基于碳纸电极电化学快速合成聚苯胺纳米纤维

利用碳纸电极,采用循环伏安法、恒电流法和恒电位法等电化学聚合法快速合成了高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米纤维.利用电子显微镜、红外光谱和四探针测定仪等对聚苯胺的微观形貌结构、掺杂度和电导率进行了研究.用循环伏安法对聚苯胺的电化学特征进行了分析.研究发现,3种方法合成的聚苯胺均为纳米纤维状结构,长度达3μm,直径为50~150 nm.其中,循环伏安法合成的聚苯胺纳米纤维的均一性和电导率均优于其它2种方法,其电导率高达5.97 S/cm.另外,聚苯胺合成速率顺序为恒电流法>循环伏安法>恒电位法,且恒电流法合成的聚苯胺纳米纤维电极材料的放电比容量最大(578 F/g),电容性能最好.     

纳米聚苯胺修饰石墨电极的葡萄糖双酶传感器

用循环伏安法在石墨电极上制得纳米纤维聚苯胺, 并在其上固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)制备葡萄糖双酶传感器. 用交流阻抗、SEM等技术对其进行表征; 考察了各种因素对双酶电极响应电流的影响以及双酶电极的稳定性. 该传感器对葡萄糖响应电流的测定在0.05 V(vs SCE)下进行, 有效避免了电活性物质的影响, 线性响应范围为0.05-2.0 mmol·L-1.     

纳米纤维聚苯胺在电化学电容器中的应用

采用脉冲电流方法（PGM）合成了具有纳米纤维结构的导电聚苯胺（PANI）.扫描电子显微镜对膜层观察表明, PANI膜是由直径约为100 nm的掺杂态聚苯胺纤维交织而成.以纳米纤维状聚苯胺组成电化学电容器,研究了其电化学电容性能,并与恒电流方法（GM） 制备的颗粒状PANI电容器性能进行了比较.结果表明,在相同的沉积电量下,PGM制备的纳米纤维状PANI电化学电容器比颗粒状PANI电化学电容器具有更大的电容容量,其电化学电容器的比电容可高达699 F•g－1,能量密度为54.6 Wh•kg－1.并且该电化学电容器具有良好的充放电性能和循环寿命.     

手性聚苯胺纳米纤维的电化学制备

采用恒电位电聚合法制备了樟脑磺酸(CSA)掺杂的旋光异构性聚苯胺(PANI)纳米纤维. 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和圆二色光谱(CD)对PANI纳米纤维的形貌和光学性质进行表征, 结合电聚合溶液胶束平均粒径和ζ电位的测定, 研究了具有旋光异构性PANI纳米纤维的形成机理和具有增强旋光异构性的原因. 所制备的PANI纳米纤维具有无双螺旋结构, 其形貌不随着苯胺浓度的改变而变化. 不同手性樟脑磺酸掺杂制备的PANI纳米纤维具有镜像对称的旋光异构性, 且具有较高的椭圆偏振率. 这种手性PANI纳米纤维的颜色和旋光性均可通过化学掺杂/去掺杂或电化学掺杂改变氧化还原态而呈现可逆变化.     

基于纳米粒子的光学细胞传感器在癌细胞研究中的应用

作为一种极为灵敏、快速的新型生物检测技术,光学细胞传感器在生物医学领域的研究应用备受关注,成为当今生物分析化学领域的研究前沿和热点.它是以细胞作为传感元件来研究信号识别、传导和指示的过程,在毒性物质、病原体等外界条件作用下,研究细胞中活性分子及其生理条件的变化,通过光学信号的变化定量分析细胞膜表面分子、胞内酶分子及微环...     

