中心对称光折变材料中的小光强空间孤子

给出了小光强条件下中心对称光折变材料中光波演化方程的亮、暗及灰空间孤子解析解，并推导出了孤子宽度的显式表达式． 关键词： 光折变效应 光折变材料 空间孤子     

Manakov solitons in biased photorefractive polymer

The coupled equations for the incoherently coupled soliton pairs in biased photorefractive polymer are provided. It is shown that the coupled soliton equations reduce to Manakov equations when the total intensity of two coupled solitons is much lower than the background illumination. The bright-bright, dark-dark, and grey-grey soliton pair solutions of these Manakov equations are obtained, and the characteristics of these Manakov solitons are also discussed.     

非对称光折变全息空间光孤子的存在曲线

证明了在加外电场的光折变晶体中存在非对称全息空间光孤子对，其特征是孤子对中的两个 孤子具有相同的宽度、不同的振幅.给出了这种孤子对的存在曲线，其中存在三个具有不同 特征的区域：对于给定的外加电场来说，当孤子对中两个孤子的入射峰值强度之和与背景光 强度之比足够大或者足够小时，孤子宽度强烈依赖于这个比值，而在此中间的一段区域，孤 子宽度几乎不随这个比值而变化.非对称情况下这个中间区域的范围比对称情况的窄. 关键词： 空间光孤子 光折变非线性光学 全息光栅     

Grey spatial solitons due to two-photon photorefractive effect

This paper predicts that grey spatial solitons can exist in two-photon photorefractive materials. In steady state and under appropriate external bias conditions, it obtains the grey spatial soliton solutions of the optical wave evolution equation. The intensity profile, phase distribution,and transverse velocity of these grey solitons are discussed.     

Ce:BaTiO3晶体中两个深陷阱能级引起的光折变光栅暗衰减特性

对Ce:BaTiO3晶体中光折变光栅的暗衰减特性进行了实验研究，观测到了晶体禁带中的Fe离子和Ce离子两个深陷阱能级同时参与了光折变过程。在单深能级模型和浅－深能级模型的基础上，提出了简化的双深能级模型，并根据该模型定量地分析了Fe离子和Ce离子每个深陷阱能级在不同光栅波矢、不同光栅写入光强时对总空间电场以及光折变光栅的贡献。     

A vacuum exterior to Maitra’s cylindrical dust solution

Maitra’s shearing, rotating cylindrical dust solution is fitted to a vacuum exterior. There are no closed timelike curves in the interior or exterior.     

光折变晶体钛酸钡锶电荷传输参数的测量

报道用两波耦合技术测量光折变晶体钛酸钡锶(Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO-3,BST)的电荷传输参数φμτ在激光波长λ=515nm和光功率密度I—1W/cm~2下测得光折变响应时间为0.5sec.考虑到BST晶体吸收系数的光强相关性,修改了光栅形成率的函数变量,得到BST晶体的暗电导σ_a和电荷传输参数φμτ的拟合值分别为1.0×10~(-11)(Ωcm)~(-1)和2.8×10~(-10)cm~2/V.     

Anomalous behaviour of long-time increase in diffraction efficiency of photorefractive grating in Ce：BaTiO3 in dark

Anomalous long-time increase of the diffraction efficiency is observed in dark-decay experiments of photorefractive gratings in Ce：BaTiO3. It is deduced that a phase-conjugate beam is induced by the writing beam at acute angle to the ＋c axis of the crystal and it interferes with the other writing beam to form a second grating which is perpendicular to the first grating formed by the interference between two writing beams. The rising behaviour of the diffraction efficiency results from the different decay rates of these two photorefractive gratings. Furthermore, a simplified model of two gratings, both induced by two deep traps, is proposed to account for this phenomenon and the fitting results agree well with the experimental results.     

