Synthesis and native defectivity of Zn1−x V x O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) photocatalysts

Nanodisperse solid solutions Zn_1?x V _x O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) with high numbers of defects in an oxygen sublattice are synthesized via the precursor technique. ESR analysis reveals that V _O ⁺ oxygen vacancies are the main defects of the oxygen sublattice in the Zn_1?x V _x O structure. The Zn_1?x V _x O (0 < x ≤ 0.15) solid solutions exhibit high photocatalytic activity during hydroquinone oxidation in water upon irradiation with UV and visible light.     

Separation of magnetic phases in La1 − x CaxMnO3 manganites with 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.9

The magnetic properties of La_{1 ? x} Ca_xMnO₃ solid solutions were studied in wide temperature and magnetic field ranges, T = 2–600 K and H ≤ 50 kOe. Semiconducting compositions with 0.6 < × < 0.9 exhibited an unusual temperature behavior of magnetization and susceptibility with well-defined Curie and Néel temperatures. The simultaneous manifestation of both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties is evidence of the coexistence of two collinear magnetic phases. The content of impurity ions was shown to have a strong influence on the T _C and T _N values, whereas the ratio between the ferro-and antiferromagnetic phase volumes heavily depended on thermal treatment conditions. The magnetic properties of the whole series of La_{1 ? x} Ca_xMnO₃ solid solutions can be explained in terms of the phase separation model.     

Structural deformations in metastable cubic compounds Ni(1 − x)Zn x O (0.60 ≤ x ≤ 0.99)

X-ray diffraction has been used for studying the fine crystal structure of metastable cubic oxide compounds Ni_{(1 ? x)}Zn _x O (0.60 ≤ x ≤ 0.99) obtained from the initial hexagonal phase by quenching of the samples at a high temperature and under external hydrostatic pressure. It has been found that the diffraction patterns of these compounds include a system of diffuse superstructure maxima, whose number and intensity essentially depend on the composition. The origin of this superstructure has been discussed.     

Fine structure and magnetism of bulk Zn1 − x Cr x Se single-crystal cubic compounds (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.045)

The character of structural and magnetic features of the cubic lattice of bulk Zn_{1 ? x} Cr _x Se crystals (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.045) has been investigated using thermal neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements. It has been found that the diffraction scans of doped crystals contain effects of nuclear diffuse scattering caused by local static atomic displacements in the face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice. Results of magnetic measurements of doped crystals indicate the presence of weak antiferromagnetic correlations, which are a consequence of structural features of these compounds.     

High-field magnetostriction in CeNiSn1−xGex (0≤x≤1) strongly correlated systems

Magnetization (down to 1.8 K and up to 9 T) and magnetostriction (down to 4.2 K and up to 30 T) measurements have been performed in the series of polycrystalline intermetallics CeNiSn_1?xGe_x (0≤x≤1), which show a crossover from Kondo-lattice to fluctuating valence behaviors with x increase. Magnetostriction observed can be denominated as “colossal” for a paramagnet (up to 0.68% at 150 K and 30 T), with no sign of saturation. Field, H, induced metamagnetic transitions associated to a change in Ce valence are observed. Three kinds of analysis of magnetostriction have been performed to ascertain the magnetostriction origin. At relatively low field and low temperatures these systems follow well the standard theory of magnetostriction (STM), revealing single-ion crystal field and exchange origins, and a determination of the α-symmetry microscopic magnetoelastic parameters have been performed. The valence transition is well explained in terms of the interconfigurational model, which needs an extension up to power H⁴. Application of the scaling (thermodynamics corresponding low states) allows the obtainment of the Grüneisen constant, which increases with x. Needed elastic constants measurements are also reported.     

Phase stratification in the Nd1 − x BaxCoO3 − δ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.54) system

Slowly cooled Nd_{1 ? x} Ba_xCoO_{3 ? δ} samples were two-phase in the concentration interval 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.46. One of the phases had O-orthorhombic lattice distortions (Pbnm) characteristic of ferromagnetic samples with x ≤ 0.3, and the other phase had tetragonal distortions (P4/mmm) characteristic of samples with x ≥ 0.46. Tetragonal distortions were caused by ordering of Nd³⁺ and Ba²⁺ ions. Samples with ordered neodymium and barium ions (Nd_{1 ? y} Ba_{1 + y} Co₂O_{6 ? γ} at ?0.08 ≤ y ≤ 0.08) experienced metal-dielectric and orientation magnetic phase transitions.     

The influence of praseodymium concentration on the luminescence properties of Ca1 ? x Pr x F2 + x (0.002 ≤ x ≤0.35)

The possibility of implementing photon cascade emission in CaF₂-PrF₃ crystals by increasing the PrF₃ concentration in the CaF₂ matrix is studied. It is shown that an increase in the Pr³⁺ content leads to redistribution of radiative transitions in favor of the ¹ S ₀-luminescence. The decrease in the efficiency of the second step of photon cascade emission at high PrF₃ concentrations is caused by quenching of the ³ P ₀ ?? 4f ² transitions as a result of cross relaxation.     