原位氧化复合法制备聚苯胺/金纳米纤维及过氧化氢生物传感器的构建

采用原位氧化复合法制备了聚苯胺/金纳米纤维,并将其固载在玻碳电极上构建了一种新型的过氧化氢生物传感器。该传感器对过氧化氢的还原具有良好的催化活性,在优化的实验条件下,该传感器对过氧化氢测定的线性范围为1.010-6～1.0510-4mol/L,检出限为5.7510-7mol/L(S/N=3)。     

基于聚苯胺-纳米金修饰玻碳电极的研制及其对过氧化氢的催化研究

通过将纳米金固载在聚苯胺(PANI)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)上而研制出一种新型过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器。首先将苯胺单体电聚合到表面干净的裸GCE上,再将制备好的PANI/GCE浸入纳米金溶胶中,通过静电吸附将纳米金固载于PANI之上。整个制备过程通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行观测。SEM图片显示16nm的纳米金均匀地分散在PANI膜上。被吸附的纳米金对H2O2的还原有良好的电催化活性。在优化的实验条件下,该传感器对H2O2测定的线性范围为1.2μmol/L~0.55mmol/L;检出限为0.35μmol/L(S/N=3)。该传感器具有响应快、灵敏度高、稳定性好的特点。     

纳米TiO2/聚苯胺复合膜电极的制备及其电化学性能

采用1mol·L-1硫酸作为介质,扫描速度为100mV*s-1,扫描电位为-0.2V～0.8V,用循环伏安法在纳米二氧化钛(Nano-TiO2)膜电极上实现了苯胺(Aniline)的电化学聚合,并对制得的Nano-TiO2/聚苯胺复合膜的电化学性质进行了研究.结果表明在峰电位(Ep)为0.28V处有一个明显的氧化峰,在Ep为 0.54V,0.08V,-0.06V处分别有一个还原峰,经长时间扫描,氧化峰电流可达到50mA·cm-2,具有工业应用价值.同时实验也表明,复合膜的生成、Ip的大小受溶液浓度、扫描速度以及扫描电位的影响.     

聚苯胺纳米纤维修饰石墨箔电极的制备及电化学性能

以石墨箔(GF)为工作电极, 采用循环伏安法(CV), 通过电化学聚合, 制备了聚苯胺(PANI)纳米纤维修饰GF电极(Nano-PANI/GF). 利用红外光谱(FTIR)研究了Nano-PANI/GF修饰电极上聚合物的组成, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测了Nano-PANI/GF修饰电极的表面形貌. 利用循环伏安法研究了Nano-PANI/GF修饰电极在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=6.9)中的电化学活性, 发现Nano-PANI/GF修饰电极在中性溶液中有良好的电化学活性. Nano-PANI/GF修饰电极对抗坏血酸(AA)电化学氧化的催化作用结果表明, 在0.2 V(vs. SCE)电位下, 在浓度范围1.7~2.0×10³ μmol/L内, 抗坏血酸的氧化电流与浓度呈良好线性关系, 线性方程式为y=0.00013x+0.0031. 修饰电极对抗坏血酸的最低检测限为1.7 μmol/L(S/N=3).     

基于蘑菇状的金/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的亚硝酸根传感器

通过原位聚合法制备了金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)纳米复合材料,该复合材料修饰的电极(Au/PANI/GCE)对亚硝酸根(NO₂^-)的氧化具有明显的电催化活性,其独特且均匀分散的蘑菇状结构可以掺杂更多的Au NPs,提供较多的活性位点和较大的比表面积,有助于提高电化学催化NO₂^-的效果。导电聚合物PANI中可质子化的苯胺(PhNH³⁺)与溶液中带负电荷的NO₂^-产生静电吸附可促进电子的传递。Au/PANI/GCE对NO₂^-的检出限为0.6876μmol/L,线性范围为10～2400μmol/L,线性相关系数R²=0.9957,该传感器为实际湖水样品中亚硝酸盐检测提供了新方法。     

Amplified Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on Polyaniline Film and Gold Nanoparticles

In this work, an electrochemical DNA biosensor, based on a dual signal amplified strategy by employing a polyaniline film and gold nanoparticles as a sensor platform and enzyme‐linked as a label, for sensitive detection is presented. Firstly, polyaniline film and gold nanoparticles were progressively grown on graphite screen‐printed electrode surface via electropolymerization and electrochemical deposition, respectively. The sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements. The polyaniline‐gold nanocomposite modified electrodes were firstly modified with a mixed monolayer of a 17‐mer thiol‐tethered DNA probe and a spacer thiol, 6‐mercapto‐1‐hexanol (MCH). An enzyme‐amplified detection scheme, based on the coupling of a streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase conjugate and biotinylated target sequences was then applied. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of the electroinactive α‐naphthyl phosphate to α‐naphthol; this product is electroactive and has been detected by means of differential pulse voltammetry. In this way, the sensor coupled the unique electrical properties of polyaniline and gold nanoparticles (high surface area, fast heterogeneous electron transfer, chemical stability, and ease of miniaturisation) and enzymatic amplification. A linear response was obtained over a concentration range (0.2–10 nM). A detection limit of 0.1 nM was achieved.     

