手性螺环配体的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用研究进展

手性螺环配体的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用是不对称合成和催化研究中重要的研究领域之一, 一些手性螺环配体被合成出来并成功地应用于不对称催化反应中. 综述了近十年来手性螺环配体的合成及在不对称催化反应中的应用研究进展.     

手性膦配体合成及其在不对称催化中的应用*

本文较为详细地综述了手性膦配体的合成进展, 并介绍了其在不对称氢化反应、不对称氢甲酰化反应及不对称氢酯基化反应中的应用。     

Combinatorial Approach to Chiral Tris‐ligated Carbophilic Platinum Complexes: Application to Asymmetric Catalysis

A straightforward methodology for the synthesis of libraries of chiral tris‐ligated cationic platinum complexes and their in situ evaluation as asymmetric carbophilic catalysts in a model domino hydroarylation/cyclization reaction of a 1,6‐enyne was developed. A catalyst‐generation process based on a combination of a monodentate and a bidentate phosphorus ligand allowed the formation of 108 chiral complexes. One‐pot screening of the stereoinduction obtained with this library in a test domino addition/cyclization reaction validated this approach and stressed the key role played by the monodentate ligand partner in obtaining high enantioselectivities. In the case of two challenging substrate/nucleophile combinations, the combinatorial approach resulted in a significant gain in enantioselectivity.     

Pd‐Catalyzed Enantiodivergent and Regiospecific phospha‐Michael Addition of Diphenylphosphine to 4‐oxo‐Enamides: Efficient Access to Chiral Phosphinocarboxamides and Their Analogues

The palladacycle‐catalyzed asymmetric P?H addition of 4‐oxo‐enamides has been developed, which provides efficient access to phosphinocarboxamides and their analogues. Solvent‐mediated reversal of stereoselectivity (ee from +96 % to ?92 %) was observed, and the underlying mechanism that allows facile access to both enantiomers of the product by judicious choice of solvents is revealed.     

Chiral Ligands Derived from Monoterpenes: Application in the Synthesis of Optically Pure Secondary Alcohols via Asymmetric Catalysis

The preparation of optically pure secondary alcohols in the presence of catalysts based on chiral ligands derived from monoterpenes, such as pinenes, limonenes and carenes, is reviewed. A wide variety of these ligands has been synthesized and used in several catalytic reactions, including hydrogen transfer, C?C bond formation via addition of organozinc compounds to aldehydes, hydrosilylation, and oxazaborolidine reduction, leading to high activities and enantioselectivities.     

不对称合成中手性磷配体催化剂的研究进展 (Ⅱ) (续完)

评述了作为配体催化剂的手性三配位及四配位磷化合物的合成及其在某些不对称合成反应中的应用     

手性磷-烯配体在不对称催化领域的研究进展

手性磷-烯配体在不对称催化反应中的应用近年来受到化学家们的关注,已经成为一个热门的研究领域.磷-烯配体作为一类新兴杂化烯烃配体,将具有强配位能力的磷原子与配位方式特殊但配位能力相对较弱的碳-碳双键结合在一起,兼具了部分手性膦配体和手性双烯配体的优点,在一些过渡金属如铑、钯、铱等催化的不对称反应中表现出独特的催化性能,不但能高效催化反应,而且能取得优异的对映选择性.本文综述了自2004年首例磷-烯配体的合成及应用报道以来该领域的研究进展,对过去十几年中发展的各种手性磷-烯配体的结构特征、合成方法以及它们在不同催化不对称反应中的应用进行了分类概括,期望为未来进一步拓展手性烯烃配体的类型和应用提供思考和方向.     

碳水化合物含磷配体在不对称催化中的应用*

糖类化合物价廉易得,具有天然手性结构,糖环上的多个羟基经过修饰,可以连接多种官能团。近年来手性糖类化合物的合成与应用研究引起了人们的广泛关注,尤其是在不对称合成和催化中的应用研究已成为有机化学中非常活跃的领域。碳水化合物含磷手性配体在不对称催化反应中的应用研究进展十分迅速,本文综述了近年来碳水化合物含磷手性配体与金属形成络合物作为催化剂,在不对称催化氢化、不对称烯丙位取代和不对称氢甲酰化等反应中的研究进展。     

