On the construction of stable and unstable manifolds of two-dimensional invertible maps

An equation is proposed for describing stable and unstable manifolds for a wide class of two-dimensional invertible maps. Several branches of the stable and unstable manifolds of the dissipative mapx _n+1 =1–a|x _n |+bz _n ,z _n+1 =x _n are constructed explicitly. The limiting case when the strange attractor disappears is discussed.     

On the fixed points for circle maps

Renormalization group transformations have been developed to study the critical behavior of circle maps. When the winding number equals the golden mean, the fixed point functions must satisfy two functional equations. However, it turns out that one of these equations already determines the fixed point solutions. It is shown that under certain conditions the second functional equation is automatically satisfied.     

A bound for the existence of invariant circles in a class of two-dimensional dissipative maps

By generalizing results due to Mather we obtain an upper bound for the existence of smooth invariant circles in a class of dissipative two-dimensional maps. In particular the map $\text{x}{}_{\mathrm{n+1}}\text{= x}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{+ Ω + by}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{? (k/2π)sin 2πx}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{, y}{}_{\mathrm{n+1}}\text{= by}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{? (k/2π) X sin 2πx}{}_{\mathrm{n}}$ can have no smooth invariant circle for |k| > 2(1 + b)/(2 + b).     

On the invariant measures for the two-dimensional euler flow

It is proven that the canonical Gibbs measure associated with a gas of vortices of intensity ± converges, in the limitN, 0,Nconst, to a Gaussian measure, which is invariant for the two-dimensional Euler equation.On leave from Dipartimento di Matematica Università di Roma Tor Vergata Roma, Italy.On leave from Dipartimento di Matematica Università di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.     

On the singularity structure of invariant curves of symplectic mappings

We study invariant curves in standard-like maps conjugate to rigid rotation with complex frequencies. The main goal is to study the analyticity domain of the functions defined perturbatively by Lindstedt perturbation expansions. We argue, based on infinite-dimensional bifurcation theory that the boundary of analyticity should typically consist of branch points of order two and we verify it in some examples using nonperturbative numerical methods. We show that this nature of the singularities of the analyticity domain can explain previously reported numerical results and also suggests other numerical methods. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.     

On the invariant sets of a family of quadratic maps

The Julia setB for the mappingz (z–)² is considered, where is a complex parameter. For 2 a new upper bound for the Hausdorff dimension is given, and the monic polynomials orthogonal with respect to the equilibrium measure onB are introduced. A method for calculating all of the polynomials is provided, and certain identities which obtain among coefficients of the three-term recurrence relations are given. A unifying theme is the relationship betweenB and -chains ± (± (± ...), which is explored for –1/42 and for with ||1/4, with the aid of the Böttcher equation. ThenB is shown to be a Hölder continuous curve for ||<1/4.Supported by NSF Grant MCS-8104862Supported by NSF Grant MCS-8002731     

On the identification of finite operator algebras in two-dimensional conformally invariant field theories

We investigate the structure of the linear differential operators whose solutions determine the four-point correlations of primary operators in the d = 2 conformally invariant SU(2) α-model with Wess-Sumino term and the d = 2 critical statistical systems with central Virasoro charge smaller than one. Factorisation properties of the differential operators are related to a finite closure of the operator algebras. We recover the selection and fusion rules of Fateev, Zamolodchikov and Gepner, Witten for the SU(2) α-model. It is outlined how the results of the SU(2) model can be used for the identification of closed operator algebras in the statistical model.     

Fractal properties of critical invariant curves

We examine the dimension of the invariant measure for some singular circle homeomorphisms for a variety of rotation numbers, through both the thermodynamic formalism and numerical computation. The maps we consider include those induced by the action of the standard map on an invariant curve at the critical parameter value beyond which the curve is destroyed. Our results indicate that the dimension is universal for a given type of singularity and rotation number, and that among all rotation numbers, the golden mean produces the largest dimension.     

Computing the invariant density of bistable noisy maps

A numerical method is presented allowing the computation of the invariant density of a time-discrete bi- or multistable map perturbed by weak noise. It permits the examination of noise-induced transitions between different stable states in the limit of weak but not amplitude-limited noise. The method is tested by comparing the results with computer experiments. For this purpose a new one-parameter family of bistable maps is introduced. It turns out that the numerics are in good agreement with the experiments. The results suggest the conjecture that in the limit of weak but transition-inducing noise the probability of being in one basin of attraction approaches one. A simple example which can be solved in closed form and which illustrates these findings is discussed.     

On the existence of fixed points of the composition operator for circle maps

In the theory of circle maps with golden ratio rotation number formulated by Feigenbaum, Kadanoff, and Shenker [FKS], and by Ostlund, Rand, Sethna, and Siggia [ORSS], a central role is played by fixed points of a certain composition operator in map space. We define a common setting for the problem of proving the existence of these fixed points and of those occurring in the theory of maps of the interval. We give a proof of the existence of the fixed points for a wide range of the parameters on which they depend.     

Dimensions of invariant sets of expanding maps

We consider a compact invariant set of an expanding map of a manifoldM and give upper and lowerbounds for the Hausdorff Dimension dim _H (), and box dimensionsdim _B () and dim _B (). These bounds are given in terms of the topological entropy, topological pressure, and uniform Lyapunov exponents of the map.A measure-theoretic version of these results is also included.Part of this work was done when I was in the Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona.     

