含相变微粒流体热对流启动的Galerkin解

采用Bubnov-Galerkin方法对有恒壁温条件下,两平板间夹有含相变颗粒流体的自然对流热启动瑞利数进行了近似解析求解,求出了临界瑞利数Racr和波频数kcr随相变物质浓度,以及在相变温度范围内随加热表面温度的解析关系表达式.从而,为实现该类功能性潜热流体的自然对流传热强化,及其优化控制蓄热过程有理论指导意义.     

微重力条件下流体相变和临界现象

研究流体相变及临界现象对今后化学工程的发展有重大意义．由于各种具有临界点的体系在各自 临界点有一些共同的实验特征和极相似的临界现象，而流体的研究在实验上又有独特方便之处，所以可 作为普适性研究将理论及实验结果推广到固体．微重力条件下的流体相变及临界现象研究提供了十分 靠近临界点的最佳实验条件，本文介绍了这方面研究工作的物理意义及进展．     

固液黏着功的Berthelot平均规则的推广及应用

以固液黏着功的Berthelot几何平均规则及其推广为基础的Zisman方程、Fowkes方程和Owens-Wendt方程是固体表面张力测定的基础.对Berthelot几何平均规则进行了进一步的推广,并以此为基础,对Zisman方程中的参数给出了推广的表示式,并对Fowkes方程和Owens-Wendt方程进行了进一步的推广. 关键词： 接触角 Berthelot规则 Fowkes方程 Owens-Wendt方程     

纳米流体振荡热管内部流动和传热特性

本文以纳米流体和去离子水的振荡热管作为研究对象,通过实验的方法,运用可视化的加热与观测手段,对比纳米流体和去离子水振荡热管的内部工质流型和冷热端温差,发现纳米颗粒体积浓度达到一定浓度后,相对于去离子水,纳米流体可以降低振荡热管的下极限热流,提高上极限热流,而后者足利用纳米流体为工质改进振荡热管性能主要特点,内在物理实质是纳米流体具有明显不同的流型转变.     

具有不同作用势的两平行墙间流体的浸润相变

用解析方法讨论了当两平行墙对流体施加不同的作用势时流体的浸润相变。系统的状态很敏感地依赖于两墙的作用势和两墙间距离的大小。即使两墙差别很小,在一定条件下仍可发生浸润一墙而不浸润另一墙的现象。系统中发生的浸润相变可能是一级的,也可能是二级的。 关键词：     

GaAs相变和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究

利用平面波赝势密度泛函方法,对GaAs从闪锌矿结构到CsCl 结构的相变进行了理论研究.通过Birch-Murnaghan状态方程拟合闪锌矿结构GaAs的能量和体积,得到了GaAs的热力学性质.我们发现对 GaAs来说,闪锌矿结构通常比CsCl结构稳定,由闪锌矿结构到CsCl结构的相变压力在37.019 GPa左右.计算所得到的晶格常数、体弹模量及体弹模量对压强的一阶导数与实验值以及其他作者的计算值相符合.     

高压下CaPo弹性性质和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法预测研究了CaPo从岩盐结构(B1结构)到氯化铯结构(B2结构)的相变以及B1结构CaPo高压下的弹性性质以及热力学性质等.通过等焓原理发现B1→B2的相变压力为22.8GPa. 同时计算了B1结构CaPo高压下的弹性常数以及剪切模量、杨氏模量等相关弹性参数,结果发现当压力超过20GPa时,B1结构CaPo开始不稳定了,这和等焓原理所得结果相符合. 最后通过Debye模型成功获取了B1结构C 关键词： 相变 弹性性质 热力学性质 CaPo     

三层流体界面内波的二阶Stokes解

以小振幅波理论为基础，利用摄动方法研究了三层密度成层状态下的界面内波，求得了三层成层状态下各层速度势的二阶渐近解及界面内波波面位移的二阶Stokes解.结果表明：一阶解为正弦波解，与传统线性理论的结果相一致；二阶解描述了界面波的二阶非线性修正及两界面波之间的非线性相互作用；一阶解及二阶解都依赖于各层流体的厚度及密度.Umeyama导出的理论结果为本文的特殊情形. 关键词： 三层密度成层流体 内波 二阶Stokes解 小振幅波理论     

