Experimental studies of biomass gasification with air

In this work,experimental studies of biomass gasification under different operating conditions were carried out in an updraft gasifier combined with a copper slag reformer.The influence of gasification temperature,equivalence ratio(ER) and copper slag catalyst addition on gas production and tar yield were investigated.The experimental results showed that the content of H2 and CO,gas yield and LHV increased,while the tar yield and the content of CO2,CH4 and C2Hx in the gas product decreased with the temperature.At 800C,with the increase of ER,the LHV,the tar yield and the content of H2,CO,CH4 and C2Hx in gas products decreased,while the gas yield and the content of CO2 increased.Copper slag was introduced into the secondary reformer for tar decomposition.The Fe3O4 phase in the fresh copper slag was reduced to FeO(Fe2+) and metallic Fe by the gas product.Fe species(FeO and metallic Fe) acted as the active sites for tar catalytic decomposition.The catalytic temperature had a significant influence on tar conversion and the composition of the gas product.Typically,the tar conversion of about 17%-54% could be achieved when the catalytic temperature was varied from 750 to 950 C.Also,the content of H2 and CO increased with the catalytic temperature,while that of CO2,CH4 and C2Hx in the gas product decreased.It was demonstrated that copper slag was a good catalyst for upgrading the gas product from biomass gasification.     

Oxidative coupling of methane in a fixed bed reactor over perovskite catalyst： A simulation study using experimental kinetic model

The oxidative coupling of methane （OCM） to ethylene over a perovskite titanate catalyst in a fixed bed reactor was studied experimentally and numerically. The two-dimensional steady state model accounted for separate energy equations for the gas and solid phases coupled with an experimental kinetic model. A lumped kinetic model containing four main species CH4, O2, COx （CO2, CO）, and C2 （C2H4 and C2H6） was used with a plug flow reactor model as well. The results from the model agreed with the experimental data. The model was used to analyze the influence of temperature and feed gas composition on the conversion and selectivity of the reactor performance. The analytical results indicate that the conversion decreases, whereas, C2 selectivity increases by increasing gas hourly space velocity （GHSV） and the methane conversion also decreases by increasing the methane to oxygen ratio.     

Influence of NO on the Reduction of NO2 with CO over Pt/SiO2 in the Presence of O2

Reduction of NO2 with CO in the presence of NO and excess oxygen, a model mixture for flue gas, over a 0.1% Pt/SiO2 catalyst was studied. The related reaction mechanisms, such as oxidation of CO and NO, were discussed. It was found that there was a narrow temperature window （180-190 ℃） for the reduction of NO2 by CO. When the temperature was lower than the lower limit of the window, the reduction hardly occurred, while when the temperature was higher than the upper limit of the window, the direct oxidation of CO by O2 occurred and thereby NO2 could not be effectively reduced by CO. The presence of NO shifted the window to higher temperatures owing to the inhibition effect of NO on the activation of O2 on Pt, which made it possible to reduce NO2 by CO in flue gas.     

Enhancement of H2 Sensing Properties of In2O3-based Gas Sensor by Chemical Modification with SiO2

The sensitivity and selectivity to H2 of a new In203-based gas sensor were improved significantly by surface chemical modification. A dense layer of SiO2 near the surface of the porous In2O3 bead was formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diethoxydimethysilane (DEMS). The dense layer functioned as a molecular sieve, thereby the diffusion of gases with large molecular diameters, except for 1-12, was effectively controlled, resulting in a prominent selectivity and high sensitivity for H2. The working mechanism of the sensor was also presented.     

氧化铝负载的银纳米颗粒高选择性催化合成亚胺(英)

The oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols to aldehydes catalyzed by Ag nanoparticles supported on Al₂O₃ was studied.The catalyst promoted the direct formation of imines by tandem oxidative dehydrogenation and condensation of alcohols and amines.The reactions were performed under mild conditions and afforded the imines in high yield（up to 99%） without any byproducts other than H₂O.The highest activity was obtained over 5 wt%Ag/Al₂O₃ in toluene with air as oxidant.The reactions were also performed under oxidant-free conditions where the reaction was driven to the product side by the production of H₂ in the gas phase.The use of an efficient and selective Ag catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohol in the presence of amines gives a new green reaction protocol for imine synthesis.     

