共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
基于燃烧详细反应机理构建的需要, 采用反应类过渡态理论(RC-TST)研究了OH自由基夺取烷基环戊烷环上和侧链上氢原子的动力学. 在考察侧链氢提取反应类的16个代表反应的基础上, 本工作首次将该方法推广到环上α氢提取反应类的10个代表反应的研究, 分别建立了两类反应的线性自由能(LER)关系式. 计算结果表明, 采用RC-TST/LER方法预测的这两类反应的速率常数与直接应用TST/Eckart方法得到的结果接近, 说明RC-TST/LER方法对预测这两类反应的速率常数非常有效, 且节约了大量计算成本. 而且, 无论是侧链还是五元环, OH·夺取叔碳上的氢原子最易发生. 相似文献
3.
采用双水平直接动力学方法对C2H3与CH3F氢抽提反应进行了研究. 在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d, p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上, 计算的三个反应通道R1、R2和R3的能垒(ΔE≠)分别为43.2、43.9和44.1 kJ·mol-1, 反应热为-38.2 kJ·mol-1. 此外, 利用传统过渡态理论(TST)、正则变分过渡态理论(CVT)和包含小曲率隧道效应(SCT)的CVT, 分别计算了200-3000 K温度范围内反应的速率常数kTST、kCVT和kCVT/SCT. 结果表明: (1) 三个氢抽提反应通道的速率常数随温度的增加而增大, 其中变分效应的影响可以忽略, 隧道效应则在低温段影响显著; (2) R1反应是主反应通道, 但随着温度的升高, R2反应的竞争力增大, 而R3反应对总速率常数的影响很小. 相似文献
4.
采用多种密度泛函理论方法(如CAM-B3LYP, M062x和wB97x方法), 并辅以极化连续介质模型对叔丁氧基自由基(tBuO·)与一系列胺类、 烷烃、 醇类和醚类反应物之间氢迁移反应的反应机理进行研究. 计算结果表明, 这类氢迁移反应主要受熵的控制. 通过对液相平动熵和气相平动熵得到的活化自由能数据进行对比, 可以看出, 使用气相平动熵得出的活化自由能明显偏高于实验测量值, 而以液相平动熵计算的反应活化自由能垒与实际结果相近, 3种方法对胺类和烷烃类反应物体系得出的结果更可靠, 对醇类和醚类反应物体系自由能垒则略低. 相似文献
5.
6.
利用双水平直接动力学方法对反应CH3SH+H的微观机理和动力学性质进行了理论研究.对于此反应的三个反应通道,即—SH和—CH3基团上的两个氢提取通道及一个取代通道,在MP2/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了各稳定点的结构及振动频率,并在G3(MP2)水平上进行了单点能量计算以获得更精确的能量信息;在此基础上运用结合小曲率隧道效应校正的变分过渡态理论(CVT/SCT)计算了各反应通道在220-1000 K温度区间的速率常数.计算结果表明提取—SH基团上H的反应通道R1在整个反应温度区间都是主要通道,而随着温度的升高,低温下的次要反应通道——取代通道R3变得越来越重要,并且在高温下将成为一个竞争的反应通道;提取—CH3基团上H的反应通道(R2)由于具有较高的反应能垒,因而,其对总反应速率常数的贡献可以忽略.计算得到的总反应速率常数与已有的实验值符合得很好,进而我们预测了该反应在220-1000 K温度范围内速率常数的表达式为:k=5.00×10-18T2.39exp(-119.81/T),为将来的实验研究提供参考. 相似文献
7.
ThemajorfiresuppressionagentsusedinconfinedspacesortoprotectelectronicsareCFsBrandCF2ClBr.Howeverbecauseoftheirozonedepletionpotential,theirproductionisnowbanned.Thesearchfornewflamesuppressantswhichareeffective,nontoxicandhaveIowglobalenvironmentalimpacthassparkedincreasedinterestinthemechanismsoffiresuppressionandthedevelopmentofpredictiveflamemodels1-2.KineticdataforthereactionsofOatomswithhalogenatedmethanesareneededtomodelthecombustionchendstry.Manystudiesaboutithavebeencarriedoutbyex… 相似文献
8.
The kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction at alkanes by formyl radicals is investigated using the reaction class transition
state theory (RC-TST) approach combined with the linear energy relationship (LER) or the barrier height grouping (BHG). The
rate constants of a reaction in this class can be estimated through those of the reference reaction, CHO + C2H6, which are obtained from rate constants of the reaction that involves the smallest species, namely CHO + CH4, using the explicit RC-TST scaling. The thermal rate constants of this smallest reaction are evaluated at the canonical variational
transition state theory (CVT) with the corrections from the small-curvature tunneling (SCT) and hindered rotation (HR) treatments.
