机载激光测深回波信号的处理和研究

对激光海洋测深信号特性进行了分析,采用变增益法预处理机载激光测深回波信号,可以压缩水面激光反射信号的光通量与水底目标返回信号光通量的动态范围,实验结果使其动态压缩范围达10³～10⁴量级,满足机载蓝绿激光测深的要求。     

机载激光测深系统中海面波浪影响的改正

针对研制的新型机载激光测深系统的海上飞行试验数据,进行预处理、信息提取、数据同步和坐标转换后,开展波浪改正研究.对海底高程的GPS高程信息无波浪改正、GPS高程信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪和加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪三种技术进行了分析.数据处理结果表明,采用加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算得到的波浪信息的方法,结果较好,可满足研制的机载激光测深系统的要求.     

机载蓝绿激光海洋测深

本文论述了机载蓝绿激光海洋测深的基本原理,讨论了最大探测深度及测深精度,研究了机载激光器选择及大动态范围微弱光信号检测问题,对各国主要机载激光海洋测深系统进行了比较,并分析了我国应用该项技术的紧迫性和可行性.     

机载激光测深中激光传输通道的光学特性

光在海洋中的传输特性对于机载激光测深有着重要的意义。本文从分析海水对光的吸收和散射的特性出发,对机载激光测深的海洋传输特性进行细致的讨论,并阐述其对机载激光测深的影响。     

机载激光海洋测深系统接收FOV的研究

以"多次前向、单次后向散射"激光测深回波信号数学模型为理论基础,分析了接收FOV对激光测深回波信号的影响。讨论了不同海水深度情况下FOV损失因子与接收器FOV之间的关系。以辨别力指数D作为激光测深性能评价标准,分析了晴空条件下机载激光测深系统辨别力指数D与接收器FOV的关系,进一步得到在不同最大探测水深情况下的最优FOV。根据分析结果可以对机载激光测深系统的接收FOV进行优化,为我国研究新型的机载激光测深系统提供理论依据。     

机载海洋激光测深系统参量设计与最大探测深度能力分析

详细讨论了机载海洋激光测深系统最大测量深度与相关因子之间的关系，并利用最小可探测信噪比为判据，对机载海洋激光测深系统在白天和晚上工作进行了数值模拟，通过比较最大测量深度与激光脉冲峰值功率、接收视场角、接收口径和光谱接收带宽等关系，确定了系统的主要参量。以确定的参量建立的系统具有白天49m和晚上65m的最大测深能力，可完全满足在沿岸带以及岛礁的测量要求。     

机载激光测深系统的最小可探测深度研究

针对回波特性进行理论分析和数值模拟，讨论影响机载激光测深系统的最小可探测深度的各种因素和解决的技术途径。采用窄激光脉冲，高速探测器，小接收视场角，可以改善海表和海底反射信号的叠加。分析海表和海底反射脉冲的特征，提出采用双高斯脉冲拟合方法，从叠加的回波信号中分离海表、海底反射信号，降低机载激光测深系统的最小可探测深度，满足海岸带测绘应用。利用实验室模拟装置进行测量实验，利用提出的方法分离表面和底部反射信号，得到0．4m的最小可探测深度。同时比较了雪崩二极管和光电倍增管的测量结果，两者的测量精度相当。     

基于LabVIEW激光引信回波模拟装置设计

激光引信回波模拟装置是激光引信测试设备的重要组成部分。介绍了激光引信回波模拟装置的组成,设计了用于该装置的硬件电路和软件控制系统。硬件电路采用单片机完成控制指令的接收和控制信号的产生,使用串行扩展芯片GM8125将单片机AT89S52的串行口扩展成5个,满足了激光引信回波模拟装置串口资源要求。软件控制系统基于LabVlFⅣ设计,主要包括串口通信程序和控制指令的产生程序,控制指令经串口通信传送给硬件电路。实验结果表明,该装置满足激光引信测试设备的要求。     

含氧等离子体中臭氧形成过程数值模拟

利用数值模拟程序对不同条件下氧等离子体和大气等离子体中臭氧的形成过程进行数值模拟. 结果发现：臭氧的形成与游离态氧原子密切相关;臭氧的最大数密度与初始电子数密度有关;臭氧最大数密度持续的时间与脉冲放电大气等离子体中放电间隔时间选取相关,最佳的放电间隔是游离态氧原子达到最大的时间. 关键词： 等离子体 数值模拟 臭氧产生     

水下Co-60源切伦科夫辐射的蒙卡模拟

随着核应用领域的不断拓宽,放射源丢失事故发生的概率也随之增加。机载伽马谱仪可有效搜寻地面放射源,然而对于放射源丢失于水域的情况,由于伽马射线经由水层屏蔽后可探测性降低,故利用放射源在水中产生的切伦科夫辐射对其进行搜寻显得十分重要。采用MCNP与Geant4相结合的方法,以及在Geant4程序中采用接续计算技巧,对Co-60源在水中的切伦科夫光产生以及传输进行了计算,计算表明,切伦科夫光经水中传播后,主要波段在300~600 nm,强度呈由边缘到中心渐强的特征分布,分布范围大致与放射源在水中的深度一致,在水中传输300 m后其光通量约为100 cm^-2,可利用光谱特征和强度分布特征对其进行测量。     