轴向手性膦氮配体及其在不对称催化合成中的应用

本文较为详细地综述了轴向手性膦氮配体合成及其在不对称烯丙基取代反应、不对称1,4－共轭加成反应及不对称硼氢化反应中的应用。     

Phosphoramidites: Privileged Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis

Asymmetric catalysis with transition‐metal complexes is the basis for a vast array of stereoselective transformations and has changed the face of modern synthetic chemistry. Key to this success has been the design of chiral ligands to control the regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity. Phosphoramidites have emerged as a highly versatile and readily accessible class of chiral ligands. Their modular structure enables the formation of ligand libraries and easy fine‐tuning for a specific catalytic reaction. Phosphoramidites frequently show exceptional levels of stereocontrol, and their monodentate nature is essential in combinatorial catalysis, where a ligand‐mixture approach is used. In this Review, recent developments in asymmetric catalysis with phosphoramidites used as ligands are discussed, with a focus on the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds.     

Functionalized Chiral Ionic Liquids: A New Type of Asymmetric Organocatalysts and Nonclassical Chiral Ligands

By judiciously anchoring functional groups onto chiral ionic liquids, functionalized chiral ionic liquids (FCILs) are emerging as a new type of asymmetric organocatalysts and nonclassical chiral ligands. This Focus Review highlights the applications of FCILs from the viewpoint of asymmetric catalysis. We focus mainly on the de novo designed and synthesized FCILs which likely still maintain the typical ionic liquids properties, and in a few cases relevant ionic liquid immobilized chiral catalysts are briefly discussed.     

Synthesis of Recyclable Fluorous Chiral Ligands and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity toward Asymmetric Addition of Dimethylzinc to Aldehydes

The asymmetric addition of Me₂Zn to aldehydes is very slow and mostly gives low ee values. Previously, we reported the synthesis of a fluorous chiral ligand, (4R,5S,α′R)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐α,α,α′‐tris(perfluorooctyl)‐2,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol ( 1 a ), derived from tartarate as a chiral pool. Ligand 1 a showed high activity toward the addition of Me₂Zn to aldehydes with high enantiomeric excess. However, the very high content of fluorine makes 1 a difficult to dissolve in common solvents; hence, much solvent is required, which limits its use. This report describes the modification of 1 a by replacing either the perfluorooctyl groups with shorter perfluoroalkyl ones or the acetone ketal part with cyclohexanone ketal. The perfluorobutyl analogue 1 c is much more soluble than 1 a and shows comparable asymmetric induction toward the addition of Me₂Zn to aldehydes. Furthermore, 1 c has a much lower molecular weight than 1 a . This means that 1 c is used in smaller amounts (weight) than 1 a . The cyclohexanone ketal analogue 1 d is more soluble than 1 a and more easily synthesized owing to its high solubility and ease of crystallization. Ligand 1 d showed much higher asymmetric induction toward cyclohexanecarbaldehyde, a branched aldehyde, than 1 a . Thus, 1 a was modified into ligands with higher performance.     

Efficient P‐Chiral Biaryl Bisphosphorus Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation

A series of structurally novel P‐chiral biaryl bisphosphorus ligands L1‐L5 (BABIBOPs) are developed, providing high efficiency for the first time in palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐aryl and β‐alkyl substituted β‐keto esters. With the Pd‐ L3 (iPr‐BABIBOP) catalyst, a series of chiral β‐hydroxyl carboxylic esters are formed in excellent enantioselectivities (up to>99% ee) and yields at catalyst loading as low as 0.01 mol%.     

手性膦配体的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用研究进展

手性膦配体的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用一直是不对称有机合成和催 化研究中非常重要的研究领域，大量的单齿、双齿和多齿磷配体被合成出来并成功 地应用于不对称催化研究。综述了近十几年来手性磷配体的研究进展。     

手性铝催化剂在不对称合成中的应用

综述了手性铝催化剂在不对称Diels-Alder、Michael加成、1, 3-偶极环加成、Ene反应、磷氢化、氰硅化、烯丙基化、氢化、Claisen重排、Friedel-Crafts烷基化、Aldol等反应中的应用.     

手性亚砜的合成及其在不对称合成中的应用

本文综述了手性亚砜的合成。由于亚砜结构上的特征以及与金属离子的络合能力,使手性亚砜在不对称合成中具有强烈的诱导作用,使它成为进行不对称合成的一个手段。本文列举了它在不对称合成中的应用情况。