HIAF-BRing快脉冲二极磁铁磁场测量系统

介绍了强流重离子加速器装置HIAF(High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility)项目增强器BRing(Booster Ring)快脉冲二极磁铁的性能指标、测量要求和测量方法,描述了快脉冲二极磁铁稳态磁场测量系统及动态磁场测量系统的构成。在稳态磁场测量中,为提高积分磁场测量精度和测量效率,长线圈测量系统采用了on fly技术;在动态磁场测量中,研制了用于磁场延迟及磁场畸变测量的矩阵线圈。通过样机磁铁的测量,完成了测量系统的性能指标验证和磁铁的稳态磁场测量。实测结果表明,样机磁铁的设计和制造均达到了预期指标,并依据测量数据完成了磁铁的二次削斜。     

用磁致旋光效应估测二维磁场分布

为了克服现有测量磁场方法只能单点测量的局限性,基于法拉第磁光效应原理,提出利用磁致旋光估测磁场的方法,提高了磁场测量的效率,获得了磁场的直观分布.建立磁致旋光估测磁场的实验装置,测量了永磁体的磁场,用CCD采集了偏振光通过磁场的图像,通过程序处理可获得磁铁产生的局部磁场二维分布图,并可求得二维分布图上任意点的磁感应强度.     

铷-氙气室原子磁力仪系统磁场测量能力的标定

本文针对微弱磁场精密测量问题,在自主研制的铷-氙气室原子磁力仪系统上,探讨了两种磁场测量的方式,分别实现了对交流磁场与静磁场的测量,并对它们的磁场测量能力进行了实验标定.交流磁场测量原理是基于测量外磁场对~(87)Rb原子极化的影响,实验标定结果为在2100 Hz频率范围内磁场测量的灵敏度约为1.5 pT/Hz~(1/2),带宽约为2.8 kHz;静磁场测量原理是基于测量铷-氙气室内超极化~(129)Xe的拉莫进动频率,实验上首先测得超极化~(129)Xe的横向、纵向弛豫时间分别约为20.6和21.5 s,然后通过标定给出静磁场测量精度约为9.4 pT,测量范围超过50μT.相比无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪,该磁力仪在同一体系内实现了交流磁场与静磁场的测量,且交流磁场测量具有更大的带宽,静磁场测量可在地磁场下正常工作,将有望应用于地磁测量、基础物理等方面的研究.     

一种空间磁场可视化测量系统的设计

为了精确测量并形象展示空间磁场分布,我们设计了一种基于单片机的空间磁场可视化测量系统。该系统由磁场数据采集存储模块、数据传输模块、测量结果显示模块三部分构成。首先由霍尔磁敏传感器测量空间各点的三维磁感应强度分量,然后通过单片机采集、存储空间特定区域内的磁感应强度数据,并通过USB串口导入计算机,最后用计算机显示测量结果并进行数据仿真,模拟空间磁场强度矢量分布图,实现空间磁场的可视化测量及展示功能。实验结果表明,该磁场测量系统的精度为1μT,量程范围为±8 500μT,测量误差为0.62%。这种空间磁场可视化测量系统精度高,量程范围广,能形象展示空间磁场分布,可以辅助大学物理实验教学,也可以应用于复杂多变磁场的测量。     

用塞曼效应测量磁场的误差传递规律

塞曼效应实验中谱线环的直径会随着磁场的强弱而变化,可以利用此现象测量磁场.本文导出了磁场测量公式,通过实际测量,发现了磁场测量误差的规律,设计了误差传递模型来模拟和论证了这一规律,所得到的结论,可以指导磁场测量的方法,提高测量的精度.     

磁场测量方法及其应用

磁场测量的发展有着悠久的历史,早在两千多年前,人们就用司南来探测磁场,用于指示方向。随着物理学、材料科学和电子技术的不断发展,磁场测量技术取得了很大进展,磁场测量方法也越来越多。当前,磁场测量技术已广泛应用于地球物理学、空间科学、生物医学、军事技术、工业探伤等领域,成为不可或缺的手段。磁场测量常以磁场强度的大小作为度量标准,针对不同场合下磁场强度的不同,需要采用不同的测量方法。本文将总结与讨论磁场测量的常用方法及其应用。     

调制磁场交流霍尔电压测量技术

霍尔效应测量伴随着多种副效应,直流换向法在变温测量中存在难以克服的技术缺点.采用调制磁场与交流样品电流测量技术,并选择后者频率为前者的整数倍.当数据采样历遍调制磁场完整周期时,实验结果等效于磁场和样品电流换向测量.利用数字锁相放大器对被测信号谐波分量离散傅里叶分析原理,实现调制磁场交流霍尔电压实时测量.实验说明调制磁场...     

