非饱和土壤水流问题的CN有限元格式

首先给出二维非饱和土壤水流问题基于Crank-Nicolson(CN)方法的具有时间二阶精度的半离散化格式,然后直接从CN时间半离散化格式出发,建立具有时间二阶精度的全离散化CN有限元格式,并给出误差估计,最后用数值例子说明全离散化CN有限元格式的优越性.这种方法可以绕开关于空间变量的半离散化格式的讨论,提高时间离散的精度,极大地减少时间方向的迭代步,从而减少实际计算中截断误差的积累,提高计算精度和计算效率.     

一类带弱奇异核偏积分微分方程空间谱配置方法的全局性

借助拉普拉斯变换,运用谱配置方法研究一类线性偏积分微分方程的半离散问题,这类问题出现在粘弹性模型中.它是一种基于Gauss-Lobatto求积节点的配置方法.我们得到了空间半离散解的稳定性和收敛性结果.     

二维土壤溶质输运问题的CN有限元法

首先给出二维土壤溶质输运问题时间二阶精度的Crank-Nicolson(CN)时间半离散化格式,然后直接从CN时间半离散化格式出发,建立具有时间二阶精度的全离散化CN有限元格式,并给出CN有限元解的误差分析,最后用数值例子验证全离散化CN有限元格式的优越性.这种方法提高了时间离散的精度,并极大地减少时间方向的迭代步,从而减少实际计算中截断误差的积累,提高计算精度和计算效率.而且方法绕开对空间变量半离散化有限元格式的讨论,使得理论研究更简便.     

关于非线性双曲型方程全离散有限元方法的稳定性和收敛性估计

本文研究非线性双曲型方程混合问题的有限元方法.这类问题的研究,对于非线性振动、渗流力学等实际问题,在理论和实用方面均有价值.关于线性、半线性双曲方程全离散有限元方法及非线性双曲方程半离散有限元方法的收敛性研究,已有[1]—[4].     

求解二维波动方程正演反演问题的半离散方法

本文用半离散方法将二维波动方程离散为一维耦合波动方程组．给出了离散的收敛性及波动方程组的适定性．利用这种方法可以求解波动方程系数及演问题．     

关于人口发展方程半离散算法的研究

利用半离散的方法将人口发展方程的边界条件进行离散,离散后得到两个相应的偏微分方程模型,然后利用算子半群的理论证明了离散后的解都逼近原方程的解,从而证明这种半离散方法是可行的.     

一维热弹性问题的Galerkin方法

本文研究了由一维热弹性问题提出的双曲——抛物偶合偏微方程组的Galerkin方法,导出了半离散和全离散Galerkin逼近的L~2估计。     

抛物型方程在变动区域中的Galarkin有限元法及其对Stefan问题的应用

文中叙述了具变系数抛物型方程在变动区域中的有限元半离散格式和全离散θ格式,给出了误差界和稳定性结果,并应用于求解Stefan问题。     

一类带大小结构的多种群系统的半离散化

建立了一类具有大小结构的多种群系统的半离散模型,证明了半离散模型古典解的存在唯一性.     

CEV过程下回望期权定价的高精度收敛差分算法

主要研究了CEV过程下一类回望期权的定价的数值解法问题.首先对期权价格所满足的微分方程中的空间变量进行半离散化处理,得到了具体的半离散化差分格式,然后证明了该差分格式具有稳定性和收敛性.数值试验表明本文算法是一个稳定收敛的算法.     

A Note on the Stability of the Integral-Differential Equation of the Hyperbolic Type in a Hilbert Space

In this paper, the initial-value problem for integral-differential equation of the hyperbolic type in a Hilbert space H is considered. The unique solvability of this problem is established. The stability estimates for the solution of this problem are obtained. The difference scheme approximately solving this problem is presented. The stability estimates for the solution of this difference scheme are obtained. In applications, the stability estimates for the solutions of the nonlocal boundary problem for one-dimensional integral-differential equation of the hyperbolic type with two dependent limits and of the local boundary problem for multidimensional integral-differential equation of the hyperbolic type with two dependent limits are obtained. The difference schemes for solving these two problems are presented. The stability estimates for the solutions of these difference schemes are obtained.     

A simulation approach to cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit calculations of screening for the early detection of disease

The computer simulation program Miscan, developed for analysis, prediction and optimization of screening for early detection of disease, has been extended to enable full cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit calculations. The user specifies which of the available cost- and effectiveness-items are to be used and can choose the valuation per unit for each item. The program computes the volume of each item for scenarios with and without screening, and calculates the costs and effectiveness of the simulated screening policy. The program allows for discounting and present value computations, for scale effects, and for quality adjustment of life years for age and disease stage. The use of the program is illustrated with a model of cervical cancer screening that was based on data from the pilot project in the Netherlands. Two screening policies are compared for several discount rates, and for several exchange rates between costs and health effects.     

