四川产千金子挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从四川产千金子中提取挥发油,多次优化色谱条件,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析。从中分离鉴定出49个化合物,占其挥发油总量的90.48%。千金子挥发油中除了主要的长链脂肪酸及其酯类化合物,含量较少但种类丰富的萜类化合物也得到了很好的分析和确证。     

柽柳实中挥发油和脂肪酸分析

首次研究了维药细穗柽柳(Tamarix leptostachys Bunge)实中挥发油和脂肪酸的化学成分。 分别采用药典中的挥发油提取法和索式取提法提取柽柳实中的挥发油和脂肪酸,使用气质联用技术获取总离子流图,各色谱峰相应的质谱图经过NIST2011标准谱库检索定性,并采用峰面积归一化法进行定量分析,计算各成分的相对百分含量。 两种方法分别鉴定出48种挥发油和19种脂肪酸。 挥发油主要成分为芳香类化合物(43.71%)、芳香性醛酮类(20.58%)、脂肪酸类(13.03%)、酯类(17.36%)和醇类(4.19%)等。 脂肪酸主要成分为棕榈酸(35.61%)、亚油酸(27.26%)和油酸(11.33%)等,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸含量的38.65%。 维药细穗柽柳实中富含丰富的挥发油和不饱和脂肪酸,具有很好的开发利用价值。     

海豹油成分及其脂肪酸的色谱分析

本文用高压液相色谱对海豹油的主要组分进行定性、定量分析；利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪定性分析了海豹油脂中的脂肪酸部分，并以硬脂酸为内标，用气相色谱方法对海豹油脂肪酸各组分进行了定量分析，分析结果表明海豹油中油脂部分占92％，烯醛类气味物质占6％；海豹油脂中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的82％以上，而且富含γ-亚麻酸。为开发海豹油，从海豹油中分离除去其中气味物质-烯醛类方法的选择提供了依据。     

大泽山葡萄籽油中脂肪酸成分的GC／MS分析

介绍了用正己烷抽提葡萄籽,然后将油进行皂化,用气相色谱－质谱法测定油中脂肪酸,共检测出１４种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量最高,占８６．４８％。     

海棠果种子油脂肪酸成分研究

用乙醚萃取海棠果种子油,油脂皂化后的脂肪酸采用三氟化硼-甲醇溶液进行甲酯化.采用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术分离、鉴定出7种主要脂肪酸,进一步采用气相色谱法定量测定脂肪酸,分别为肉豆蔻酸0.02%,软脂酸8.64%,硬脂酸8.96%,油酸37.7%,亚油酸20.1%,亚麻酸0.38%,二十碳酸0.85%.结果表明,海棠果种子油不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达58%,值得作为不饱和脂肪酸食用油来源开发.     

柴油-生物质油乳化燃料最佳HLB值及理化性质研究

采用超声波乳化法制备柴油-生物质油乳化燃料,并研究了乳化燃料所需乳化剂的最佳亲水亲油平衡（HLB）值以及乳化条件对乳化燃料稳定性的影响,测定了乳化燃料的密度、黏度、闭口闪点、烟点、凝点和总热值等理化性质。结果表明,柴油-生物质油乳化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值为5.5~6.2;当乳化温度为50℃~60℃、单位容积输入功为180J/mL~300J/mL时,乳化燃料的稳定性最好;乳化燃料的密度、黏度、闪点和烟点随生物质油比例的增加而增大,而凝点和总热值则随生物质油比例的增加而降低。     

海红果红色素的理化性质

食用色素是食品添加剂的重要组成部分,应用广泛。许多合成色素有慢性毒性及致癌作用,天然色素的研究和开发日益引起人们的重视。海红果属蔷薇科属西府海棠(Malus-micro-malus Makino)类,为落叶乔木果树,在陕西、内蒙古、山西等地广泛种植。果实成熟时呈刺红色,     

烤鳗油的脂肪酸组成及其利用价值

用ＧＣ－ＭＳ法测定了烤鳗油脱腥前后的脂肪酸组成,并对其利用价值进行了评价。实验结果表明,经高温减压水蒸汽蒸馏脱腥处理后,烤鳗油中不饱和脂肪酸含量占其脂肪酸总量的７０％,二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ０含量分别达４．０１％和７．７３％。利用烤鳗油的结构特点,有可能开发出一系列特殊的保健品。     

