关于聚合物非晶态X衍射表征函数的探讨

电子计算机X射线衍射分峰法是70年代发展起来的有价值的研究结晶聚合物结构的新方法,其可靠性首先取决于用以表示晶志衍射与非晶态衍射的表征函数是否正确。本文讨论了现有的各种非晶态衍射表征函数的缺点,作者在实验和理论分析的基础上,提出两个不对称的指数函数作为聚合物非晶态X衍射表征函数。把这函数应用于聚丙烯的结构分析并与应用其他类型的表征函数所得的结果相比较,证明作者提出的不对称指数函数形式的非晶态X衍射表征函数能给出比较满意的结果。     

无定形聚苯硫醚的X-射线衍射峰的表征函数

<正> 过去在进行计算分峰时,不同相态的X-射线衍射峰形是用不同的表征函数来描述的。其中晶相峰多采用Hindeleh的对称复合函数;非晶相峰的表征函数则有多种形式。以后提出综合函数实现了两种相态表征函数的统一。在应用中发现,这一综合函     

晶态聚合物结构的X射线衍射分析及其进展

本文分结晶度的测定，微晶尺寸和点阵缺陷的测定，取向情况的测定等方面，阐述了使用Ｘ射线衍射分析研究聚合物晶体结构的各种方法及其进展。     

煤微观结构的X射线衍射原子分布函数分析

采用在非晶态结构研究中应用的Ｘ射线衍射原子分布函数法测试了四种不同煤化程度煤的碳原子平均径向分布，求出了碳原子间距、配位数、芳香度、聚合度和短程有序畴等结构信息，并与文献值进行了以比。结果表明，煤的碳原子间距及对应的配位数介于石墨和金刚石对应的数值之间，随着煤化程度的增加，芳香胺、聚合度和短程有序畴增大，煤的石墨化程度增加。     

新型X光显影含糖聚合物的合成与表征

用自由基本体聚合方法合成了一种新型的X光显影含糖三元共聚物P(2-IEMA-AcGEMA-MMA). 探讨了单体配比和链转移剂用量对聚合物分子量及其分布的影响, 并用FTIR, 1H NMR和GPC对其结构进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 改变单体配比对聚合物的分子量几乎不产生影响, 但减少链转移剂用量时, 可明显增加三元共聚物的分子量. 聚合物分子量分布一般在2~3之间, 符合自由基聚合产物分子量分布的一般规律. 聚合物具有良好的显影性, 显影效果随着样品厚度的增加而增强.     

研究非晶态聚合物结构的RDF方法

一、前言随着非晶态材料某些特异性能的发现,非晶态材料的研制和应用获得迅速的发展。由 X射线、电子和中子射线散射强度变换得到的、反映非晶态物质中原子在空间径向分布的 RDF(Radial Distribution Function)法,是目前研究非晶态结构的重要方法之一。     

半水合L-胱胺酸锌的合成及其X射线粉末衍射表征

利用 X射线粉末衍射可求解多晶结构 ,求解的第一步 ,即对衍射图进行指标化 ,求出晶胞参数及可能的空间群 ,但直到 80年代计算机技术发展后才真正得到应用 [1,2 ] .生命必需元素与氨基酸配合物的结构是含金属的生物分子的生物功能的基础 .这些配合物作为生命必需元素的载体 ,辅因子等参与一系列重要的生物过程 ,如与其周围配体形成的原子簇正是酶中金属生物催化过程中的活性中心 .对氨基酸金属配合物的研究已有多年 ,但都侧重于合成与性能的研究 .由于不少此类配合物不易得到完整的单晶 ,故对其结构的研究有一定的困难 .我们合成了人体必需…     

羟基聚合铝形体结构的X射线衍射和核磁共振表征研究进展

探讨水解聚合铝的形态分布以及铝的水解聚合转化规律一直是环境化学、催化材料化学和铝的生态毒理效应研究的前沿热点课题。本文综述了国内外X射线衍射和核磁共振波谱技术在羟基聚合铝形体结构表征方面的研究进展,对方法的各自特点进行了全面比较,并就未来研究动向做了展望。     

非晶态Fe-Al-P-O催化剂的制备与表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了非晶态Ｆｅ－Ａｌ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂,并用ＩＲ,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ,ＢＥＴ,ＴＲＰ等技术对其物相组成、结构,表面形貌和活性氧量进行了表征。结果表明,非晶态Ｆｅ－Ａｌ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂是由ＦｅＰＯ４和ＡｌＰＯ４组成的均一混合物,其比表面大于２００ｍ＾２／ｇ。纳米级颗粒分布,活性氧还原温度集中于４００￣５００℃间,是一种潜在的烷烃选择氧化催化剂。     

Fe-P-O超细非晶态催化剂的制备与表征

共沉淀法;乙烷化学吸附;Fe-P-O超细非晶态催化剂的制备与表征     

A NEW APPROACH TO THE OBSERVATION OF THE RESIST IN X-RAY CONTACT MICROSCOPY

X-ray microscopy is one of the useful applications of synchrotron radiation researches, and at present, X-ray contact microscopy is the best developed method in this field. The images on the resist in X-ray contact microscopy have been observed with a scanning electron microscope, and there have been some attempts to use the transmission electron microscope, but few have used the replica method. We have applied the replica method with plasma polymerization-film to observe X-ray images on the resist with a transmission electron microscope and found it to be applicable.
A long exposure time is required when we use the monochromatic synchrotron radiation with a grasshopper monochromator. Our preliminary experiments with a new light source, undulator radiation, showed that it is very intense and useful for X-ray contact microscopy.     