Our analyses indicate that less than 40% systematic errors, on the average, exist in the predicted rate constants using both
the LER approach, where only reaction energy is needed, and the BHG approach, where no additional information is needed; while
comparing to explicit rate calculations the differences are less than 60%.
Contribution to Mark S. Gordon 65th Birthday Festschrift Issue. 相似文献
9.
Potential energy surfaces are developed and tested for the OH + CHF3 → H2O + CF3 reaction. The objective is to obtain surfaces that give calculated rate constants comparable to the experimental ones. The
potential energy surfaces are constructed using hybrid and hybrid meta density functional theory methods (mPW1PW91, B1B95,
and mPW1B95) with specific reaction parameters in conjunction with the 6–31+ G(d,p) basis set. The rate constants are calculated
over the temperature range 200–1,500 K using variational transition state theory with multidimensional tunneling contributions.
The hybrid density functional theory methods with specific-reaction-parameter Hartree-Fock exchange contributions (32.8–34.8%
for mPW1PW91, 34.2–36.0% for B1B95, and 37.8–39.7% for mPW1B95, respectively) provide accurate rate constants over an extended
temperature range. The classical barrier height for the hydrogen abstraction reaction is determined to be 6.5–6.9 kcal/mol
on these potential energy surfaces, and the best estimate value is 6.77 kcal/mol.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
10.
用从头算UMP2方法采用6-311+G基组详细研究了Cl原子与甲酸反应的最佳反应 路径,对所有驻点都进行了G2单点能校正,结果表明:在Cl与HC0OH反应的过程中 ,Cl原子主要夺取trans-HCOOH中C端的H原子,产生cis—HOCO基团,反应的势垒为 16.7kJ/mol.考虑Cl原子存在下的二级反应,cis—HOCO将通过通道Rla1和Rla2 生成trans-HOCOCl再分解为最终产物CO2.cis-HOCO和trans-HOCO自由基与Cl原子的 反应为放热和无势垒过程.而HOCO和HOCOCl两个中间体的cis—到trans-转化势垒 分别为15.1和33.5kJ/mol.由于构型的原因,HOCOCl分解成CO2和HCl必须通过 trans-构型来进行.这步反应的势垒较高,为131.0kJ/mol.298K时,采用经典过 渡态理论计算得到的引发步骤的H-迁移反应的速率常数与实验值符合很好.也计算 了甲酸二聚体与Cl原子的H-迁移反应的速率常数. 相似文献
11.
采用密度泛函理论计算方法, 在B3LYP/6-311G*水平下, 计算并得到了SiHCl3与H2反应各反应通道上各驻点的构型、振动频率和能量. 结果表明, 在气相中SiHCl3分解的通道d和SiHCl3与H2反应的通道c为竞争反应, 但其均未还原出Si原子, 只有衬底Si参与SiHCl3-H2的反应, Si原子才淀积在Si衬底上. 相似文献
12.
采用密度泛函方法(B3LYP)在6-311+G(d,p)基组水平上研究了CH3CH2S自由基H迁移异构化以及裂解反应的微观动力学机理. 在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)+ZPE水平上进行了单点能校正. 利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)分别计算了在200~2000 K温度区间内的速率常数kTST和kCVT, 同时获得了经小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT)校正后的速率常数kCVT/SCT. 研究结果表明, CH3CH2S自由基1,2-H迁移、1,3-H迁移、C—C键断裂和β-C—H键断裂反应的势垒ΔE≠分别为149.74, 144.34, 168.79和198.29 kJ/mol. 当温度低于800 K时, 主要发生1,2-H迁移反应, 高于1800 K时, 主要表现为C—C键断裂反应, 在1300—1800 K范围内, 1,3-H迁移反应是优势通道, 在计算的整个温度段内, β-C—H键断裂反应可以忽略. 相似文献
13.
氢气在贮氢合金电极上析出反应机理的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
贮氢合金电极上氢气的析出反应分为水分子的放电和吸附氢原子复合脱附两个步骤,即反应按Volmer-Tafel机理进行,反应的超电势η可以区分为η1和η2两个组成部分,反映了Volmer和Tafel反应的极化特征。析氢反应的速度由二者混合控制,在高超电势区,主要则由Volmer反应所控制。 相似文献
14.