Ellipsometry study of interband transitions in TlGaS2xSe2(1−x) mixed crystals (0≤x≤1)

In this paper, the spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements on TlGaS_2xSe_2(1?x) mixed crystals (0≤x≤1) were carried out on the layer-plane (001) surfaces with light polarization E⊥c^? in the 1.2–6.2 eV spectral range at room temperature. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, refractive index and extinction coefficient were calculated from ellipsometric data using the ambient-substrate optical model. The critical point energies in the above-band gap energy range have been obtained from the second derivative spectra of the dielectric function. Particularly for TlGaSe₂ crystals, the determined critical point energies were assigned tentatively to interband transitions using the available electronic energy band structure. The effect of the isomorphic anion substitution (sulfur for selenium) on critical point energies in TlGaS_2xSe_2(1?x) mixed crystals was established.     

Structure and superconductivity studies on (Y1-xLa x )Ba2Cu3O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)

Studies on (Y_{1 - x}La _X )Ba₂Cu₃O₇, x = 0.0 - 1.0, in steps of 0.1, have been carried out. Results show that for x ≤ 0.4, orthorhombicity and high T_c of 90 K are retained. T_c decreases gradually for x ≥ 0.4. Pure LaBa₂Cu₃O₇ shows a T_C ^ZERO of 73 K. XRD data do not reveal any clearcut orthorhombic distortion for pure LaBa₂CuO₇ after annealing at 350°C for 4 days.     

An anomaly in the magnetic susceptibility of the Mg1−x CuxO solid solutions with 0.01≤x≤0.20

The problem of localized superconductivity has motivated the preparation of Mg_1−x Cu_xO solid solutions with NaCl structure and 0.01≤x≤0.20, as well as a study of the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility χ in the 2–400 K temperature range and in magnetic fields of up to 5 T. The temperature dependence of χ is described for all compositions by the Curie-Weiss law, χ = C/(T − θ), where the constant C is close to the value calculated for each composition for μ_eff = 1.7–1.9μ_B, and θ is close to zero. For T < 30 K, χ(T) deviates for all compositions toward lower χ, which can be attributed to magnetic ordering of exchange-coupled clusters in the solid solution. At T∼320–330 K, an anomaly of a diamagnetic type, i.e., a decrease of χ by 6–30% of its paramagnetic value, has been observed for all compositions against the background of the generally paramagnetic χ(T). A discussion is presented of alternative reasons for this anomaly and of its possible connection with localized superconductivity. __________ Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 42, No. 4, 2000, pp. 701–703. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2000 by Samokhvalov, Arbuzova, Viglin, Naumov, Smolyak, Korolev, Lobachevskaya.     

Pr1—xKxMnO3（0.0≤x≤0.15）的化学键性质研究

采用半经验的复杂晶体化学键理论研究了ｒ１－ｘＫｘＭｎＯ３的化学键性质。计算结果表明，Ｐｒ－Ｏ键及Ｋ－Ｏ的共价性随钾掺杂浓度的增加而略有减小，Ｍｎ－Ｏ的共价性则增加，且Ｍｎ－Ｏ的共价性要强于Ｐｒ（Ｋ）－Ｏ键，得到的键极化率也服从同样的规律。     

Superconductivity,crystallization, and structural relaxation of the new metallic glass system La1−x Si x (0.15≤x≤0.27)

New metallic glass alloys have been prepared by melt spinning of La–Si samples in a pumped system. The superconducting transition temperature,T _c , increases linearly with the La concentration, from 3.00 K at 73 at. % La to 3.80 K at 85 at. %. Three new metastable phases: -, -, and -La₃Si, were formed by annealing and crystallizing amorphous La₃Si. Their crystal structures are orthorhombic (a=6.32 Å,b=8.06 Å,c=9.96 Å), hcp (a=10.55 Å,c=5.05 Å), and tetragonal (a=6.92 Å,c=5.05 Å) resp.T _c increased to 3.75 K, 6.00 K and 6.80 K, resp. During low temperature anneals of an amorphous La₃Si alloy,T _c changed logarithmically with time.On leave from Institute of Physics, Academica Sinica, Beijing, China     

固溶体半导体ZnS1-xTex(0≤x≤1)多晶薄膜的制备及特性研究

ZnS1-xTex是制作短波长光波段光电子器件和紫外探测器的理想材料。本文介绍了ZnS1-xTex多晶薄膜的真空蒸镀制备情况，并用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、能量色散谱仪、紫外．可见分光光度计、荧光光谱分析仪等对制备的多晶薄膜的性质进行了测试和分析，发现该多晶薄膜保持了单晶薄膜的紫外吸收、光致发光等良好特性。     

Zn1−x Mg x O (0≤x≤0.05) nanowalls grown on catalyst-free sapphire substrates by high-pressure PLD and their photoluminescence properties

We report the growth of Zn_1?x Mg _x O (x=0, 0.02, 0.05 at.%) nanowalls on sapphire substrates without any metal catalysts by a high-pressure pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The influences of the experimental parameters like growth pressure, temperature, and target-substrate distance on the growth of Zn_1?x Mg _x O nanowalls were systemically studied and the growth mechanism was discussed. It was found that large area and uniform Zn_1?x Mg _x O nanowalls with c-orientation can be grown on sapphire substrates when the growth temperature and pressure were 950 °C and 400 Torr at a target-substrate distance of 2 cm. A thin layer assisted vapor-solid (VS) process was proposed for Zn_1?x Mg _x O nanowalls growth. The photoluminescence spectrum shows the bandgap of Zn_1?x Mg _x O nanowall was effectively expanded together with defect-related levels formation in a forbidden gap, which also induced enhancement of visible emission.     

