BOOK REVIEWS

Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation. Edited by J. B arber . Elsevier Biomedical Press B.V., The Netherlands
Department of Chemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Photochemistry. Volume 12. Edited by D. B ryce -S mith . Roval Society of Chemistry, London.
Korea Advanced Institute of Science P.O. Box 150 Cheongyangri Seoul, Korea
Photochemical, Photoelectrochemical and Photobiological Processes. Edited by D. O. H all and W. P alz . Solar Energy R&D in the European Community; Series D. Vol. 1. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Institute for Molecular Science Myodaiji, Okazaki 444. Japan     

Recent progress in the development of polymers for white light-emitting polymer devices

Much effort has been devoted to the design and synthesis of polymers for use in flat panel display, solid state lighting, transistors, and photovoltaic devices. Especially, development of white light emitting polymeric materials has recently attracted much interest owing to their possible use in lighting application and backlights for flat panel displays. White emission has been obtained from polymeric molecules, small organic molecules, organometallic molecules, and phosphor-based or quantum dot-based inorganic molecules. Among materials used in white light emitting diodes, we summarize the white light emitting polymeric materials synthesized and published till December 2007. Correspondence: In Tae Kim, Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-701, Korea, So Ha Lee, Life Sciences Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
DNA Repair. A Laboratory Manual of Research Procedures. Vol. 2. Edited by E. C. F riedberg and P. C. H anawalt , Marcel Dekker,
Nucleic Acids: The Vectors of Life. Edited by B. P ullman and J. J ortner , D. Reidel Publishing Company,
Specialist Periodical Reports. Volume 13. Photochemistry. Edited by D. Bryce-Smith (University of Reading).     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article:
Organic Molecular Photophysics , Vol. 1. Edited by J. B. Birks
Photochemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Edited by O. Buchardt (University of Copenhagen), Wiley-Interscience, Somerset, New Jersey, 1976. 622 pp. $49.50.
Light and Plant Development , Proceedings of the 22nd University of Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science, 1975. Edited by H. Smith, Butterworth's, London and Boston, 1976. 516 pp., $35.00.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Photochemische und thermische Umwandlungen einiger Colchicum-Alkaloide und ihrer Lumiverbindungen : HANS JOCHEN KUHN, OTTO-ALBRECHT NEUMÜLLER UND GÜNTHER O. SCHENCK.
Organic Photochemistry , Volume I, Edited by ORVILLE L. CHAPMAN, Edward Arnold,     

Driving the Future with Photocatalytic Solar Fuels

Tierui Zhang is a full Professor in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the director of Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS. He is associate editor of Science Bulletin and also serves as an editorial board member for several peer-reviewed journals including Advanced Energy Materials, ChemPhysChem, Scientific Reports, and Solar RRL. He has published more than 200 papers in refereed SCI journals, including Nat. Commun., Chem. Soc. Rev., Adv. Mater., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., and J. Am. Chem. Soc., with total number of citations >14000 and a h-index of 64. He was named in the annual Highly Cited Researchers 2018/2019 List by Clarivate Analytics. He was supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship, National High-Level Talents Special Support Program, “Outstanding Young Scholars” of the National Science Fund, and so on. He is the recipient of numerous awards including 2019 “Nano Research Young Innovators Award” in NanoEnergy and Outstanding Young Scientist in Photochemistry and Photocatalysis. He was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) in 2017.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers. Volume II. Edited by C. B radley M oore
Laser Spectroscopy III, Springer Series in Optical Spectroscopy. Volume 7. Edited by J. L. H all and J. L. C arlsten
Photosynthesis. Second Edition, D. O. H all and K. K. R ao
The Amphibian Visual System. Edited by K atherine V. F ite
The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Dormancy and Germination. Edited by A. A. K han
Phytochrome and Plant Growth. Studies in Biology NO. 68. Edited by R. E. K endrick and B. F rankland
The Science of Photobiology. Edited by K endric C. S mith
Photosensitized Reactions, By M. K oizumi , S. K ato , N. M ataga , T. M atsuura and Y. U sui
Bioenergetics of Membranes, Edited by L. P acker , G. C. P apageorgiou and A. T rebst     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Biophysics, Volume 6. Reaction Centers of Photosynthetic Bacteria. Edited by M. E. Michel-Beyerle
Photoreactive Polymers: The Science and Technology of Resists. By Arnost Reiser
Photon-Vegetation Interactions. Edited by R. B. Myneni and J. Ross     

室温钠离子电池关键材料研究进展

钠离子电池凭借钠资源丰富、价格低廉在大规模储能领域有着重要应用前景. 然而,钠离子相对锂离子较大的半径和质量限制了它在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌,导致其电化学性能不佳. 因此研发稳定、高效储钠的高比能电极材料是钠离子电池实用化的关键. 另外,进一步优化与电极材料相匹配的电解质来实现高安全、长寿命钠离子电池的构建,推动其商业化进程,也是迫切需要解决的问题. 本文主要对室温钠离子电池关键材料（包括正极、负极和电解质材料）的研究进展进行简要综述,并探讨了其面临的困难及可行的解决方案,为钠离子电池的发展提供一定参考依据.     

Selective and efficient oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate in the presence of a catalytic amount of KBr or NaBr

A wide range of aliphatic or aromatic sulfides are selectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides using ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate (CAN) and a catalytic amount of KBr or NaBr in the presence of wet SiO₂ in CH₂Cl₂ under heterogeneous conditions in moderate to high yields. Correspondence: Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 6517838683, Hamadan, Iran; Kamal Amani, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 6617715175, Sanandaj, Iran.     