三元复合材料PANI／Ag／MWNT的电化学行为和比电容

通过原位聚合的方式在银纳米粒子/多壁碳纳米管（Ag/MWCNT）复合材料的表面成功聚合苯胺单体制备了聚苯胺/银纳米粒子/多壁碳纳米管（PANI/Ag/MWCNT）三元复合材料苯．通过对三元复合材料的结构以及表面形貌进行分析,表明聚苯胺层完全包覆了Ag/MWCNT复合材料,形成了核壳式结构．同时银纳米粒子则以单质晶体的形态存在于多壁碳纳米管与聚苯胺层之间．三元复合材料电极在1 mol/L的KOH溶液中具有极低的阻抗,而与聚苯胺电极相比,这些复合材料电极则表现出更低的电阻、更高的电化学活性和更好的循环稳定性．尤其是当苯胺和Ag：MWCNTs质量比为5：5时,该复合材料电极在0.25 A/g的电流密度下表现出最大的比电容值为160 F/g．     

聚苯胺/碳纳米纤维复合材料的制备及电容性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺/碳纳米纤维(PANI/CNF)复合材料,用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和孔分布及比表面积测定仪研究了复合材料的表面官能团、组成、表面形貌及比表面积,并运用循环伏安(CV)法和计时电位法测试了PANI/CNF布作为电极材料的电化学性能.研究结果表明:PANI/CNF复合材料具有粗糙的毛刺结构,PANI沿碳纳米纤维均匀分布;PANI/CNF电极氧化还原反应的可逆性良好;在100mA·g-1电流密度下,当PANI含量为44.4%(w)时,复合材料比电容量高达587.1F·g-1,比能量为66.1Wh·kg-1,电流密度为800mA·g-1时比功率可达1014.2W·kg-1;在5A·g-1的电流密度下,1000次循环充放电后,复合材料的比电容量衰减28%.PANI/CNF复合材料具有良好的导电性和快速充放电能力,是一种优良的超级电容器电极材料.     

石墨烯-壳聚糖/金纳米粒子修饰电极同时测定亚硫酸根和亚硝酸根

采用滴涂法得到了石墨烯(GR)-壳聚糖(CS)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE),再采用电沉积的方法将HAuCl4直接还原成金纳米粒子,沉积在GR-CS表面,制得了GR-CS/AuNPs GCE修饰电极。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)分别对制备的GR和构建的修饰电极GR-CS/AuNPs GCE进行了形貌表征。用循环伏安法研究了SO32-和NO2-在GR-CS/AuNPs GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,此修饰电极对SO32-和NO2-均有较好的电催化活性作用,并且能实现对两种物质的同时测定,SO32-和NO2-在该修饰电极上的线性范围分别为5～410μmol/L和1～380μmol/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.0和0.25μmol/L。GR-CS/AuNPs GCE具有很好的稳定性、重现性和灵敏度。此电极用于实际水样的SO32-和NO2-的含量测定,回收率为97.2%～102.6%,结果令人满意。     

Fabrication of Hemoglobin/Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Based on the Electrodeposition of Gold Nanoparticles/CdS Quantum Dots and Its Electrochemical Application

A novel H₂O₂ amperometric biosensor based on the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs) onto a carbon paste electrode (CPE) and immobilizing hemoglobin (Hb) with ionic liquid (IL), is presented in this article. The modification process of the electrode was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Due to synergistic effects of AuNPs, CdS QDs and IL, the biosensor exhibited high stability and good bioelectrocatalytic ability to H₂O₂ with a linear concentration range from 10 to 750 µM and a detection limit of 4.35 µM (S/N=3).     