ON THE ORIGIN OF STRESS PEAK IN UNI-AXIAL STRETCHING OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS

Rubber of high molar mass, like cis-polybutadiene, shows a stress peak on theenineering stress-strain curve during stretching at room temperature. In this work cis-polybutadiene samples were swollen in a poor solvent, CHCl_3/EtOH (1/1 v/v), for differenttimes. It was found that both the initial modulus and the stress peak on stretching de-creased in magnitude with increasing swelling time and the peak disappeared entirely after1 hour of swelling. On further swelling the initial modulus increased somewhat and a smallstress peak re-appeared after swelling for 2 h. The disappearance of the stress peak afterswelling is interpreted as the result of disruption of cohesional entanglements present in theinitial rubber sample. The re-appearance of a small stress peak and the increase of modu-lus on further swelling are interpreted as being of the same nature as the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization. It is the result of forming some new cohesional entanglements of largerbinding energies through longer range chain segmental motions excited after the disruptionof the previously existing cohesional entanglements in the rubber. Thus an understand-ing of the stress peak on stretching a high molar mass rubber and the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization on molecular level has been put forward.     

结晶高分子非晶区的结构及其动力学行为研究进展

非晶结构对结晶高分子材料结构和最终使用性能有非常重要的影响,但目前对半晶高分子中非晶结构的认识还不太清晰并且有待进一步完善.随着研究手段的发展,结晶高分子中非晶区结构及其动力学行为的研究受到越来越多的关注.本文简要概述了目前对结晶高分子中非晶相的研究进展,主要从结晶高分子中非晶区的结构﹑结晶高分子中非晶区的松弛行为﹑非晶相对结晶高分子性能的影响以及等温结晶过程中非晶相的结构演化这四个方面进行介绍,并对它们的研究现状进行了概述,同时指出了目前在这方面研究中存在的争议和问题.     

THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF INORGANIC RING CHEMISTRY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW POLYMERS

The field of phosphazene high polymers has developed into a large area of more than 700 different types of macromolecules with novel combinations of properties and diverse applications. Small-molecule phosphazene rings have played a major role in these developments, first as starting materials for polymer synthesis, second as synthetic and structural models for the high polymers, and third as components of hybrid inorganic-organic macromolecules. These three aspects are reviewed, with examples taken from our recent work, together with some thoughts on the development of this and related fields in the future.     

描述分子轨道成键性质的H-F力方法

提出了用Hellmann-Feynman静电力描述分子轨道成键能力的方法, 从能量梯度和静电力两种观点论述了分子轨道对化学键的作用。H-F力的矢量特性从数值和方向两方面反映了分子轨道的成键性质。同一分子轨道对不同化学键可能有不同的作用。用从头算法计算了乙烯和环丙烷的各分子轨道的H-F力, 指出了H-F力与分子轨道不可约表示闻的关系, 提出了用前线轨道的H-F力判断激发态分子构型畸变的方法。     

EXCIPLEX BY PYRENE-N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE PAIR BONDED TO POLYMERS IN AQUEOUS MEDIA*

Abstract— Emission spectra of poly[2-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl)-2-(l-pyrenylmethyl)ethyl methacryl-ate] (I) and the copolymers with vinyl-benzyltriethylammonium chloride (II) or sodium p-styrenesulfo-nate (III) were studied in extremely polar media such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and water. While the emission by the monomer model compound (2-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl)-2-(l-pyrenylmethyl)-ethyl isobutyrate(IV)) scarcely showed exciplex emission in DMF or aqueous DMF, exciplex by I was clearly observed in the same solvents. Furthermore, the ratio of exciplex intensity (F_e) to monomer intensity (F_m) increased by the addition of water to the DMF solution up to 60 vol%. This abnormal spectral behavior of increasing exciplex emission intensity with solvent polarity was interpreted as being due to shrinking of polymer chain. The peaking wavelength of exciplex shifted towards blue in the presence of water, indicating that the solvation of exciplex was hindered and/or the hydrophobic domain was organized. This interpretation was supported by the exciplex emission of II in water. No exciplex was detected from III in water. This is the first example of exciplex emission in homogeneous aqueous solution. In comparison with the published results of micellar systems, the exciplex emission of the polycation indicated that the hydrophobic domain in the polycation was so strong that the solvation of exciplex was considerably hindered. The peaking wavelength of exciplex at 480 nm also lends support to the presence of a non-polar microenvironment.     

X射线荧光分析中用于校正元素间吸收-增强效应的一个新经验校正方程

本文提出了一个新经验校正方程,用以校正X射线荧光分析中的吸收-增强效应.它以影响系数和基体元素浓度间的相互关系的两次曲线拟合为基础.在该校正方程中,吸收效应和增强效应均考虑为相同的表达形式.影响系数用多变量最小二乘法计算,分析元素的浓度用迭代程序求得.该方法以Fe-Ni、Fe-Cr、Fe-Ni-Cr、PbO-ZrO₂-TiO₂-La₂O₃等四种体系的试样与目前常用的几种经验校正方程,如Lachance-Traill方程、Claisse-Quintin方程、Rasberry-Heinrich方程等作了比较,表明在相当宽的浓度范围内,用本文提出的新校正方程所获得的准确度最好.     

Arrhenius关系对非晶聚苯乙烯α内耗峰的适用性

Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系对非晶聚苯乙烯α内耗峰的适用性李健，张立德（中国科学院固体物理研究所内耗与固体缺陷开放研究实验室，合肥，２３００３１）龚蓬（合肥工业大学化工系，合肥，２３０００１）关键词内耗谱，激活能，自由体积关于“α内耗峰是非晶聚合物伴随Ｔｇ...