Hui Zhang Gui-ling Zhang Jing-yao Liu Miao Sun Bo Liu Ze-sheng Li 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2008,119(5-6):445-451
Theoretical investigations are carried out on the reaction multi-channel CH3COCH3 + Cl (R1) and CH3 COCH3 + CH3 (R2) by means of direct dynamics methods. The minimum energy path (MEP) is obtained at the MP2/6-31 + G(d,p) level, and energetic
information is further refined at the BMC–CCSD (single-point) level. The rate constants are calculated by the improved canonical
variational transition state theory (ICVT) with the small-curvature tunneling (SCT) correction in a wide temperature range
200–3,000 K. The theoretical overall rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data and are found
to be k
1 = 3.08 × 10−17
T
2.03exp(−32.96/T) and k
2 = 1.61 × 10−23
T
3.53 exp(−3969.51/T) cm3molecule−1s−1.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
15.
The reaction path of the reaction HCN + OH→ CN + H2O was traced with Fukui's theory of intrinsic reaction coordinate by using ab initio MO method (at UMP4/6-31G** level) with gradient technique. On this basis, the dynamics properties along the reaction path was investigated by reaction path Hamiltonian theory. The rate constants of this reaction at different temperatures were calculated by conventional and variational transition state theory with tunneling correction. The theoretically calculated rate constants are in good agreement with experimental results, this shows that the title reaction is an one step, direct reaction. 相似文献
16.
The reaction of N2O with CO, catalyzed by Fe+(C6H6) and producing N2 and CO2, has been investigated at the UB3LYP/6-311+G(d) level. The computation results revealed that the reaction of Fe+(C6H6), N2O and CO, is an O-atom abstraction mechanism. For the reaction channels, the geometries and the vibrational frequencies of all species have been calculated and the frequency modes analysis also have been given to elucidate the reaction mechanism. On the basis for geometry optimizations, the thermodynamic data of these reactions channels have been calculated using the statistical theory at 295.15 K and pressure of 0.35 Torr. Using Eyring transition state theory with Wigner correction, the activation thermodynamic data, rate constant and frequency factors for the these reaction channels also have been given. The results showed that CO and N2O do not react without catalyst and Fe+(C6H6) can excellently mediate the reaction of N2O and CO. 相似文献
17.
TrichlorosilaneisanimportantmaterialinplasmaChemicalVaporDeposition (CVD)andinsemiconductordeviceprocess .1 4 Thereactionoftrichlorosilanewithatomichydrogen ,thesimplestfree radicalspecies,hasdrawnconsiderableattention :kineticparametersforH atomreactionared… 相似文献
18.
光照法研究超氧化物歧化酶及其模型化合物与超氧离子的反应动力学 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用改进的光照法研究了超氧化物歧化酶及其模型化合物μ-桥基·二(2,6-二乙酰基吡啶)缩二丙二胺合铜(Ⅱ)(桥基为SCN-,N3-,I-,Br-,Cl-,OH-)与超氧离子的反应动力学,测定了反应速率常数kQ,结果表明,超氧化物歧化酶的kQ与脉冲辐解法及黄嘌呤氧化酶法的结果一致。6种配合物中,Cu2L(SCN)(ClO4)3的kQ最大,Cu2L(N3)(ClO4)3的最小,并讨论了真kQ不同的原因。 相似文献
19.
用特别设计的以平面金电极为工作电极,以Nafion膜为固体电解质的实验装置,对金电极析氢反应过程中吸附氢原子的表面扩散及吸附氢原子复合为氢分子的反应进行了定量研究,发现吸附氢原子在金表面上的扩散及复合反应引起了电流增加.对这一随时间变化的电流增加数据进行计算机模拟和数值拟合,得到金电极析氢反应中吸附氢原子的表面扩散系数、复合反应常数及其它动力学参数,并对数据进行了讨论. 相似文献
20.
CTAB对H2O2氧化抗坏血酸反应动力学的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H2O2氧化抗坏血酸H2A的反应为一复杂过程,其过程可用下面可逆连续反应来描述:HA-+H2O2 A,本文用热导式热量计研究了该复杂反应在25 ℃和pH=7的磷酸缓冲溶液(离子强度μ=0.1 mol•L-1)以及在阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)存在下的反应动力学, 获得了不同CTAB浓度下该复杂反应的表观动力学参数k1、k2和k-1.研究结果表明,表面活性剂CTAB单体分子对反应参数k-1影响不大, 但却能催化第一步正向反应使k1变大,而使k2减小; 在临界胶束浓度cmc附近k1达到最大值,随后又降低;低浓度胶束对k-1影响不大,而使k2增大;高浓度胶束则使k-1增大而使k2减小. 低浓度CTAB胶束对的活性影响不大, 而高浓度CTAB胶束将较显著地促进的歧化过程, 减缓的氧化过程. 胶束的静电效应、疏水效应和局部浓聚效应是影响上述反应的重要因素. 相似文献