Extensional wave motion in homogenous isotropic thermoelastic plate by using asymptotic method

The present investigation is concerned with the study of extensional wave motion in an infinite homogenous isotropic, thermoelastic plate by using asymptotic method. The governing equation for the extensional wave motions have been derived from the system of three-dimensional dynamical equations of linear coupled theory of thermoelasticity. All coefficients of the differential operator are expressed as explicit functions of the material parameters. The velocity dispersion equation for the extensional wave motion is deduced from the three-dimensional analog of Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equation for thermoelastic plate waves. The approximations for long and short waves and expression for group velocity are also derived. The thermoelastic Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equations for the considered plate are expanded in power series in order to obtain polynomial frequency and velocity dispersion relations whose equivalence is established to that of asymptotic method. The dispersion curves for phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are shown graphically for extensional wave motion of the plates.     

The Clique Complex and Hypergraph Matching

The width of a hypergraph is the minimal for which there exist such that for any , for some . The matching width of is the minimal such that for any matching there exist such that for any , for some . The following extension of the Aharoni-Haxell matching Theorem [3] is proved: Let be a family of hypergraphs such that for each either or , then there exists a matching such that for all . This is a consequence of a more general result on colored cliques in graphs. The proofs are topological and use the Nerve Theorem. Received June 14, 1999     

Optimal control for systems described by hyperbolic equations with strong nonlinearity

An optimization control problem for a hyperbolic equation is considered. The system is nonlinear with respect to the state derivative. The regularization technique for the state equation is applied. The necessary conditions of optimality for the regularized control problem are proved. It uses the extended differentiability of the control-state mapping for the regularized equation. The convergence of the regularization method is proved. Thus the optimal control for the regularized problem with a small enough regularization parameter can be chosen as an approximate solution of the initial optimization problem.     

Nonlocal boundary-value problems for abstract parabolic equations: well-posedness in Bochner spaces

The well-posedness of the nonlocal boundary-value problem for abstract parabolic differential equations in Bochner spaces is established. The first and second order of accuracy difference schemes for the approximate solutions of this problem are considered. The coercive inequalities for the solutions of these difference schemes are established. In applications, the almost coercive stability and coercive stability estimates for the solutions of difference schemes for the approximate solutions of the nonlocal boundary-value problem for parabolic equation are obtained.     

Existence results for dynamic adhesive contact of a rod

The existence and uniqueness of the weak solution to the model for the dynamics of a viscoelastic rod which is in adhesive contact with an obstacle is established. The model consists of a hyperbolic equation for the vibrations of the rod coupled with a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) for the evolution of the bonding function. The model allows for failure, i.e., complete debonding, in finite time. The existence of the weak solution is established by using an existence result for ODEs and the Schauder fixed-point theorem. The limit of an elastic rod when the viscosity vanishes is studied, too.     

Trigonometric polynomial or exponential fitting approach?

The application of a trigonometric polynomial and an exponential fitting approach is compared for a three-point formula for second-order derivatives, for Simpson’s quadrature rule and for Numerov’s scheme for second-order differential equations. The expressions for the occurring parameters are constructed in both the approaches and the behaviour of these parameters with respect to the introduced frequency is studied. The errors for specific problems obtained in both the approaches as a function of the frequency are compared.     

Conservation laws and conserved quantities for laminar two-dimensional and radial jets

A systematic way to derive the conserved quantities for the liquid jet, free jet and wall jet using conservation laws is presented. Both two-dimensional and radial jets are considered. The jet flows are described by Prandtl’s momentum boundary layer equation and the continuity equation. The multiplier approach (also know as variational derivative approach) is first applied to construct a basis of conserved vectors for the system. The basis consists of two conserved vectors. By integrating the corresponding conservation laws across the jet and imposing the boundary conditions, conserved quantities are derived for the liquid jet and the free jet. The multiplier approach is then applied to construct a basis of conserved vectors for the third-order partial differential equation for the stream function. The basis consists of two local conserved vectors one of which is a non-local conserved vector for the system. The conserved quantities for the free jet and the wall jet are derived from the corresponding conservation laws and boundary conditions. The approach gives a unified treatment to the derivation of conserved quantities for jet flows and may lead to a new classification of jets through conserved vectors and their multipliers.     

Mathematical modelling of flow control in a tundish using electro-magnetic forces

The control of flow in a tundish is important for improving the quality of the steel. Dams, Wiers and Pouring chamber are some of the devices used for controlling the flow in the tundish. The investigation about the role of electromagnetic forces as a replacement for these devices is an objective for the present work. Thus, 3-D MHD simulation was performed to study the effect of electromagnetic forces on flow behaviour in the tundish. The MHD model developed for carrying out the simulation was validated with the analytical solution of the Hartman problem. The results obtained shows improvement in the desired characteristics for inclusion flotataion with magnetic flow modifier of optimum strength of magnetic field.