sodium borohydride solution due to the small gold nanoparticles size and overall exposure of active sites. It is expected that this ecofriendly approach to prepare inorganic composited nanoparticles as high active catalysts based on hollow mesoporous materials was a promising platform for loading noble metal nanoparticles.     

Nanocast mesoporous MgAl2O4 spinel monoliths as support for highly active gold CO oxidation catalyst

Mesoporous MgAl2O4 spinel monolith was synthesized by the nanocasting pathway; high activity in CO oxidation was observed over gold catalysts based on such monoliths as support.     

Au/Ag2O与Ag掺杂的Au粉催化剂上CO氧化反应：Au-Ag双金属催化剂活性位

有关用于各种氧化反应中Au-Ag双金属催化剂存在显著协同效应的来源有两种观点：(1) AgOx块与体相Au表面的接触界面起重要作用,体相Au的表面是催化活性位;(2) Au-Ag双金属催化剂中形成的Au-Ag合金中电荷从Ag转移到Au上,可能对催化剂活性起作用。因此,确定Au表面上Ag是以氧化物还是以金属合金形式存在可能是深度理解该协同效应的关键。
　　为了检测和验证催化剂活性的增加是由于Ag2O与Au纳米粒子的紧密接触,在密闭循环反应体系中比较研究了Au/Ag2O和Ag2O催化剂上CO氧化反应。将CO/O2摩尔比为2的混合气通入到这二个催化剂上来跟踪压力降低的速率。因而检测了气体的消耗量和CO2的生成量。结果发现,在稳态下Au/Ag2O和Ag2O催化剂的压力降低的速率不存在差别。这两个催化剂上压力的降低是由于Ag2O中表面晶格氧被混合气中CO的还原所致。 Au/Ag2O催化剂上得到的结果与以前研究的具有氧化表面的Ag掺杂的Au粉末(Ag/Au-b)上的一致,也表明AgOx块与体相Au表面界面周边不大可能是CO氧化反应催化活性位。基于具有稳态表面的Ag/Au-b样品上的研究结果,我们认为AgOx物种被还原为0价态Ag而形成的Ag-Au合金很可能是催化活性位。     

沉积-沉淀法和沉积-还原法制备Nb2O5负载的金纳米粒子及其催化CO氧化活性

采用不同的沉积法制备了氧化铌(Nb2O5)负载的金纳米粒子催化剂,即沉积-沉淀(DP)法、尿素辅助的DP法、沉积-还原(DR)法和一步法制备了1 wt%Au/Nb2O5催化剂.在众多类型Nb2O5(包括商业Nb2O5)中,采用水热法制备的层间型Nb2O5(Nb2O5(HT))最适合用作载体.结果表明,较大比表面积的Nb2O5(HT)使得金以纳米颗粒形式分散于其上.在优化的条件下,以DP和DR法沉积于Nb2O5(HT)上的金纳米粒子平均粒径为5 nm.采用DR法制备的Au/Nb2O5(HT)催化剂上CO转化率为50%时的温度为73oC.不沉积金的条件下,即使在250oC, Nb2O5(HT)对CO氧化反应也没有催化活性.因此,金的沉积对活性的促进作用非常明显.该简易Au/Nb2O5催化剂将金催化剂的类型扩展到酸性载体,这将增加新的应用.     

From CO oxidation to CO2 activation: an unexpected catalytic activity of polymer-supported nanogold

A simple, clean, safe, and reproducible catalyst system, polymer-supported nanogold, was successfully developed for the fixation of CO2 to cyclic carbonate and for the carbonylation of amines to disubstituted ureas with unprecedented catalytic activity (TOF > 50 000 mol/mol/h and TOFP approximately 3000 mol/mol/h, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, it was the first to report that nanogold catalysts have exclusive catalytic activity for activation of carbon dioxide, and that the catalytic activity of the polymer-immobilized nanogold catalysts could be controlled by the particle size of the nanogold.     

Synthesis of one-dimensional microporous todorokite and its catalytic activity in CO oxidation

Synthesis of an octahedral molecular sieve composed of Mn, Mg and O, known as todorokite, was studied in detail. The synthesis procedure is composed of three steps; layered birnessite synthesis, ion-exchange to buserite and final hydrothermal treatment of buserite. To obtain todorokites of different morphological properties, the aging time in the birnessite synthesis was varied. The effects of the aging time on properties of todorokites were studied by XRD, FE-SEM, TG-DTA, N₂ adsorption-desorption, FT-IR and CO-TPD. In addition, catalytic activities of various todorokites for CO oxidation were investigated and the correlation between properties and activities was discussed.