高斯光束在有外电场的双光子光伏光折变材料中的演化

为了得到一束高斯光束和两束高斯光束的相互作用在有外电场的双光子光伏光折变材料中的演化结果,将高斯光束作为入射波,采用数值方法求解波传播方程。研究结果表明:在外加电场、光强峰值分别与晶体参量匹配的情况下,一束高斯光束能演化为稳定的屏蔽光伏明孤子,而在不匹配时,一束高斯光束在传播过程中则呈现周期性压缩或膨胀现象。同时也发现:在作用距离范围内,同相位的两高斯光束相互吸引,并伴随有融合现象;而相位相反的两高斯光束相互排斥,且其排斥作用随着光束初始间距的减小而增加,当两高斯光束的相位差位于区间(0,π)和(-π,0)时,其相互作用过程中伴有能量的转移,两区间中能量转移方向相反。     

基于运动光栅光折变双光束耦合的刚性全息明孤子的动态演化

研究基于运动光栅双光束耦合的耗散光折变系统中的空间光孤子的动态演化问题.数值计算 表明，系统参数同这种孤子的稳定性密切相关.在某组系统参数下，孤子可以在晶体内稳定 传播足够远的距离.双光束耦合的相位与强度耦合系数之比越大，孤子的稳定性越好.讨论了 将这种系统应用于光学开关、中继及分路器件的可能性. 关键词： 空间光孤子 光折变非线性光学 耗散系统 全息光栅     

Conditional approach to thermo-superstatistics

A conditional approach is developed for establishing a generalized thermodynamic-like formalism for superstatistical systems. In this framework, the existence of two largely-separated time scales is explicitly taken into account. A generalization of Einstein’s relation for fluctuations is derived based on the restricted conditional maximum-entropy method.      

The photorefractive sensitivity and the effective electron transport length in two-centre holographic recording

In this paper the photorefractive sensitivity defined for single-centre holographic recording is modified to adapt two-centre holographic recording. Based on the time analytic solution of Kukhtarev equations for doubly doped crystals, the analytical expression of photorefractive sensitivity is given. For comparison with single-centre holographic recording and summing the electron competition effects between the deeper and shallower traps, an effective electron transport length is proposed, which varies with the intensity ratios of recording light to sensitive light. According to analyses in this paper, the lower photorefractive sensitivity in two-centre holographic recording is mainly due to the lower concentration of unionized dopants in the shallower centre and the lower effective electron transport length.     

用于相位恢复和滤波的光折变材料光学特性

采用后重氮偶合法,合成了一种新型含咔唑类聚磷腈有机光折变材料。采用氢谱核磁共振法,红外光谱法,紫外-可见吸收光谱法,热重法和差示扫描量热法对该聚合物进行表征和分析,结果表明,该聚合物具有良好的热稳定性,在230 ℃开始分解,450 ℃时基本分解完全。UV-Vis表明波长在360 nm与570 nm之间的宽的吸收带是由于共轭长度的增加产生的,因此可以调整参加偶合反应的重氮盐比例,来控制偶氮生色团功能组分的接入含量。在未使用外加电场及事先极化的条件下对聚合物进行了二波耦合与四波混频实验,证明了聚合物的光折变特性。得到聚合物P-2和P-3的二波耦合增益系数分别为38 cm-1和53.6 cm-1,聚合物P-2和P-3的四波混频衍射效率分别为2.7%和8.1%。     

用于相位恢复和滤波的光折变材料光学特性

采用后重氮偶合法,合成了一种新型含咔唑类聚磷腈有机光折变材料。采用氢谱核磁共振法,红外光谱法,紫外-可见吸收光谱法,热重法和差示扫描量热法对该聚合物进行表征和分析,结果表明,该聚合物具有良好的热稳定性,在230℃开始分解,450℃时基本分解完全。UV-Vis表明波长在360nm与570nm之间的宽的吸收带是由于共轭长度的增加产生的,因此可以调整参加偶合反应的重氮盐比例,来控制偶氮生色团功能组分的接入含量。在未使用外加电场及事先极化的条件下对聚合物进行了二波耦合与四波混频实验,证明了聚合物的光折变特性。得到聚合物P-2和P-3的二波耦合增益系数分别为38cm-1和53.6cm-1,聚合物P-2和P-3的四波混频衍射效率分别为2.7%和8.1%。     