On the minimal number of critical points of smooth maps between closed manifolds

New information concerning the minimal number of critical points of smooth proper mappings between closed connected surfaces (possibly with boundary) without critical points on the boundary is presented.     

Intersection properties of invariant manifolds in certain twist maps

We consider the spaceN ofC ² twist maps that satisfy the following requirements. The action is the sum of a purely quadratic term and a periodic potential times a constantk (hereafter called the nonlinearity). The potential restricted to the unit circle is bimodal, i.e. has one local minimum and one local maximum. The following statements are proven for maps inN with nonlinearityk large enough. The intersection of the unstable and stable invariant manifolds to the hyperbolic minimizing periodic points contains minimizing homoclinic points. Consider two finite pieces of these manifolds that connect two adjacent homoclinic minimizing points (hereafter called fundamental domains). We prove that all such fundamental domains have precisely one point in their intersection (the Single Intersection theorem). In addition, we show that limit points of minimizing points are recurrent, which implies that Aubry Mather sets (with irrational rotation number) are contained in diamonds formed by local stable and unstable manifolds of nearby minimizing periodic orbits (the Diamond Configuration theorem). Another corollary concerns the intersection of the minimax orbits with certain symmetry lines of the map.     

声子晶体中的半狄拉克点研究

在本文中, 构建了一种易于实现的二维声子晶体: 截面为正方形的铁柱以三角晶格形式排列在水中. 研究发现, 在此声子晶体的布里渊区中心Γ点有半狄拉克点出现: 其带结构沿ΓY方向是线性的, 但沿着ΓX方向却是二次型的. 若散射体绕中心轴旋转角度θ = 45°, 则半狄拉克点的二次型带结构则会转至ΓY方向, 与ΓX相互垂直. 接着, 本文采用k· p 微扰法系统研究了在不同旋转角θ 值下, 简并点附近的带结构特点, 并在此基础上分析了半狄拉克点的出现原因. 在半狄拉克点附近, 以布洛赫简并态为基矢, 文中构造了一个有效哈密顿量, 根据它能准确计算贝利相位, 并发现其值为零. 此外, 通过有限元仿真, 还研究了在半狄拉克点频率附近声波沿着不同方向穿过该声子晶体的透射现象. 本文可以为经典体系中半狄拉克点色散关系的起源、有关传播性质的研究以及其在声子晶体的应用提供理论参考.     

Polynomial invariant measures for maps on the unit interval

A class of polynomial solutions is found for a functional equation which certain invariant measures must satisfy. These solutions exist only for specific values of the parameter of the triangular map on the unit interval. Using this fact, a method is proposed for approximating the invariant measures for the standard quadratic map.     

Finding finite-time invariant manifolds in two-dimensional velocity fields

For two-dimensional velocity fields defined on finite time intervals, we derive an analytic condition that can be used to determine numerically the location of uniformly hyperbolic trajectories. The conditions of our main theorem will be satisfied for typical velocity fields in fluid dynamics where the deformation rate of coherent structures is slower than individual particle speeds. We also propose and test a simple numerical algorithm that isolates uniformly finite-time hyperbolic sets in such velocity fields. Uniformly hyperbolic sets serve as the key building blocks of Lagrangian mixing geometry in applications. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.     

Operators in a translation invariant two-dimensional bag model

Operator matrix elements are studied in a translation invariant version of the bag model in two-dimensional space time. In particular we calculate the matrix elements of quark fields Q(x), currents J_μ(x), and bilocal currents Q(x)γ_μλ^aQ(0) whose Taylor expansion yields the twist two operators of leptoproduction. The structure functions of this model are related to those of a naive cavity approximation by a particularly simple transformation.     

Harmonic measure and winding of conformally invariant curves

The exact joint multifractal distribution for the scaling and winding of the electrostatic potential lines near any conformally invariant scaling curve is derived in two dimensions. Its spectrum f(alpha,lambda) gives the Hausdorff dimension of the points where the potential scales with distance r as H approximately r(alpha) while the curve logarithmically spirals with a rotation angle phi=lambdalnr. It obeys the scaling law f(alpha,lambda)=(1+lambda(2))f(alpha)-blambda(2) with alpha=alpha/(1+lambda(2)) and b=(25-c)/12, and where f(alpha) identical with f(alpha,0) is the pure harmonic measure spectrum, and c the conformal central charge. The results apply to O(N) and Potts models, as well as to stochastic L?wner evolution.     

Subexponential instability in one-dimensional maps implies infinite invariant measure

We characterize dynamical instability of weak chaos as subexponential instability. We show that a one-dimensional, conservative, ergodic measure preserving map with subexponential instability has an infinite invariant measure, and then we present a generalized Lyapunov exponent to characterize subexponential instability.     

Changes in the dynamics of two-dimensional maps by external forcing

We investigate changes in periodicity, and even its suppression, by external periodic forcing in different two-dimensional maps, namely the Hénon map and the sine square map. By varying the amplitude of a periodic forcing with a fixed angular frequency, we show through numerical simulations in parameter-spaces that changes in periodicity may take place. We also show that windows of periodicity embedded in a chaotic region may be totally suppressed.