Monte Carlo simulation of a confined hard ellipse fluid

The structural and thermodynamic properties of a confined hard ellipse fluid are studied using Monte Carlo simulation. The angular, average number densities and order parameters of hard ellipses confined between hard parallel walls are obtained for various bulk densities, aspect ratios and wall separations. The results show that the effect of the existence of the wall on the molecular fluid structure, either on their directions or their locations, with respect to the bulk, especially close to the walls, is significant. For this system the pressure is also obtained and it is shown that the average density at the wall is proportional to the pressure, βP=〈ρ_w〉. Our simulation results show that the order parameters depend on the number of the particles in the box unless it exceeds thousand.     

利用数值模拟测量闪光照相中H-D曲线

在分析高能闪光照相中传统实验方法不足的基础上,提出了采用Monte Carlo模拟结果来建立底片光学密度与照射量之间的关系,并对一个球对称客体进行了实验照相。采用Monte Carlo方法分析了底片光学密度分布左右不对称的各种因素,认为底片光学密度分布左右不对称主要是照相器件几何对中不理想造成的,并说明了底片光学密度左右平均的合理性。在此基础上介绍了H-D曲线的生成方法,采用Silberstein理论得到了具有较高精度的H D曲线。这种结合Monte Carlo模拟的H-D曲线测量方法不但避免了照射量测量误差,而且还考虑了H-D曲线对X射线能谱的依赖关系,更能体现实际情况,具有较高的精度。可用于球对称客体或柱对称客体的辐射照相。     

Monte Carlo simulation of exposure factor

In this paper, we simulate the exposure factor by a simple model of a free-air ionization chamber with the Monte Carlo programme Geant4. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of the exposure factor related to parameters of the chamber model. The reason for the variation in exposure factor with incident ray energy is also analysed in terms of reaction cross section for different types of reactions. The obtained results indicate that our simulation is accurate in the calculation of the exposure factor and can serve as a reference in designing air ionization chambers.     

Monte Carlo simulation of the enantioseparation process

By means of Monte Carlo simulation, a study of enantioseparation by capillary electrophoresis has been carried out. A simplified system consisting of two enantiomers S (R) and a selector chiral C, which reacts with the enantiomers to form complexes RC (SC), has been considered. The dependence of Δμ$\Delta \mu$ (enantioseparation) with the concentration of chiral selector and with temperature have been analyzed by simulation. The effect of the binding constant and the charge of the complexes are also analyzed. The results are qualitatively satisfactory, despite the simplicity of the model.     

光学相干层析信号的模拟分析与计算

对传统的模拟介质散射响应函数的蒙特卡罗算法的计算过程进行了改进，提出光子不可分割的假设，这样可以避免人为选定光子被吸收阈值的不确定性；同时采用双曲线法模拟入射高斯光束，解决了对表面为非平面介质的传输信号进行模拟的问题.通过对盖玻片（平面）与眼角膜（曲面）的光学相干层析探测信号及层析图的数值模拟，并与相应实验结果进行比较，证实了该方法与假设的可行性. 关键词： 光学相干层析 蒙特卡罗法模拟 散射     

Molecular simulation of chemical reaction equilibria by Kinetic Monte Carlo

ABSTRACT

We describe a new algorithm for the molecular simulation of chemical reaction equilibria, which we call the Reactive Kinetic Monte Carlo (ReKMC) algorithm. It is based on the use of the equilibrium Kinetic Monte Carlo (eKMC) method (Ustinov et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2012, 366, 216–223) to generate configurations in the underlying nonreacting system and to calculate the species chemical potentials at essentially zero marginal computational cost. We consider in detail the typical case of specified temperature, T and pressure, P, but extensions to other thermodynamic constraints are straightforward in principle. In the course of this work, we also demonstrate an alternative method for calculating simulation box volume changes in NPT ensemble simulations to achieve the specified P. We consider two sets of example reacting systems previously considered in the literature, and compare the ReKMC results and computational efficiencies with those of different implementations of the REMC algorithm (Turner et al., Molec. Simulation, 2008, 34, 119–146).     

Monte Carlo simulation of ramified aggregates onhetero-substrates

We have studied the aggregation of particles on a hetero-substrate consisting of two different substrates A and B with finite surface barriers E_AB and E_BA between the AB and BA boundaries, respectively. With the diffusion energy limited aggregation (DELA) model, we find that the number of clusters and the mean radius of gyration of the clusters are dependent on the surface barriers E_AB and E_BA. For the case with a constant of E_BA, a series of minima are summarized as E_AB= (E₀- k_BAE_BA)/ k_AB with k_AB and k_BA being two integers, for main minima (k_BA=k_AB- 1) and two local minima (k_BA=k_AB and k_BA=k_AB + 1) between two neighbouring main minima.