稳态光折变空间孤子传输的量子理论

稳态光折变空间孤子系统可用奇异Lagrange量描述，系统含Dirac约束.通常按对应原理写 出孤子系统的量子对易关系和量子运动方程时，未计及约束.对稳态光折变空间光孤子约束 系统进行Dirac括号量子化，给出了系统的对易关系和量子场方程.在线性近似下给出量子 非线性薛定谔方程的微扰解，并讨论了孤子的压缩性质. 关键词： 量子场论 量子光学 光折变空间孤子 压缩效应     

New approach for numerical solution of configuration-space Faddeev equations

A new computational scheme for solving the bound state configuration-space Faddeev equations is applied. The scheme is based on the spline-approximation and the adiabatic limit of Faddeev equations. An ordering of variables being in agreement with the limit was chosen. As a result the matrix of the eigenvalue problem has a sparse block structure. Calculations of the bound states of µpp, µdd, µtt mesic molecules and ¯pdd, ¯ptt antiprotonic ones, were performed. To check the method, calculations of the binding energies for such systems as the positronium ion Ps_–,³H and³He were carried out. The results are compared with the best results of other authors.     

在金属与光折变晶体界面形成的表面波研究

应用质点振荡模型和数值模拟方法研究了在金属与光折变晶体界面形成表面波的条件及其能量变化. 结果表明: 传播常数的正负影响表面波的类型及波能量分布, 当传播常数取负值时在界面处形成非局域表面波, 取正值时在界面处形成振荡表面波和局域表面波, 局域表面波的能量随传播常数的变大而单调递增. 在一给定的物理系统中, 可通过调节决定非线性效应强度的可变参量控制不同阶数局域表面波模及其传播波形.     

主客体式光折变聚合物中空间明孤子的动态演化特性

研究了主客体式光折变聚合物中空间明孤子的动态演化特性,讨论了振幅微扰和宽度微扰对其传播特性的影响.结果表明,入射波为明孤子波时,能够在聚合物中稳定直线传播 在较小微扰情况下,孤子波经短距离传播后能够演化为明孤子波 当微扰比较大时,光波不能在聚合物中稳定传播,而是呈现周期性震荡现象 关键词： 光折变效应 光折变聚合物 空间孤子     

Oscillation dependence of two-wave mixing gain for unidirectional ring resonator in photorefractive materials

Dependence of the coupling strength of two-wave mixing gain in photorefractive materials for the single unidirectional ring resonator on oscillation conditions has been analyzed in the strong nonlinear regime. In this regime, difference between the frequency of the pump beam and oscillating beam is proportional to the cavity-length detuning, which can be explained in terms of the photorefractive phase-shift. This phase-shift results due to slightly non-degenerate two-wave mixing that compensates for cavity detuning and satisfies the round-trip phase condition for the steady-state oscillation. The presence of such a phase-shift allows the possibility of the nonreciprocal steady-state energy transfer between the pump and oscillating beams. If the gain due to the beam coupling is large enough to overcome the cavity losses then the signal beam is amplified in the presence of material absorption. Such amplification is responsible for the oscillations. For the single unidirectional ring resonator, the effects of cavity-length detuning, energy coupling coefficient, crystal thickness of the material, reflectivity of the cavity mirrors and material's absorption coefficient on the frequency and intensity of oscillations have also been studied in detail. It has been found that for the smaller value of absorption coefficient (α) of the photorefractive crystal, the unidirectional ring resonator can oscillate at almost any cavity-length detuning (ΔΓ) whereas for the larger value of α oscillation occurs only when the cavity-length detuning is limited to small region (around ΔΓ=0). But reverse of the case is found for energy coupling coefficient (γ₀).     

光折变聚合物PVK∶5CB∶C_(60)中生色团动态取向的研究

考虑到聚合物基体对生色团的取向的阻尼作用 ,以及外电场对生色团的极化作用 ,在已有的生色团气体取向模型基础上 ,建立了非气体取向模型 .并利用数值计算方法求解了这一非气体取向模型方程 .讨论了外加电场、温度对生色团取向的动态过程和稳态分布的影响 ,比较了两模型的计算结果 .采用椭圆偏振法 ,测量了光折变聚合物PVK∶5CB∶C60 中的生色团 5CB在聚合物基体PVK中动态取向过程 .给出了生色团的稳态和动态取向参量随外加电场和温度的变化关系 .理论与实验的比较 ,进一步证明了非气体取向模型的合理性