高效毛细管区带电泳测定人尿液中尿酸、肌酐和伪尿核苷的含量

报道了采用高效毛细管区带电泳技术直接将人尿液注入毛细管进行尿液中肌酐、尿酸及伪尿核苷含量测定的新方法。试验表明,以磷酸盐（ｐＨ６．１）作缓冲液,对人体尿液中肌酐、尿酸及伪尿核苷进行直接分析具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重复性。     

毛细管凝胶电泳法测定血浆中的癌泰得

为了进行硫代反义寡核苷酸药物癌泰得的药代动力学研究,建立了毛细管凝胶电泳测定血浆中癌泰得含量的方法。样品经强阴离子交换柱除去血浆中的蛋白和油脂,通过反相C18柱脱盐,再通过渗滤膜除去残留盐分后,以长度为24个碱基的寡核苷酸作为内标,采用毛细管凝胶电泳测定血浆中癌泰得的含量。结果表明,毛细管凝胶电泳测定血浆中癌泰得含量的线性范围为12.5～400 mg/L(r=0.9998),日内、日间的相对标准偏差分别为0.398%～2.46%、2.75%～6.07%,回收率为99.53%～102.1%。毛细管凝胶电泳法用于血浆中反义硫代寡核苷酸的含量测定具有良好的准确性、稳定性和重现性。     

毛细管电泳-迎头分析法测定血清或血浆中氯氮平的游离浓度

采用毛细管电泳-迎头分析模式体外实验测定了人血清白蛋白溶液、人血浆、兔血清和血浆样品溶液中游离氯氮平的浓度．根据前沿峰的峰高直接测定了样品溶液中的游离氯氮平浓度,并与传统超滤法进行了比较．通过考察施加的电压和运行缓冲液的组成对氯氮平电泳峰平台形成的影响确定了最优分离条件．讨论了氯氮平蛋白结合作用的选择性．     

流动注射电化学发光法测定头孢氨苄

根据在强酸性介质中初生态Mn(Ⅲ)直接氧化头孢氨苄产生强化学发光,将在线恒电流电解产生Mn(Ⅲ)与流动注射技术结合,建立了流动注射电化学发光测定头孢氨苄的新方法。在优化的实验条件下,测定头孢氨苄的线性范围为1.0×10-7~6.0×10-5g/mL,检出限为5×10-8g/mL,相对标准偏差为1.8%(c=5.0×10-6g/mL,n=11)。方法简便快速,用于头孢氨苄胶囊中头孢氨苄含量的测定,结果满意。     

基于铜离子促水解反应高灵敏电化学检测鸡肉中头孢氨苄残留

利用纳米金( AuNPs)和L-半胱氨酸( Cys)修饰金电极( AuE),得到对Cu2+具有灵敏响应的电化学修饰电极( Cys/AuNPs/AuE)。在Cu2+存在时对头孢氨苄进行水解,通过方波伏安法测定水解液中剩余Cu2+的浓度,从而间接测得头孢氨苄的含量。对金电极的修饰条件、头孢氨苄的水解条件等进行了优化。在pH 4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲液中,头孢氨苄在Cu2+存在时于沸水浴中水解25 min后,溶液中剩余Cu2+在Cys/AuNPs/AuE上有良好的电化学响应,还原峰电流差与头孢氨苄的浓度分别在0.0058~0.12μmol/L和0.12~2.9μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.9 nmol/L(S/N=3)。用本方法对鸡肉样品中的头孢氨苄残留进行测定,结果表明,本方法简便快速、灵敏度高,适用于鸡肉等食品样品中头孢氨苄残留的测定。     

SPE及纳米金涂层毛细管电泳检测血浆中土霉素与多西环素

建立了混合型固相萃取及季铵化纤维素负载的纳米金涂层毛细管电泳法快速检测血浆中土霉素和多西环素的方法。采用季铵化纤维素负载的纳米金复合材料(QC-Au NPs)对毛细管内壁进行动态涂层,以抑制管壁对分析物的吸附,并对缓冲液p H值进行优化。结果表明,该涂层能改善峰形和分离度,提高分离效率,其中土霉素的柱效提高了17.9倍。在涂层毛细管中,土霉素和多西环素的吸附被抑制,并在4 min内出峰。在10~200μg/m L范围内,土霉素和多西环素的峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数(r)分别为0.997 6和0.995 2。血浆中土霉素和多西环素的加标回收率为88%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~7.7%。该方法快速、简便,准确度和精密度高,适用于血浆中土霉素和多西环素的快速检测。     

高效毛细管电泳紫外检测器光路的特殊性及其优化

紫外检测器用于高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）的主要难题在光路中,ＨＰＣＥ中熔融石英毛细管（内径通常在５０μｍ左右）直接放在光路中,一方面光程短,另一方面,光在透镜及毛细管界面上的折射与反射使光程常比毛细管内径短,甚至可能绕过毛细管内腔［１,２］．本文编制...     

9-芴甲氧羰酰氯柱前衍生-高效毛细管电泳法测定人血浆中牛磺酸

建立了区带毛细管电泳法快速测定人血浆中牛磺酸的方法.血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白并离心后,上清液中牛磺酸与9-芴甲氧羰酰氯在室温及pH 9.5条件下避光反应20 min,生成具有紫外吸收的衍生产物,以40 mmol/L的乙酸钠(pH 4.6)为运行缓冲溶液,熔融石英毛细管为分离柱;分离电压22kV;紫外检测.实验结果表明:在优化的实验条件下,样品检测仅需9 min,牛磺酸质量浓度在2.5~40.0 μg/mL范围内具良好线性关系(r=0.9995),检出限为0.8 mg/L(S/N=3),迁移时间和峰面积RSD分别为0.27%和1.8%,加标回收率90.3%～108.0%.用本法测定18名健康成人血浆中的牛磺酸,均值为15.8±3.2μg/mL.     

树脂吸附法回收头孢氨苄工艺研究

为了从头孢氨苄结晶废母液中回收产品,采用大孔树脂吸附法对回收工艺进行了研究,比较了HZ818,HZ832,HZ801,HZ816,D4020,X-5等6种大孔吸附树脂对头孢氨苄的吸附性能,筛选出了高吸附性能的树脂,同时对头孢氨苄在HZ816吸附柱上的动态吸附-解吸过程进行了研究.其结果是:大孔吸附树脂HZ816能更好地分离回收头孢氨苄,其吸附量在45.4mg/mL左右,40％的乙醇(pH 2.0)可以将吸附在树脂柱上的头孢氨苄有效解吸,解吸率达94.5％,解吸液经结晶、干燥等后续处理可得到符合中国药典要求的产品.大孔吸附树脂HZ816是回收头孢氨苄的一种理想的吸附剂,该工艺简捷,具有很好的工业化前景.     

毛细管直接进样质谱仪在液体样品分析中的应用

毛细管进样是目前小型质谱中常见的进样方式,它主要用于在大气压条件下对气态样品直接进行成分分析。本研究将自行搭建的一台基于毛细管进样和电子轰击电离源的小型四极杆质谱仪用于液体样品的分析研究,主要通过对甲苯样品的测定来验证液体直接进样分析方法的可行性。液体进样的方式能防止大气采样过程中空气的摄入,降低谱图上空气背景的干扰。结果表明,采用5μm内径的进样毛细管时,仪器能直接用于对液体样品的分析。此外,实验中还通过在毛细管上施加高电压的方式使采集的液体形成电喷雾,以此来促进液体的气化过程,使样品更易于被电离,这一方案能显著提高仪器的检测效率和灵敏度。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.