2-巯基喹啉包裹的金纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性质

纳米材料特有的尺寸效应、量子效应和表面效应使其具有许多异于常规材料的性质 ,在催化、生物传感器、微电子器件和磁性材料等诸多领域都有广泛的应用前景 [1] .已有专家预言 ,与纳米材料相关的技术将在新世纪经济发展中起主导作用 ,对其研究是目前科学研究中的热点 .金纳米颗粒是目前研究得最多的金属纳米材料体系 .传统的金纳米颗粒的制备方法以溶胶 -凝胶法为主 [2～ 4 ] ,所制备的金纳米颗粒的粒径较大 (一般大于 1 0 nm) ,粒径分布不均匀 ,易于团聚 ,因而限制了其应用 .为了解决上述问题 ,Brust等 [5]将硫醇化合物在金属表面的自组装…     

Employing Label‐free Electrochemical Biosensor Based on 3D‐Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Nanofibers for Ultrasensitive Detection of Breast Cancer BRCA1 Biomarker

A label‐free DNA biosensor based on three‐dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D‐rGO) and polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was successfully developed for supersensitive detection of breast cancer BRCA1. The results demonstrated that 3D‐rGO and PANI nanofibers had synergic effects for reducing the charge transfer resistance (R_ct), meaning a huge enhancement in electrochemical activity of 3D‐rGO‐PANI/GCE. Probe DNA could be immobilized on 3D‐rGO‐PANI/GCE for special and sensitive recognition of target DNA (1.0×10^?15–1.0×10^?7 M) with a theoretical LOD of 3.01×10^?16 M (3S/m). Furthermore, this proposed nano‐biosensor could directly detect BRCA1 in real blood samples.     

Synthesis of Folate Conjugated Fluorescent Nanoparticle Probe and Its Application in Cervical Cancer Cell Imaging

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide with 80% of cases arising in the developing world, following cancer of the breast. The mortality associated with cervical cancer can be reduced if this disease is detected in a timely fashion. In this study, a folate conjugated fluorescent nanoparticle (FCFN) probe was used to detect cervical cancer cells. Fluorescent nanoparticles (FNs), with excellent characteristics such as nontoxicity and photostability, were first synthesized with a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly modified St?ber synthesis method and then successfully modified with folate. This kind of fluorescence probe based on FCFNs has been used to detect cervical cancer cells with fluorescence microscopy imaging technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the FCFNs can effectively recognize cervical cancer cells and exhibit good sensitivity and exceptional photostability; they would provide a novel way for the diagnosis and curative effect observation of cervical cancer cells and offer a new method in detecting folate receptors (FR).     

Electrochemical Detection of Hydrazine Based on Electrospun Palladium Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanofibers

In this work, we developed an electrochemical method for the detection of hydrazine based on palladium nanoparticle/carbon nanofibers (Pd/CNFs). Pd/CNFs were prepared by electrospinning technique and subsequent thermal treatments. The electrocatalytic behaviors of Pd/CNFs modified glassy carbon electrode (Pd/CNF‐GCE) for hydrazine oxidation were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), an obvious and well‐defined oxidation peak appeared at ?0.32 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The mechanism of the oxidation of hydrazine at Pd/CNF‐GCE was also studied, which demonstrated an irreversible diffusion‐controlled electrode process and a four‐electron transfer involved in the overall reaction. Furthermore, the wide linear range, low detection limit, good reproducibility and excellent storage stability were obtained utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).     

钯纳米粒子在电极表面的制备及其对氧的催化还原

纳米微粒的体积效应使其成为表面纳米工程及功能化纳米结构材料制备的理想研究对象 [1～ 3] .纳米粒子具有独特的电子、催化及光学特性[4 ] ,近年来关于纳米粒子的制备及其在材料科学领域中的应用受到研究者的极大关注 .而贵金属纳米粒子由于其在催化领域中的广泛应用而成为最重要的研究对象之一[5,6 ] .电催化氧还原是一直为化学家瞩目的研究领域[7～ 9] .研究主要目的之一是寻找合适的氧电极反应催化剂 ,并使之能够应用于燃料电池中 .其中催化氧电极材料研究得最多的是贵金属 Pt[10 ,11] .贵金属 Pd对氧催化还原的研究工作很少 .我们首次…