海豹油中脂肪酸的气相色谱—质谱分析

利用气相色谱－质谱联用仪定性分析了海豹油脂中的脂肪酸部分，并以硬脂酸为内标，用气相色谱方法对海豹 脂肪酸各组分进行了定量分析。     

山腊梅中挥发油成分分析

山腊梅(Chimonanthus nitensO liv.)除了具有较大的观赏价值,还具有较高的药用价值,如中国药典记载山腊梅叶可用于防治感冒和流行性感冒[1],中药腊梅解毒汤能治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎,目前临床上已开发出了腊梅止咳露、山腊梅滴丸等产品。山腊梅具有浓郁的香味,据报道山腊梅叶的精     

Physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of Juglans regia cultivars grown in Serbia

Tree cultivars (Jupiter, Sejnov, and Elit) of walnut (Juglans regia L.) were collected during the 2004 harvest from Cacak, Central Serbia. The chemical composition, including moisture, total oil content, crude protein, ash, and carbohydrates, was determined. Afterwards, two techniques of oil extraction were implemented: cold pressing extraction and organic solvent extraction. Iodine value, saponification value, acid value, and peroxide value of obtained walnut oils were analyzed. The fatty acid composition of the walnut oils was determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The oleic acid content of the oils ranged from 15.9–23.7% of the total acids, while linoleic acid content ranged from 57.2–65.1% and the linolenic acid from 9.1–13.6%. The process of oil extraction had no significant effect on content and composition of fatty acids. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 118–120, March–April, 2008.     

Seasonal variation of volatile oil composition and antioxidant property of aerial parts of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn. grown in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn of the family Myrtaceae is a medicinal and aromatic plant. The hydrodistilled volatile oil (VO) from the aerial parts was characterised by GC-MS and Kovat’s index, while the antioxidant property was investigated using spectrophotometric techniques. Antioxidant capacities of the aerial parts VOs range from 0.12 to 0.93?mg/mL in scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH^?). Overall, 75 and 67 compounds were identified from the summer and winter VOs, respectively. The main compounds were α-pinene (33.13%), n-hexadecanoic acid (19.14%), limonene (14.26%), farnesol (14.21%), β-ocimene (13.04%), citronellol (12.67%), linoleic acid (11.50%), octahydro-1,4-dimethyl azulene (11.57%), citral (9.91%), phytol (5.07%), linolenic acid (4.85%) and thymol (2.23%). The bioavailability of citronellol, thymol, β-ocimene and linoleic acid, used as bactericidal, fungicidal and antioxidant agents in cosmetics and perfumery, suggests S. paniculatum potential as a natural food flavouring and source of antibiotics in this era of emerging multi-drug-resistant pathogens.     

Fatty acid composition and tocopherol profiles of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oils

The oil contents of safflower seeds ranged from 23.08% to 36.51%. The major fatty acid of safflower oil is linoleic acid, which accounted for 55.1–77.0% in oils, with a mean value of 70.66%. Three types of tocopherols were found in safflower oil in various amount α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, ranged from 46.05 to 70.93 mg/100 g, 0.85 to 2.16 mg/100 g and trace amount to 0.45 mg/100 g oils, respectively. This research shows that both fatty acid and tocopherol contents differ significantly among the safflowers.     

A simple methodology for the determination of fatty acid composition in edible oils through 1H NMR spectroscopy

A simple methodology for the determination of the fatty acid composition of edible oils through ¹H NMR is proposed. The method is based on the fact that all fatty acid chains are esterified to a common moiety, glycerol, and the quantification is done directly in the ¹H NMR spectra through the relationship between the areas of a characteristic signal of each fatty acid and a signal of the glycerol moiety, without the use of mathematical equations. The methodology was successfully applied to determine the fatty acid composition of several edible oils, with equivalent results to those given by the AOAC Official method by gas chromatography. Its main advantages are simplicity and the lack of need for sample pre‐treatment such as derivatization or extraction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鳗鱼油的脂肪酸组成分析

鳗鱼加工下脚料（头、骨等）所得鱼油经甲酯化处理后，用GC和GC-MS进行了脂肪酸的组成分析，共签定出27个组分，它们占色谱峰总面积的97．9％。其主组分为油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸，并含有廿碳五烯酸、廿二碳六烯酸，与鳗鱼肉中油的化学组成类似，具有开发利用的价值。     