赝二元固溶体TbGa1-xGex(0≤x≤0.4)的结构与磁性

采用电弧熔炼法在高纯氩气保护下合成了一系列TbGa1-xGex(0≤x≤0.4)样品.X射线粉末衍射数据表明,样品均为正交晶系的CrB型结构,空间群为Cmcm.TbGa1-xGex化合物的晶格常数随Ge含量的增加而线性减小,TbGa和TbGe赝二元系在0≤x≤0.4范围内形成固溶体.化合物的顺磁居里温度以及有效磁矩由热磁测量结果确定.相变温度由交流磁化率的测量获得.随Ge含量的增加,化合物的相变温度单调下降.变温X射线粉末衍射实验表明,x=0.2和0.3的样品在110-273 K范围内无结构相变.     

Features of magnetic properties of La x MnO3 + δ (0.815 ≤ x ≤ 1.0)

Magnetic and resonance studies of the system of polycrystalline samples of self-doped manganites La _x MnO_{3 + δ} (x = 0.815, 0.90, 0.94, 0.97, and 1.0) have been performed in a temperature range of 77–300 K. According to ⁵⁵Mn NMR data, all samples contain a ferromagnetic phase at 77 K. As the defect density increases (x changes from 1.0 to 0.815), samples become more magnetically ordered. In this case, the ferromagnetic state of the system gradually changes from a mixed state in which both ferromagnetic insulating (basic) and ferromagnetic metal (for x = 0.97 and 1.0) phases coexist to only the ferromagnetic metal state (for x = 0.815 and 0.90). It has been shown that both ferromagnetic metal and ferromagnetic insulating phases are inhomogeneous, and either phase consists of two phases with different dynamics of nuclear spins and different Curie temperatures. The diagram of the magnetic phase state of the La _x MnO_{3 + δ} system (x = 0.815, 0.90, 0.94, 0.97, 1.0) has been constructed for a temperature range of 120–240 K and Mn⁴⁺ contents of 12–30%.     

Effect of Nd on the Superconductivity of Nd1+x Ba2-x Cu3O y with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.35

The effect of Nd substitution at the Ba sites has been studied in Nd_1+x Ba_2-x Cu₃O _y system for 0.1 x 0.35. Orthorhombic to tetragonal structural phase transition occurs at about x = 0.17. With the increase of Nd, the T _c value decreases and T increases, where T is the difference between the onset and critical temperatures and indicates the sharpness of the transition. These changes are explained by ac-susceptibility measurements on Nd_1.1Ba_1.9Cu₃O_7.12 at 0.10 Oe. The susceptibility curves show the presence of about four phases, which are not detectable by X-ray diffraction technique.     

K-doping effect of the superconductivity in K2xFeTe1-xSx (0.07≤x≤0.3)

Bulk samples of K doping K_2xFeTe_1-xS_x with x = 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 are successfully prepared by using easy-to-use stable compound K₂S as the reactant. The lattice constant calculated from X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that K ions enter the Fe-Te-S layers. K doping is beneficial enhance the superconductivity transition temperature from the R-T curves. The apparent diamagnetic signal is observed in M-T curves when the content of K is smaller than 0.1. However, differential curves (dM/dT) in K-rich samples appear sharp slope mutations, which means that the Meissner effect signal is covered by the increased excess ferromagnetic ions. The number of excess Fe magnetic ions is proportional to K content, which may play an important role in determining the superconductivity.     

Electronic States near the Fermi Level in the Antiferromagnetic and Ferromagnetic Spinels of Zn 1− x Cu x Cr 2 Se 4 ; 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0

The electronic states of normal-type spinels in Zn 1 m x Cu x Cr 2 Se 4 have been studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy near the K-edge of Zn, Cu, Cr and Se ions. It is found that characteristic white lines occur near the X-ray absorption threshold for Zn and Se ions, but not for Cu and Cr ions. It is also found that the white lines show a slight energy shift, which depends on the Cu concentration. The energy shifts mean that Fermi level gradually approaches the top region of the valence band of Se 2 m , on increasing the Cu ions. The substitution of Zn 2+ with Cu 1+ ions increases the number of positive carriers, holes. The holes occupying the top region of the valence band strongly correlate with Cr 4+ , which forms an empty orbital in the 3d-band of Cr 3+ and exchanges the valence electrons with Cr 3+ . It is interpreted that the ferromagnetism in Zn 1 m x Cu x Cr 2 Se 4 is made by double-exchange interaction between Cr 3+ and Cr 4+ ions and that holes contribute to the electronic conductivity of Zn 1 m x Cu x Cr 2 Se 4 .