Hamming切趾技术提高体光栅光谱合成功率的研究

体光栅光谱合成技术是获得高功率激光输出的一种有效途径,体光栅衍射旁瓣是影响合成光束数目的主要因素。采用了Hamming切趾技术对体光栅旁瓣进行抑制,建立了Hamming切趾体光栅的折射率分布模型,分析了Hamming切趾体光栅的衍射特性,给出了Hamming切趾体光栅光谱合成效率公式,分析了切趾光栅对光谱合成效率的影响。计算结果表明:体光栅切趾后有效减小了体光栅对相邻合成光束的衍射损耗,切趾后,在20 nm的带宽内,谱合成光束的数目由13束增加为20束,谱合成效率达75.3%,光谱合成功率提高为切趾前的1.5倍。     

Sinc切趾布拉格光栅谱合成特性

 谱合成是获得高功率激光输出的有效方法。反射布拉格光栅衍射旁瓣是影响谱合成效率的主要因素。建立了sinc切趾布拉格光栅谱合成理论模型,采用传输矩阵法,分析了光栅参数对切趾光栅衍射特性的影响,以及入射光束光谱宽度和发散角对谱合成效率的影响。计算结果表明：sinc切趾布拉格光栅可有效抑制衍射旁瓣的影响,其一级衍射旁瓣和二级衍射旁瓣的峰值分别由62%和36%下降为0.57%和0.12%。通过优化光栅参数,利用sinc切趾布拉格光栅可实现窄光谱间距、高谱合成效率的多光束谱合成。切趾后,在10 nm的带宽内,参与谱合成光束的数目由7束增加为25束。对于波长为1 064 nm和1 064.4 nm的两束光谱合成,当入射光束光谱宽度小于0.15 nm,且发散角小于0.8 mrad时,谱合成效率达90%以上。     

基于透射型体布拉格光栅的两通道2.5kW光谱组束输出

体光栅光谱组束是获得高功率激光输出的一种有效途径.在有限的可用带宽内,光谱通道间隔影响着组束光束数目以及最终的高功率组束输出.采用耦合波理论,建立了一个两通道高功率光谱组束模型.通过优化体光栅光谱通道间隔,可放宽对组束子束线宽和功率的限制,组束功率可大幅提升而光谱密度并无显著下降.基于此,实验上获得了2.5 kW组束输出,绝对效率超过85%,通道间隔5 nm,光谱密度为0.51kW/nm.组束功率1 kW时,组束输出能保持好的光束质量;组束功率1.5kW时光束质量恶化较明显,通过分析发现,组束光束质量的恶化主要受限于体光栅的色散及高功率下体光栅复杂的热畸变.     

大模面积双包层光纤激光频谱组束的实验效果

基于透射体布拉格光栅频谱组束的设计方案,采用半导体激光器作为泵浦源,以大模面积双包层Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤为增益介质,报道了两束光纤激光频谱组束的实验结果。在两束光纤激光输出功率分别为0.39和0.53 W、光栅实际衍射效率不到60%的情况下,实现了组束功率为0.64 W、绝对组束效率高达69.6%的组束激光输出,并分析了实验过程中影响组束效率的因素。     

High-energy, narrow-bandwidth periodically poled Mg-doped LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with a volume Bragg grating

We have demonstrated a simple, high-energy, narrow spectral bandwidth optical parametric oscillator (OPO) by use of a large aperture periodically poled Mg-doped LiNbO(3) device with a volume Bragg grating (VBG). A free-running degenerate OPO pumped by a Q-switched 1.064 microm Nd:YAG laser exhibits maximum output pulse energy of 110 mJ with high slope efficiency of 75% around room temperature. Broad spectral bandwidth (Dlambda~100 nm) around the degeneracy wavelength was suppressed by using a VBG as an output coupler. Up to 61 mJ of the output pulse energy with narrowed spectral bandwidth of less than 1.4 nm was obtained at the degeneracy wavelength of 2.128 microm.     

Interrogation of fiber gratings by use of low-coherence spectral interferometry of noiselike pulses

We demonstrate an innovative method for a real-time interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings based on low-coherence spectral interferometry of noiselike pulses. By analyzing the spectral interference at the output of a Michelson interferometer we obtained the impulse response of the grating with a time resolution of ~350 fs . Using the Gabor transformation, we could directly detect nonuniform regions inside the grating and could measure the spatial dependence of the resonance wavelength along the grating.     