热力参数的对比变换与流体工质热力性质的通用对比方程

本文提出了判别流体热力学性质的通用对比方程的规则和选择作为通用对比方程的热力学参数对比交换的方法;具体给出了工质饱和液体焓和温度的合适对比变换式和通用对比方程。经检验,该通用方程的计算值与２５种常用流体工质的推荐值的平均绝对偏差为０．５％,算术平均偏差为－０．０４％。本文的理论纠正了传统的只用临界参数为对比值的片面认识,为建立在无通用对比方程而仅利用合适的参数变换,从一种已知物性物质推算另一种物质未知物性的一般方法和其它物性的通用对比方程奠定了基础。     

Thermodynamic properties of a two-dimensional square-well fluid

Analytic expressions for the thermodynamic properties of a classical two-dimensional square-well fluid and the first quantum correction to them are derived using the Barker-Henderson perturbation theory. Numerical results are reported. It is found that the quantum effect, which increases with increase of density, is largely determined by the hard-core and the attractive tail has a minor effect at high density.     

Liquid water: A very complex fluid

Although H₂O has been the topic of considerable research since the beginning of the century, the peculiar physical properties are still not well understood. First we discuss some of the anomalies of this ‘complex fluid’. Then we describe a qualitative interpretation in terms of percolation concepts. Finally, we discuss recent experiments and simulations relating to the hyothesis that, in addition to the known critical point in water, there exists a ‘second’ critical point at low temperatures. In particular, we discuss very recent measurements of the compression-induced melting and decompression-induced melting lines of high-pressure forms of ice. We show how knowledge of these lines enables one to obtain an approximation for the Gibbs potential G(P, T) and the equation of state V(P,T) for water, both of which are consistent with the possible continuity of liquid water and the amorphous forms of solid water.     

相变与临界乳光现象

分别采用白炽聚光灯和氦氖激光器照射,观察六氟化硫在临界点附近的临界乳光现象.     

简并参量下转换光场的统计性质

通过经(?)泵浦场的简并参量下转换过程的薛定谔方程的解,讨论了简并参量下转换光场的统计性质.     

Thermodynamic properties of hard ellipsoid square-well fluid

The perturbation theory with non-spherical reference system is used for molecular fluid with angle-dependent square-well type potential. Simple analytic expressions are given for the thermodynamic properties such as the equation of state, excess free energy per particle, internal energy and internal heat capacity. The effects of anisotropy on the thermodynamic properties are discussed. The anisotropy effects increase with increase of density and decrease of temperature and depends on the anisotropy parameterx ₀.     

Thermodynamic properties of molecular fluid mixtures of hard ellipsoids

Thermodynamic properties of molecular fluid mixtures of hard ellipsoids are calculated. Numerical results are given for equation of state and excess-free energy of the binary mixture of both additive and non-additive hard ellipsoids. It is found that the equation of state and free energy of mixtures increase with increase of anisotropy parameterx ₀.     

Critical Behavior of Liquid 3He

We investigate the liquid–gas second-order phase transition in liquid ³He using the variational calculations based on the cluster expansion of the energy functional. We also compute the critical point exponents of liquid ³He that are in agreement with experimental data.     

Nonmetal-to-metal transition in dense fluid helium

The nonmetal-to-metal transition in dense fluid helium is discussed, which has been, in analogy to metallization of hydrogen, predicted as first-order plasma phase transition using chemical models for the equation of state and plasma composition. However, recent ab initio simulations performed for dense fluid helium indicate that this transition is continuous in the considered regime, without a density jump and latent heat as characteristic of a first-order phase transition. Implications for some astrophysical plasmas are discussed.     

Calorimetric study of thiophene-benzene solutions(I)

Molar heat capacities were measured on seven mixtures [(1 − x)thiophene + x benzene] using an adiabatic calorimeter in the 14 and 300 K temperature range. The measurements were made at x = 0.0016, 0.0030, 0.0050, 0.0061, 0.0070, 0.0183 and 0.0210, respectively. Transitions between various phases in stable and metastable sequences of thiophene crystal were found to be affected more or less by the benzene doping in this thiophene-rich region. Among others, the II₂-II₁ transition in the metastablephase sequence was affected drastically by the dopant. The significant effect of benzene on the transitional behavior was discussed in relation to the incommensurate structure of phase II,. Glass transitions observed in phase II₁ or II₂ were analyzed in terms of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation to derive kinetic parameters characterizing the relaxation processes. Non-exponential behavior of enthalpy relaxation was discussed in the light of possible distribution of relaxation times in the solid solution.