Process scale high performance liquid chromatography part IV—Examples of reversed phase separations

Summary The flexibility of process scale high performance liquid chromatography is demonstrated by three examples of reversed-phase separations (a) a standard purification (b) isolation of trace compounds, and (c) recovery from crystallisation mother liquors. It was shown that a material, thought to be acceptably pure, contained a toxic impurity, and a remaining impurity, a previously unseen component of potential therapeutic interest. Favourable cost data were indicated for example (3). This work was conducted in the Chemical Technology Unit, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 88, Manchester M6O 1OD, UK.     

基于CoP纳米阵列的亚硝酸根传感器的研究

亚硝酸盐对环境和人体健康有着不利的影响,人体长期食用含大量亚硝酸盐的食物有致癌的风险,对亚硝酸盐的分析和检测是非常重要的. 开发高效的电催化剂,从而实现高灵敏度和高选择性的亚硝酸盐检测具有十分重要的意义. 作者通过先水热再低温磷化获得了磷化钴纳米阵列（CoP/TM）.电化学测试结果表明,所构建的CoP/TM电极对亚硝酸盐的还原具有高效的催化作用,线性检测范围为1.0 μmol·L^-1到1.0 mmol·L^-1,检测下限为18 nmol·L^-1（S/N=3）,响应灵敏度为17781 μA·(mmol·L^-1)^-1·cm^-2,响应时间小于3 s,选择性良好.     

Process scale high performance liquid chromatography. Part III: Optimization procedure and economics of silica matrices

Summary An analytical procedure to optimise the solvent system for a given high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation is described; it also distinguishes any preference between normal and reversed phase systems. These results can be applied directly to process scale HPLC. If intermediate pure samples are required a feasibility study and a proving trial continue the assessment. Support lifetime, cycle time, yield and purity are assessed practically and from this information processing costs can be calculated. Typical costs are given based upon reasonable assumptions. This work was conducted in the Chemical Technology Unit, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, U.K.     

Structure of solvated metal ions in nitrate and chloride solutions of erbium(III) and yttrium(III) in dimethyl sulfoxide

X-ray diffraction measurements on 1M yttrium(III) and erbium(III) nitrate and chloride solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have shown that Er(III) and Y(III) solutions of equal compositions are isostructural. The intensity difference functions can then be used to derive the detailed structure of the coordination sphere around the metal ions. The DMSO molecules are coordinated over oxygen with average M-O-S bond angles of about 130°. Two different conformations, corresponding to different relative orientations of the M-O and O-S bonds, seem to be prevalent. In the nitrate solutions an average of about 1.5 nitrate ions are coordinated as bidentate ligands to each metal ion. In the chloride solutions about 1.3 chloride ions belong to the inner-coordination sphere.On leave from the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden     

Triethylamine-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of trithiocarbonates from carbon disulfide, thiols, and alkyl halides in water

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical trithiocarbonates were prepared by a simple and efficient one-pot reaction of thiols, carbon disulfide, and alkyl halides in the presence of triethylamine in water at room temperature. Correspondence: Barahman Movassagh, Department of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315–1618, Tehran, Iran.     

Aqueous NaHSO4 catalyzed regioselective and versatile synthesis of 2-thiazolamines

The green acidic catalyst NaHSO₄ was used for the synthesis of some novel substituted 2-thiazolamines in water under mild conditions in high regioselectivity. Correspondence: Shahnaz Rostamizadeh, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box: 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.     

Potassium aluminum sulfate (alum): an efficient catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles

Trisubstituted imidazoles were synthesized in high yields in the presence of potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) as a non-toxic, reusable, inexpensive, and easily available reagent at 70°C. Correspondence: Ali A. Mohammadi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University-branch Sabzevar, P.O. Box 9618814711, Sabzevar, Iran.     

Process scale high-performance liquid chromatography Part II: Dissolution of silica matrices

Summary Possible contamination of purified product by the silica matrix is of considerable importance when considering process scale high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a separation methodology. The stability of silica supports in normal phase, reversed phase and affinity chromatography modes has been examined with organic solvents and water. Both inorganic and organic components were found, contributed by the support, and the chromatographic and distillation equipment. In all cases, based on assumed values of production, they were found to contribute less than 0.01% of impurities. In critical cases crystallisation or dialysis may be considered as a last stage of purification, with re-chromatography to maximise yields. This work was conducted in the Chemical Technology Unit, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK.     

Process scale high-performance liquid chromatography Part I: An optimisation procedure to maximise column efficiency

Summary Scale up of analytical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to the process scale offers promise as a preferred separation method for many high value fine chemicals, both for development purposes and continuous production. It's early adoption is curtailed by the widely held perception that preparative HPLC is a low efficiency high cost technique of limited application. This view has largely beeen generated by the generalised use of large particle size, low quality angular silica supports, and difficulties with packing methodologies. A systematic study of a new silica, in new axially compressed equipment using Plackett-Burman statistics, has demonstrated that very high efficiences, leading to high capacities, can be attained. This work was conducted in the Chemical Technology Unit, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK.     

One step synthesis of 14-alkyl- or aryl-14<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-dibenzo[<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">j</Emphasis>]xanthenes using sodium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst

A simple and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of 14-alkyl- or aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes is described through a one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol with aryl or alkyl aldehydes in the presence of sodium hydrogen sulfate as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Correspondence: Mohammed M. Hashemi, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.