存在趋势和周期特征的非平稳时间序列的建模及其应用

本文研究存在未知周期和趋势的非平稳时间序列的估计问题.将经典的时间序列分解模型写成一个含有未知参数的部分线性模型,首先采用B-样条逼近未知时间趋势,然后利用惩罚最小二乘回归法得到未知周期、周期序列和趋势的估计.本文还给出估计量的理论性质,包括周期估计的相合性以及周期序列和趋势估计的渐近性质.模拟研究展现了本文方法的优越...     

具有周期特征的离散时间序列的非参数可加模型

周期性是在时间序列分析中经常出现的影响因素之一.在离散值响应变量时间序列中,我们利用带惩罚的极大似然估计建立了未知周期的一致估计.基于周期的估计,我们利用B-样条逼近趋势项和可加函数,同时得到了周期项的√n相合估计以及趋势项和可加函数的初始估计.然后基于后移的思想,推导了趋势项和可加函数的改进估计,并证明了估计量的渐近...     

变系数的周期性时间序列模型及其应用

存在于各个领域的时间序列不仅表现出周期性的特征还易受外界因素的影响,而且外界因素的影响并非一成不变,同时,部分时间序列的周期是未知的.对于这样的易受外界因素影响的周期性时间序列,本文旨在构造含有变系数函数的周期性序列模型.将经典的时间序列模型分解成一个含有未知参数的部分线性变系数模型,利用B样条逼近外生变量的变系数函数,借助带有l₀惩罚项的最小二乘回归得到未知周期、周期序列以及外生变量的影响系数的估计结果.本文还给出了估计量的理论性质,包括周期估计的相合性、周期序列估计和变系数函数估计的渐近性质.通过第4章的模拟,我们展现了本文方法的优越性.最后我们通过三个实际数据的应用展现了本文方法的实用性.     

多尺度B样条小波边缘检测算子

基于B样条理论提出了一类新的多尺度小波变换,通过其零交叉或模极值能有效地表示和检测信号或图象的边缘,对任意n次B样条,导出了相应的分解和重建的快速算法,对应的用于分解和重建的滤波器的时域和频域响应也被精确地给出.从时频局部化的角度对不同次数的B样条作了分析,认为3次B样条小波在边缘提取等实际应用中是渐近最优的,结果也为B样条小波在立体视觉匹配、滤噪等方面的进一步应用提供了基础.     

含有自适应筛选系数的广义经验模态分解方法

经验模态分解(EMD)是针对非线性和非平稳数据的有效分析方法,但是原始算法有多余分量、分量之间不完全正交等缺点.本文引入筛选系数λ将原始EMD算法推广为广义EMD算法,并且使用最小化正交条件来选取最优筛选系数.模拟数据和实际数据的分析结果显示,相比于原始EMD算法,该算法有效地减少了多余分量,更好地分解出了时间序列的趋势成分,而且提高了IMF成分序列之间的正交性.由于筛选系数是数据本身决定的,因此该算法比原始算法有更强的自适应性.     

近似周期时间序列分析（英文）

本文首先给出了近似周期时间序列概念,即:具有周期特征但是周期长度变化的时间序列.比如,太阳黑子序列具有11年左右的周期,但是其周期并不是11,而是在11左右变化,这就是一个近似周期序列.然后给出了提取近似周期趋势方法,并且提出了广义差分算子,这里提出的广义差分算子不仅可以消除时间序列的长期趋势和周期性,而且还可以消除近似周期性.最后,以太阳黑子序列为例说明了广义差分算子的应用.     

用SASD统计包预报含季节变化数据

一、引言 时间序列分析可以揭示一个按时间间隔搜集的统计资料所反映的规律.一直掌握这种规律,即可对未来作出估计,这种估计就是预报.预报是任何决策的基本工具,它对 工程技术人员和管理人员是非常重要的。 时间序列中通常包括四种变化成分;长期趋势、周期波动、季节变动和随机变化.长期趋势是指变量值在一个长期内所呈现的增加或减小的趋势.周期波动是指在一年以上的时期内,时间序列沿其长期趋势线上摆动的波动变化.季节变动是指在一年内围绕趋势线的可以预报的重复运动.随机变化是指时间序列中的随机变化因素. 随机数据统计分析软件包SA…     

不等长周期时间序列的周期划分方法

针对时间序列周期不等长的情况,提出了一种基于周期划分的时间序列周期分析方法.首先将时间序列变换到频域中获取序列的周期特征,其次根据周期特征计算移动平均的项数来对时间序列做移动平均处理,然后计算移动平均处理后序列中的极值点,最后对极值点按条件进行剔除后得到周期划分点.以划分点为界划分得到时间序列的多个周期段,经过分析采用周期段的中位数线来表示时间序列的周期性变化特征.这种周期划分方法更适用于存在随机波动的长序列,实验表明该方法能较好地对序列做出划分,得到的周期段中位数线的变化特点也与原时间序列基本相符.     

基于结构突变的波动率分解模型

在Heston-Nandi模型的基础上提出了一种波动率分解模型,分解模型同时考虑了金融波动的长记忆性和杠杆效应.从资产收益率的无条件方差发生结构突变出发,认为收益率的无条件方差随时间变化,将波动率分解为长期影响和短期冲击两部分,其中长期影响用来刻画波动率的持续性,短期冲击刻画金融波动的短期扰动.上证综指数据实证表明上海证券综合指数收益率序列的波动性同时具有长记忆性和杠杆效应,利用模型能很好的刻画这两种性质.     

基于灰作用量优化的分数阶灰色预测模型研究

针对小样本振荡型数据序列的灰建模预测问题,提出基于灰作用量优化的分数阶GM(1,1|sin+cos)预测模型.在已有经典GM(1,1|sin)的基础上,一方面,将一阶累加灰生成拓展为分数阶累加灰生成,使得构建的模型更加符合新信息优先原理.另一方面,将灰作用量b_1 sin pk+b_2改进为b_1 sin pk+b_2 cos qk+b_3,其作用是通过增加余弦函数项cos qk,使得具有两个不同周期的运动项cos qk与b_1 sin pk+b_2叠加复合之后,能够生成更加贴近于振荡原始序列趋势和特征的时间响应序列,从而得到拟合精度较高的灰色模型.其次,对建模过程的时间响应式、模型参数p和q的最优估计问题进行了研究,构造了最优累加阶数r、参数p和q的粒子群优化算法,得到的优化模型实现了某些类型振荡序列较高精度的预测.实际数据例子结果表明,所建立的模型能够较好地模拟常见振荡型数据序列的波动趋势和特征,具有较强的适用性和拟合性能.     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].