Characterization and catalytic performance of CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using nitrogen-diluted synthesis gas over a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor

The surface species of CO hydrogenation on CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst were investigated using the techniques of temperature programmed reaction and transient response method. The results indicated that the formation of H2O and CO2 was the competitive reaction for the surface oxygen species, CH4 was produced via the hydrogenation of carbon species step by step, and C2 products were formed by the polymerization of surface-active carbon species （-CH2-）. Hydrogen assisted the dissociation of CO. The hydrogenation of surface carbon species was the rate-limiting step in the hydrogenation of CO over CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst. The investigation of total pressure, gas hourly space velocity （GHSV）, and product distribution using nitrogen-rich synthesis gas as feedstock over a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor indicated that total pressure and GHSV had a significant effect on the catalytic performance of CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst. The removal of heat and control of the reaction temperature were extremely critical steps, which required lower GHSV and appropriate CO conversion to avoid the deactivation of the catalyst. The feedstock of nitrogen-rich synthesis gas was favorable to increase the conversion of CO, but there was a shift of product distribution toward the light hydrocarbon. The nitrogen-rich synthesis gas was feasible for F-T synthesis for the utilization of remote natural gas.     

Gas sensing performance of polyaniline/ZnO organic-inorganic hybrids for detecting VOCs at low temperature

Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline, and ZnO, with the mean particle size of 28 nm, was synthesized by a non-aqueous solvent method. The organic-inorganic PANI/ZnO hybrids with different mass fractions of PANI were obtained by mechanically mixing the prepared PANI and ZnO. The gas sensing properties of PANI/ZnO hybrids to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methanol, ethanol and acetone were investigated at a low operating temperature of 90°C. Compared with the pure PANI and ZnO, the PANI/ZnO hybrids presented much higher response to VOCs. Meanwhile, the PANI/ZnO hybrid exhibited a good reversibility and a short response-recovery time, implying its potential application for gas sensors. The sensing mechanism was suggested to be related to the existence of p-n heterojunctions in the PANI/ZnO hybrids.     

Determination of multiple phenolic compounds in infant textile products by derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometryEI北大核心CSCD

A method for the simultaneous determination of 17 phenolic compounds in infant textile products， including phenol，o-phenylphenol，alkylphenols and bisphenols，was established using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. The samples were extracted by 0.1 mol/L KOH solution，derived with acetic anhydride. The derivatives were extracted with ethyl acetate，separated by HP-5MS column，and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with ion mode scanning. Under the optimized conditions，the method had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.5-6.25 mg/L（R2>0.9990），the recoveries ranged from 80% to 110%， the relative standard deviations were 1.0%-8.6%，and the limit of quantification was 1.0 mg/kg. The method can achieve the simultaneous detection of 17 phenolic compounds in infant textile products. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Screen and Capacity of Predominant Strain for Toluene Biodegradation in Groundwater

The soil nearby a gas station was collected, from which we isolated a series of strains by means of enrichment and screening technigues. The most effective strain for the degradation of toluene, i.e.,.JYZ0315 was screened by the further mutation of the above strains. The degradation capacity experiment was carried out in simulated groundwater. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation rate could reach 93.5%. During the extend application experiments with a percolation tank, the degradation of toluene reached 87.3% in 11 d and 95.2% in 15 d. which was close to that of the microenvironment, and this proves that JYZ0315 is one of the oredominant strains to degrade toluene in groundwater.     

Simultaneous Removal of COS and H_2S at Low Temperatures over Nanoparticle a-FeOOH Based Catalysts

Catalysts using a-FeOOH nanoparticles as the active ingredient were tested by a microreactor-chromatography assessing apparatus at atmospheric pressure between 25 and 60C with a gas hourly space velocity of 10,000 h-1, while the removal performance of H2S with catalysts was investigated using the thermal gravimetric method. The results show that the catalysts are highly active for COS hydrolysis at low temperatures (<60C) and high gas hourly space velocity, and the highest activity can reach 100%. The catalyst is particularly stable for 12 h, and no deactivation is observed. Nanoparticle a-FeOOH prepared using hydrated iron sulfate shows higher COS hydrolysis activity, and the optimum calcination temperature for the catalyst is 260C. In addition, the catalysts can remove COS and H2S simultaneously, and 60C is favorable for the removal of H2S. The compensation effect exists in nanoparticle-based catalysts.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.