分析布拉格光栅破坏的两纤芯不同的光纤耦合器

进一步推广了描述纤芯不同光纤耦合器的耦合模理论，用于解释被布拉格光栅破坏的两纤芯不同光纤耦合器的耦合现象，理论分析的结果与已报道的实验结果相符，与单独的布拉格光栅所起的反射作用不同,这里布拉格光栅所起的作用主要是引入了强烈的色散，在光栅的频谱范围内使耦合器不再同步，在被布拉格光栅破坏的光纤耦合器的选择性频谱中，其边缘部分出现非常弱的波动，而在其阻带内出现非常强的凹陷。     

Efficient Cr:ZnSe laser with a volume Bragg grating

An efficient and narrow linewidth Cr:ZnSe laser pumped by Tm,Ho:GdVO₄ laser with a volume Bragg grating (VBG) is reported. The Cr:ZnSe laser operated at 2580 nm with emitting linewidth (FWHM) about 0.8 nm. Using the volume Bragg grating, 3.57 W of output was achieved under total incident pump power of 13.1 W, corresponding to optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 27.3%. By use of conventional mirror, 4.11 W of output was achieved the same incident pump power and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 31.4%.     

Efficient pumping of Rb vapor by high-power volume Bragg diode laser

A 2W cw laser diode (LD) with an external cavity produced by a reflecting volume Bragg grating (VBG) demonstrated a spectral width of 7GHz (full width at half-maximum) at 780nm. The device output power exceeded 90% of the output power of the free-running LD. The emission wavelength was tuned over a 300pm range by thermal control of the VBG. Rb vapor was shown to absorb more than 95% of the laser radiation.     

A narrow linewidth continuous wave Ho:YAP laser with a volume Bragg grating

We report a diode-pumped CW Ho:YAP laser at room temperature with a volume Bragg grating (VBG) instead of the conventional mirror. The Ho:YAP laser operated at 2117.9 nm, with output power 8.1 W. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 51.9% and slope efficiency is 61.1%. Also, a stable output and a narrow line width less than 0.3 nm FWHM are achieved. This is the first time to report a Ho:YAP laser with a volume Bragg grating.     

同轴-三平板型水介质脉冲输出开关实验研究

设计了用于脉冲功率装置的4 MV水介质同轴 三平板型输出开关。该脉冲功率装置将由24路相同的独立模块组成，每路模块由Marx发生器、中间储能器、激光触发气体开关、脉冲形成线、水介质脉冲输出开关、脉冲传输线等组成。水介质脉冲输出开关是同轴 三平板结构水介质多通道自击穿开关，由输入输出电极、预脉冲屏蔽板和连接部件组成。进行了有预脉冲屏蔽板结构和无预脉冲屏蔽板结构的自击穿水开关实验研究。有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的输入、输出电极都是半球电极，直径分别是8 cm和5 cm；无预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关为针 板结构，输入电极为平板电极，输出电极为直径3 cm的电极棒。Marx发生器充电70 kV，开关的击穿电压为3 MV，放电电流为450 kA。在3 MV等级的击穿电压下，有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动约6 ns，没有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动减小至3 ns。     

基于相移光纤光栅的布拉格波长解调原理的分析

提出了一种基于相移光纤光栅(phase shifted fiber grating)的布拉格波长解调技术，相移光纤光栅在反射谱阻带中能打开线宽极窄的一个或多个通透窗口，而且窗口位置随所加相移量的大小呈线性变化。实验中应用电流调谐相移量以实现布拉格波长的解调。选用最大波长偏移量为2nm的相移光纤光栅进行调谐滤波，温度的测量范围可达到200℃，应变的测量范围可达到2000μs。实验表明利用相移光纤光栅进行布拉格波长解调，取得了预期的效果，为布拉格波长解调技术提出了新的思路。     

Narrowband bulk Bragg grating optical parametric oscillator

A narrowband, pulsed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) whose output coupler is a bulk glass Bragg grating is demonstrated. The OPO is based on periodically poled KTiOPO4 and is pumped by a pulsed, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm, generating a signal at 975 nm with a total efficiency of 35%. This novel and compact device shows a spectral bandwidth of 0.16 nm (50 GHz), a decrease by a factor of 20 compared with that when a conventional mirror is used. By using a folded cavity, we demonstrate tunable radiation with a tuning range of 60 nm and maintained spectral bandwidth.     