小型回旋加速器全自动化磁场测量和精密垫补平台研制

针对核医学诊疗对PET医用放射性核素的需求,中国原子能科学研究院正在开展PET医用小型回旋加速器的产业化研究。磁场测量和垫补是回旋加速器生产中的必经环节,小型回旋加速器结构紧凑实现磁场测量仪的全自动化控制是一个难点,解决常规垫补方法加工成本高和周期长的问题是产业化生产的关键。本文详细介绍小型回旋加速器全自动化磁场测量和精密垫补平台的研制,通过多台小型回旋加速器的磁场测量和垫补实践,发展一套快速磁场测量和垫补流程,实现全自动化测量方法缩短磁场测量周期,采用精密垫补算法减少垫补次数。在保证磁场测量和垫补工作高效高质量完成的条件下,极大降低了时间和加工成本,为小型回旋加速器的产业化生产打下基础。目前,中国原子能科学研究院已经完成多台小型回旋加速器的商业化落地。     

疏松载流螺线管轴线上磁场的分布研究

疏松载流螺线管轴线上磁场实验的设计可以测量螺线管轴线不同位置上的轴向磁场和径向磁场,实验结果与数值计算结果吻合。另外,从该实验测量结果发现疏松型螺线管轴线上的轴向磁场与螺距呈近似线性关系。这些工作不仅可作为大学物理实验课的选做内容,还可以为设计基于测量磁场的位移和应力传感器提供依据。     

一种霍尔效应测量磁场的设计方法

针对大学物理实验中＂霍尔效应法测量磁场＂项目只能测长直螺线管轴线上一维稳恒磁场分布的不足,提出一种设计方法,来测量任一未知稳恒磁场的二维分布,进而可扩展到测量三维分布。可使学生深刻全面理解霍尔效应测磁场的原理及磁场的性质,并可作为设计性实验项目在大学物理实验课中开出,培养学生的创新意识。     

Polarization and transmission of microwaves in the magnetic suspension in the applied magnetic field

The production method of magnetic suspension consisting of ferromagnetic particles dispersed in cedarwood oil is presented at the beginning of this article. Next, the set-up for microwaves generation using a klystron is described. The main part of this paper concerning microwave transmission and polarization during its passage in samples of the produced magnetic suspension placed in a magnetic field is based on the following parameters: induction of this field, filling factor of magnetic suspension by ferromagnetic particles, dimensions of particles, viscosity of liquid carrier, and ratio of the magnetic field changes. Conducted investigations show that microwaves are damped and polarized in these magnetic suspensions. Obtained results are discussed and observed effects are explained by ordering of ferromagnetic particles in magnetic suspension by applied magnetic field.     

Estimation of the chiral magnetic effect considering the magnetic field response of the QGP medium

The magnetic field plays a major role in searching for the chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. If the lifetime of the magnetic field is too short, as predicted by simulations of the field in vacuum, the chiral magnetic effect will be largely suppressed. However, the lifetime of the magnetic field will become longer when the QGP medium response is considered. We give an estimate of the effect, especially considering the magnetic field response of the QGP medium, and compare it with the experimental results for the background-subtracted correlator H at RHIC and LHC energies. The results show that our method explains the experimental results better at the top RHIC energy than at the LHC energy.     

Interaction of a magnetic vortex with the probe field of a magnetic force microscope

The interaction of a magnetic vortex in a circular ferromagnetic nanoparticle with the probe field of a magnetic force microscope (MFM) is theoretically investigated. In the calculations, the probe field is approximated by the point dipole field. The rigid magnetic vortex model is used to describe the vortex state of magnetization. It is found that the effect of the probe field on the rigid magnetic vortex shell is similar to the effect of a uniform magnetic field parallel to the particle plane. The effect of the Z component of the probe field on the core of the vortex results in mutual probe-vortex attraction or repulsion. It is shown that the magnetization direction of the core of the vortex in the MFM probe field can be changed without a change in the shell vorticity direction.     

