柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威

提出了测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威的柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法。水样经盐酸酸化至pH 3后,用0.45μm水性滤膜过滤,取200μL水样直接进样,用Waters Carbamate Analysis分析柱(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm)和以甲醇-乙腈-水(1+1+3)混合液作为流动相进行分离。分离后用2 g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液进行水解,用每升中含邻苯二甲醛0.1 g、十水硼酸钠19.1 g及2-巯基乙醇0.5 mL的溶液进行衍生化,用荧光检测器在激发波长(eλx)为339 nm,发射波长(eλm)为445 nm处检测。方法检出限(3S/N)均为4×10-4mg·L-1。应用此方法测定了水厂出厂水和河水中呋喃丹和甲萘威,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得其平均回收率依次为93.0%~98.0%之间和93.0%~99.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于0.50%。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法同时测定蔬果中5种植物生长素残留

采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法同时测定蔬菜、水果中的吲哚-3-乙酸、吲哚-3-丙酸、吲哚-3-丁酸、2-萘氧乙酸、1-萘乙酸等5种植物生长素残留。取蔬菜或水果样品的可食部分,切碎并充分混匀,称取10.000g,加入20mL含0.2%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈,高速匀浆2min,加入4g无水硫酸镁、1g氯化钠,涡旋5min后,以8 000r·min~(-1)转速离心5min,取10.0mL上清液蒸发至近干,用5mL含0.2%(体积分数)甲酸的二氯甲烷-乙腈(9+1)混合液复溶,溶液以1mL·min~(-1)流量通过氨基固相萃取小柱。收集流出液,在溶剂蒸发工作站上浓缩至近干,用甲醇溶解残渣并定容至1.0 mL,溶液经0.45μm滤膜过滤后,进行高效液相色谱分析。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)为固定相,用0.1%(体积分数)乙酸溶液与甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在激发波长287nm,发射波长337nm处进行荧光检测。结果表明:5种植物生长素的质量浓度均在0.050～5.0mg·L~(-1)内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.93～2.0μg·kg~(-1)之间。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在72.4%～114%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)低于4.6%。     

离子色谱法测定水果和蔬菜中3-吲哚乙酸和3-吲哚丁酸的含量

水果或蔬菜样品(5.00g)采用含10%(体积分数)乙腈的35mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液45mL超声提取,萃取液经固相萃取C18小柱净化后,选用AS11分离柱(4mm×250mm)进行色谱分离,用与上文中相同的乙腈-氢氧化钠混合液为流动相。用紫外检测器测定。3-吲哚乙酸和3-吲哚丁酸的质量浓度均在0.05~10g·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,两者的检出限(3S/N)依次为0.009,0.012g·L~(-1)。对10g·L~(-1)的3-吲哚乙酸和3-吲哚丁酸的混合标准溶液连续测定6次,峰面积的相对标准偏差依次为0.14%,1.4%。在0.50,2.0,10g·L~(-1)等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在77.1%~104%之间。     

新型前处理技术结合超高效液相色谱法测定吸烟者尿液中的苯并[a]芘及3-羟基苯并[a]芘的含量

以索氏提取装置为基础,结合基质固相分散萃取和柱层析的实践,自行设计并制成了集萃取、净化与浓缩于一体的新型样品前处理装置,用于超高效液相色谱法测定吸烟者尿液中苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)和3-羟基苯并[a]芘(3-OHB[a]P)含量时的样品前处理。采集尿样50mL,加入乙酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 5.0)0.5g,β-葡糖苷酸-芳基硫酸酯酶0.1mL,于38℃振荡水解5.0h。从中分取试液20.00mL,浓缩至近干,并分散于2.0g硅胶中。将此分散体烘干后,按规程移入于上述前处理装置中。用60mL环己烷-乙醇(98+2)混合液于90℃水浴加热回流提取45min。继续加热蒸发溶液至近干,用1 mL乙腈溶解残留,并过滤后供超高效液相色谱分析。色谱分析中用ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱为固定相,以乙腈-水(68+32)混合液为流动相进行洗脱。出峰时间在0~6.5min时用λex365nm和λem450nm,荧光检测3-OHB[a]P,在6.5~12.0min时用λex384nm和λem406nm,荧光检测B[a]P,两者的质量浓度依次在4.0~200μg·L~(-1)和10~250μg·L~(-1)内与相应的峰面积呈线性关系。检出限(3S/N)依次为0.65,3.6μg·L~(-1)。加标回收率分别在86.8%~92.8%和91.2%~95.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于4.0%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定生鲜乳中三聚氰胺的含量