不同方法对西藏林芝野生核桃油的提取及脂肪酸成分分析

分别采用超临界流体萃取法、索氏抽提法、超声波提取法从西藏林芝地区野生核桃中提取核桃油,并采用气相色谱-质谱法分析了核桃油的脂肪酸组成.结果表明,3种提取方法核桃油得率均在57%以上,核桃油主要脂肪酸含量为亚油酸62.54%、油酸18.93%、亚麻酸7.27%、棕榈酸5.36%、花生四烯酸4.11%、硬脂酸1.78%.其...     

Physicochemical characterisation and radical-scavenging activity of Cucurbitaceae seed oils

Oils extracted from Cucurbitaceae seeds were characterised for their fatty acid and tocopherol compositions. In addition, some physicochemical characteristics, total phenolic contents and the radical-scavenging activities were determined. Oil content amounted to 23.9% and 27.1% in melon and watermelon seeds, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics were similar to those of other edible oils and the oils showed significant antioxidant activities. Fatty acid composition showed total unsaturated fatty acid content of 85.2–83.5%, with linoleic acid being the dominant fatty acid (62.4–72.5%), followed by oleic acid (10.8–22.7%) and palmitic acid (9.2–9.8%). The oils, especially watermelon seed oil, showed high total tocopherol and phenolic contents. The γ-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in both oils representing 90.9 and 95.6% of the total tocopherols in melon and watermelon seed oils, respectively. The potential utilisation of melon and watermelon seed oils as a raw material for food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries appears to be favourable.     

超声波辅助固体酸催化塔尔油脂肪酸制备生物柴油

将强酸性阳离子交换树脂加入塔尔油脂肪酸和甲醇混合液中,并在超声波辐射辅助下得到生物柴油,对生物柴油的制备工艺和性能进行研究,同时建立动力学模型。结果表明,超声波辐射的辅助强化,能有效提高生物柴油的得率;在反应温度65℃、反应时间1h、甲醇与TOFA摩尔比为10∶1、脱水剂用量为TOFA6%、树脂NKC-9用量为TOFA40%的最佳工艺条件下,反应平衡常数可达11.18,生物柴油得率为90.0%。建立的动力学模型补充了超声波辐射辅助酯化反应动力学参数,并用此模型解释了各工艺参数呈现的规律。以廉价的制浆黑液回收物塔尔油脂肪酸为原料制备生物柴油,能有效地降低生物柴油价格,提高其市场竞争力,实现塔尔油高附加值利用,具有良好的发展前景。     

Compositions of the seed oil of the Borago officinalis from Iran

In order to investigate the composition of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil, this research was performed under the field conditions at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones, Iran during the 2012 planting year. The oil yield of borage was 31.46% and 33.7% at Shahriyar and Garmsar zone, respectively, and nine and eight fatty acids were identified in the seed oil of borage at Shahriyar and Garmsar, respectively – palmitic, linoleic, stearic and γ-linolenic acids were dominant in the seed oil of borage from both zones. Unsaturated fatty acid content was more than the saturated fatty acids in both zones. The ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in the borage cultivated at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones was 2.13 and 2.29. The fatty acid profile of Garmsar borage, oleic and oleic/linoleic acid ratio, increased. Locations with different ecological conditions resulted in changes in both seed oil content and fatty acid profile of borage.     

Toward new biosilicones: hydrosilylation of fish oil unsaturated fatty acid esters

Hydrosilylation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were efficiently catalyzed by Speier's and Wilkinson's catalysts in the case of vinylic acid esters, but less efficiently in the case of ­non‐vinylic ones, which gave non‐regiospecific additions. In the latter case, initiation by radicals led to regiospecific reactions for oleic esters (C10‐silylation). This regiospecificity can be attributed to the higher stability of the C10‐silylated adduct and of the corresponding radical intermediate. Only regioselective addition was observed for linoleic esters (C13‐silylation ≈ 70%, C10 ≈ 20%, C9 ≈ 10%). Molecular modeling was used to examine the stability of the isomeric products and radicals. The new concept of radical initiation sequence has been successfully applied to FAMEs and then was extended to crude fish oil. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.