体布拉格光栅用于高功率光谱组束的研究

使用透射型体布拉格光栅组束两束光纤激光,实现了856 W光谱组束输出。总的光谱组束效率为73.7%,组束光束的横向质量因子为7.9,纵向质量因子为2.7。研究结果显示,虽然体光栅的角色散严重影响衍射光束的光束质量,但其并不影响透射光束的光束特性。由于当前宽谱光纤激光器的输出功率远大于窄线宽输出,使用宽谱光纤激光器(光谱带宽超过4nm)作为透射光束,能够在不降低组束效率和组束光束质量的前提下,有效提升使用体布拉格光栅进行光谱组束的总输出功率。     

Volume Bragg grating stabilized spectrally narrow Tm fiber laser

A Tm-doped large mode area (LMA) silica fiber laser has been locked to a stable wavelength of 2,053.9 nm using a volume Bragg grating (VBG). The measured spectral width of the laser output was <300 pm, limited by the spectrometer resolution. Although this laser had modest output (approximately 5W) and slope efficiency (41%), this new approach to spectrally limiting the output of LMA fiber lasers is inherently extendable to kilowatt powers, opening up several applications including high-power pulsed fiber lasers and spectral beam combining. Performance characteristics of the laser compared to one using a dielectric mirror as a high reflector are described, and the results imply low VBG losses.     

Narrow-band,tunable 2 μm optical parametric oscillator based on MgO:PPLN at degeneracy with a volume Bragg grating output coupler

A degenerate optical parametric oscillator (OPO) using an MgO:PPLN crystal and a volume Bragg grating (VBG) output coupler is presented. By changing the temperature of the VBG, the resonance of the OPO can be tuned exactly on the degeneracy point. A single-longitudinal and a multi-longitudinal mode pump scheme as well as the performance of the optical parametric oscillator on and off degeneracy are compared. It was found that the multi-longitudinal mode pump setup provides superior results with respect to spectral width and stability at degeneracy. At 2128.4 nm, a spectral width of less than 0.7 nm, an output power of 1.7 W with a slope efficiency of 31.8%, and low power fluctuation of 0.3% were achieved.     

Spectral beam combining of fiber lasers based on a transmitting volume Bragg grating

Based on the principle of spectral beam combining using a transmitting volume Bragg grating, a simple experimental setup was designed, in which an approach to control the incidence angles of beams using a focusing lens is presented. The experimental results for the spectral beam combining of two fiber lasers are reported. The gain media used in this experiment were large-mode area Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped double-clad fibers, pumped by semiconductor lasers. The output powers of the two fiber lasers were 0.39 and 0.53 W, respectively. With a grating diffraction efficiency of about 60%, a maximum combined power of 0.64 W with an absolute combining efficiency of about 69.6% was achieved.     

Linearly polarized fiber laser using a point-by-point Bragg grating in a single-polarization photonic bandgap fiber

We present a narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized neodymium-doped fiber laser that incorporates a point-by-point Bragg grating inscribed into the core of a single-polarization all-solid photonic bandgap fiber. The Bragg grating was written within a single-polarization wavelength band of the fiber; thus, the Bragg reflection was polarized. This all-fiber laser produced 7.2 W, linearly polarized output with 25 pm FWHM and 19.6 dB polarization extinction ratio.     

Tunable, passively Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode Nd:YVO4 laser using a chirped volume Bragg grating

A Nd:YVO₄ laser was locked with a chirped volume Bragg grating to achieve single-longitudinal-mode output. Tuning was performed from 1,063 to 1,065?nm by translating the grating and a maximum output power of 4?W was obtained. With a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber, Q-switched pulses with 4?ns and a pulse energy of 5.7???J were achieved which could be frequency doubled in PPKTP with a conversion efficiency exceeding 50?%.     

基于反射光谱特征辨识的光纤气压与温度集成监测方法

针对飞行器机载环境多参量综合测试需求,研究了一种基于反射光谱特征辨识的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)气压与温度集成监测方法,给出了基于膜片式结构的双参量传感机理及其理论模型。采用基于耦合模理论的OptiGrating软件,得到不同气压与温度条件下光纤布拉格光栅传感器仿真反射光谱。在此基础上,借助弹塑性和恢复性能优良的平膜片感压机构,构建了膜片式双光纤气压/温度集成监测模型。研究表明,恒温条件下应变传感光纤光栅反射光谱随气压增加而逐渐向短波方向偏移,其中心波长灵敏度约为0.803 0 nm·MPa-1,且反射谱主峰及其旁瓣峰值均随气压变化呈现良好线性关系;当气压恒定而温度变化时,处于仅感温不受力状态的温度传感光纤光栅反射光谱中心波长灵敏度约为9.39 pm·℃-1;当气压与温度交叉变化时,能够实现对变温条件下的微小气压变化实时监测。传感光纤光栅受非均匀应变效应反射光谱存在一定啁啾现象,其反射光谱旁瓣峰值波长随环境温度、气压变化均会发生偏移,具有良好线性关系,且在不同气压下反射光谱对应的同一阶数旁瓣峰值幅度相等。该研究能够为航空航天器系统多物理参量在线综合测试提供有益帮助。