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定生鲜乳中三聚氰胺残留量。样品经乙腈溶液超声提取,过Waters Oasis MCX固相萃取小柱净化,50℃氮气吹干,再用1.0mL乙腈溶解后供高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。以Waters Hilic色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)为固定相,用乙腈-5mmol·L-1乙酸铵(95+5)溶液洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式多反应监测,内标法定量。三聚氰胺的质量浓度在10.0μg·L-1以内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg·kg-1。取空白样品在3个标准加入水平下进行回收和精密度试验,回收率在99.8%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在1.9%~3.2%之间。     

离子色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的高氯酸盐

采用离子色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的高氯酸盐。将2.00g样品溶解在10mL水中,加入乙腈10mL,振荡离心去除样品中的蛋白质,上清液用10mL乙腈饱和的正己烷溶液去除样品中的脂类物质。净化液采用Dionex IonPac AS 20色谱柱分离,以60mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钾溶液洗脱。质谱中采用电喷雾离子源和多反应监测模式,以NaCl 18O4作为同位素内标物质定量。高氯酸盐质量浓度的线性范围为0.1~100μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.3μg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为1.0μg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在92.1%~97.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于10%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中农药及其代谢物的含量北大核心CSCD

提出了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鸡蛋中多种农药及其代谢物含量的方法。将2.0 g鸡蛋样品用10 mL乙腈低温超声提取10 min,加入2.0 g无水硫酸钠和1.0 g氯化钠后离心。取2 mL上清液用QuEChERS吸附剂(25 mg C_(18))净化,取1.0 mL净化液过Oasis^(®)PRiME HLB固相萃取小柱,收集流出液,用10%(体积分数)乙腈溶液稀释至2.0 mL。所得溶液采用Waters Acquity UPLC^(®)BEH C_(18)色谱柱分离,用不同体积比的乙腈和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析采用电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)模式和多反应监测(MRM)模式,以特征离子和保留时间定性,标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明:农药及其代谢物标准曲线的线性范围均为0.5~20.0μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.0381~0.893μg·kg^(-1)。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为74.0%~128%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.54%~10%。     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法测定血液中唑吡坦和扎莱普隆的含量

血液样品0.50mL,加pH 10的乙酸铵缓冲溶液0.3mL,混匀后采用介质液液萃取柱净化,用二氯甲烷8mL洗脱。洗脱液经处理后进行色谱分离。以Kinetex C18色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的含5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。唑吡坦、扎莱普隆的质量浓度分别在0.20~10.00μg·L~(-1),1.00~50.00μg·L~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,0.10μg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在85.0%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.5%~8.5%之间。     

双柱双进样气相色谱法测定花椰菜中的5种有机磷农药残留北大核心CSCD

取经粉碎及预处理的样品25g,加乙腈50mL超声提取10min,滤入盛有5g氯化钠的量筒中,振荡1min并静置待两相分层。移取乙腈相20mL,于70℃水浴中吹氮至近干,加入丙酮溶解残渣并定容为5.0mL,供气相色谱分析。采用(色谱柱1)DB-17毛细管柱(脉冲不分流进样,进样量5μL)进行分离和初筛,发现疑似阳性样品,再用(色谱柱2)HP-5毛细管柱(不分流进样,进样量为1μL)进行分离和佐证。采用FPD^+检测器,外标法定量。灭线磷、甲拌磷、甲拌磷砜、甲拌磷亚砜及三唑磷的线性范围均为0.02~0.20mg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)为1.0~3.0μg·kg^(-1)(色谱柱1)和1.5~2.0μg·kg^(-1)(色谱柱2);加标回收率分别为79.6%~119%和76.2%~116%;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)分别为2.8%~8.8%和2.7%~8.4%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定甘蔗中10种除草剂的残留量

甘蔗样品(2.00g)用乙腈10.0mL匀质提取,提取液经QuEchERS方法净化。所得净化液进行液相分离,以Hypersil Gold色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的10mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液和乙腈的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源选择反应监测模式检测。10种除草剂的质量浓度均在10~1 000μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在2~10μg·kg~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在82.3%~120%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.9%~8.2%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.