A simple method to estimate the magnetic moment of magnetic micro-particles

Micro-particles in suspension in a fluid are an example of a very low Reynolds number problem. In this case, no inertial effects are observed. Magnetic micro-particles with magnetic moment m, suspended in a fluid orient to applied external magnetic fields B due to the interaction between the field and the magnetic moment. In this work, we present a simple method to estimate the total magnetic moment of magnetic micro-organisms. The method is based on the application of an external oscillating magnetic field in the sites where the micro-organisms are. In this case, it is possible to obtain theoretically the solution of the equation of motion (rotation of the organism and its trajectory). The solution is a transcendental equation relating the orientation angle and m and can be solved by numerical methods. Changing the frequency and/or the field intensity, it is possible to obtain a situation in which the crystal rotates uninterruptedly (a resonance regime). This condition is related to the applied field intensity, to the frequency, to the medium viscosity, to the crystal dimension, and to the micro-crystal magnetic moment m. The method can be used to estimate the total cellular magnetic moment of magnetic micro-particles.     

Experimental investigation of the dilute magnetic fluid transparency in a permanent magnetic field

The variation of light transmission in a magnetite-like magnetic fluid diluted in kerosene under the action of a permanent magnetic field is studied. The change in the optical density versus the field strength for light directed normally and parallel to the field, as well as the dependence of this change versus the angle between the light and field directions, is found experimentally. The variation of the optical density is shown to be related to aggregates present in the magnetic fluid. The magnetic moment of the aggregate is calculated from the experimental data. The calculation results are supported by dynamic light scattering measurements.     

Structure and magnetic field of periodic permanent magnetic focusing system with open magnetic rings

The magnetic field along the central axis for an axially magnetized permanent magnetic ring was investigated by analytical and finite element methods. For open magnetic rings, both calculated and measured results show that the existence of the radial magnetic field creates a remarkable cosine distribution field along the central axis. A new structure of periodic permanent magnet focusing system with open magnetic rings is proposed. The structure provides a satisfactory magnetic field with a stable peak value of 120 mT for a traveling wave tube system.     

Neutron stars including the effects of chaotic magnetic fields and anomalous magnetic moments

The relativistic mean field(RMF) FSUGold model extended to include hyperons is employed to study the properties of neutron stars with strong magnetic fields.The chaotic magnetic field approximation is utilized.The effect of anomalous magnetic moments(AMMs) is also investigated.It is shown that the equation of state(EOS)of neutron star matter is stiffened by the presence of the magnetic field,which increases the maximum mass of a neutron star by around 6%.The AMMs only have a small influence on the EOS of neutron star matter,and increase the maximum mass of a neutron star by 0.02M_(sun).Neutral particles are spin polarized due to the presence of the AMMs.     

Creation of magnetic energy in the solar atmosphere

We show that a magnetic flux tube can grow in strength and size provided the temperature increases outward at the edge of the tube where the axial magnetic field declines to its external value. The radius of the tube increases at a rate determined by our theory. It is the coincidence of temperature and magnetic field gradients of opposite sign that generates the new field, and if this is lost the tube ceases to grow. The phenomenon is illustrated by adopting plausible distributions for the temperature and magnetic field strength, which yield an expression for the rate of growth of the magnetic field magnitude B. The mechanism provides a possible explanation of the fibrous nature of solar magnetic fields.     

Screening of the magnetic field by magnetic monopoles in spin ice

The screening of the external magnetic field by magnetic monopoles in spin ice has been considered. The polarization of the magnetic system with moving monopoles has been shown to result in the incomplete screening of the external magnetic field. The static permeability of spin ice and the magnetic-field screening length have been calculated and numerically estimated and the physical meaning of introducing monopoles is discussed.     

激光驱动的冲击波自生磁场以及外加磁场的冲击波放大研究

冲击波是天体物理观测中常见的现象, 其对粒子的加速被认为是高能宇宙射线的来源. 宇宙中冲击波周围往往存在很强的磁场, 但人们对于此类强磁场的产生放大过程的理解并不充分. 本文利用二维粒子模拟程序研究了激光与磁化或者非磁化等离子体相互作用产生的冲击波现象, 给出了冲击波波前处磁场的产生放大特性. 研究发现, 作用过程中的自生磁场可以储存能量, 从而进一步加速电子; 当存在外加磁场时, 由冲击波加速的电子和离子的能量都比同条件下非磁化等离子体的能量高; 而且外加磁场藉由冲击波放大倍数则与其值有极大关系. 与天文观测中推断的磁场与背景磁场相比放大千倍这一研究结果的比较可以看出, 天体冲击波周围磁场放大主要是由局域内生磁场导致的.