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The absolute position of an underwater target is difficult to pinpoint because the global positioning system (GPS) cannot penetrate water bodies. The long baseline (LBL) positioning system can extend GPS using high-precision calibrated underwater beacons as references. While traditional LBL systems give the target position without considering calibration error of deployed beacons. To solve this problem, we propose a method different from previous works, that combining the errors of observations together. We use GPS outputs as true values to evaluate the localization performance. An LBL system with four beacons was installed in deep sea to test the results. The positioning accuracy in deep sea improves nearly 5 m. The results suggest that beacon positioning errors have a great impact on localization precision, that is significant in high-precision positioning tasks. 相似文献
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The acoustical scattering cross section is usually employed to evaluate the scattering ability of the bubbles when they are excited by the incident acoustic waves. This parameter is strongly related to many important applications of performance prediction for search sonar or underwater telemetry, acoustical oceanography, acoustic cavitation, volcanology, and medical and industrial ultrasound. In the present paper, both the analytical and numerical analysis results of the acoustical scattering cross section of a single bubble under multi-frequency excitation are obtained. The nonlinear characteristics(e.g.,harmonics, subharmonics, and ultraharmonics) of the scattering cross section curve under multi-frequency excitation are investigated compared with single-frequency excitation. The influence of several paramount parameters(e.g., bubble equilibrium radius, acoustic pressure amplitude, and acoustic frequencies) in the multi-frequency system on the predictions of scattering cross section is discussed. It is shown that the combination resonances become significant in the multi-frequency system when the acoustic power is big enough, and the acoustical scattering cross section is promoted significantly within a much broader range of bubble sizes and acoustic frequencies due to the generation of more resonances. 相似文献
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针对传统长基线水声定位模型在以飞机黑匣子等周期偏移声信标为目标时定位精度显著下降的问题,提出了一种不依赖于信号周期信息的新型长基线定位模型。该模型将传统时延差定位模型拓展至二阶,通过求取到达时间的二阶导数,消去未知声信标周期。为避免由阶数提高引起的解算非收敛问题,引入了改进牛顿迭代算法,有效提高了新模型的收敛概率。所提出新模型的仿真试验及湖上试验的定位误差分别为3.14 m和1.19 m,试验结果表明,该模型实现了周期偏移声信标的高精度定位解算。 相似文献
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在分布式光纤传感系统定位中,传统时延估计算法常由于噪声相关性较强而失效。采用一种削弱相关噪声的改进型广义相关法,并针对系统特点,为进一步改善分布式光纤传感定位的准确度与稳定度,提出了一种先对数据按事件信号进行分帧,再采用卡尔曼滤波器对分帧时延估计结果进行跟踪的时延估计方案。系统仿真实验与实际数据测试结果均表明:提出的时延估计方案能够有效抑制强相关性的噪声,提高时延估计的准确度与稳定度。经大量现场测试,本文的方案能够有效地将时延估计误差稳定地控制在0.2个采样间隔以内,能够满足系统实际定位精度要求。 相似文献
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超短基线定位系统的定位精度和准确度是评价系统性能的重要指标, 通常采用固定点的定位重复度来评价定位精度, 采用其他解算方法作为真值参考评价定位准确度. 本文首先分析了以误差椭圆理论为基础的超短基线精度评价方法, 给出了理论推导公式, 证明了观测数据和理论误差椭圆的关系. 本文提出了一种基于长基线交汇的超短基线定位系统精度评价方法, 通过长基线交汇模型求解目标的真实位置评价系统的准确度. 根据该方法解算得到的待定目标位置作为真值参考, 能够反应系统误差的修正情况. 最后采用该方法进行海试数据处理, 处理结果表明该方法能够较好的反应定位精度, 进一步修正了系统偏差, 修正系统偏差后和修正前相比定位精度提高了0.2%, 具有良好的工程应用价值. 相似文献
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异步水声定位系统可在目标信号发射时刻未知时对目标跟踪定位,此时发射和接收时钟存在固定时差。对于基于时延测量的长基线异步定位系统,当信号传播时延大于脉冲重复周期时,就会出现距离模糊。本文提出了在异步水声跟踪定位系统中软件抗模糊的思想,探讨了一种利用目标参考位置抗模糊的算法。从异步定位模型出发,得出等价的抗模糊准则,依据准则推导了算法及相应的参考位置取值范围,分析并克服了固定时差对算法的影响。海试结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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This letter describes a flash Lidar imaging technique that uses a streak tube camera as a receiver to detect short scale surface wave fields for oceanographic, underwater target and coastal measurements. The range and intensity imaging of short scale sea-waves and underwater targets can be supplied by this system through light reflected from the surface of the sea and targets. Through a surface scattering model, more accurate range and intensity information can be extracted. The technique can be applied to surface wave measurements and underwater target detection with high resolution. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated by applying the technique to data acquired by shipborne Streak Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) in the Yellow Sea and also the East and South China Seas. 相似文献
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利用球形压电陶瓷自身所具有的耐压能力,采用径向极化空气背衬压电球壳换能器作为声学接收敏感元件,设计并制作了一种球形耐压水听器。首先对其低频开路接收灵敏度和谐振频率等声学特性进行了分析和有限元仿真,然后对其强度和稳定性等耐压性能进行了分析和有限元仿真,最后对其声学性能和耐压能力进行了测试。测试表明,该球形耐压水听器的直径为36 mm,工作频段为50 Hz10 kHz,低频接收灵敏度为198:4 dB(0 dB=1 V/Pa),等效自噪声谱级为46.5 dB@1 kHz,其耐压深度可达3000 m。该耐压水听器为大深度水听器设计提供了参考,在深水声学领域具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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Experimental studies of applications of time-reversal acoustics to noncoherent underwater communications 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Heinemann M Larraza A Smith KB 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2003,113(6):3111-3116
The most difficult problem in shallow underwater acoustic communications is considered to be the time-varying multipath propagation because it impacts negatively on data rates. At high data rates the intersymbol interference requires adaptive algorithms on the receiver side that lead to computationally intensive and complex signal processing. A novel technique called time-reversal acoustics (TRA) can environmentally adapt the acoustic propagation effects of a complex medium in order to focus energy at a particular target range and depth. Using TRA, the multipath structure is reduced because all the propagation paths add coherently at the intended target location. This property of time-reversal acoustics suggests a potential application in the field of noncoherent acoustic communications. This work presents results of a tank scale experiment using an algorithm for rapid transmission of binary data in a complex underwater environment with the TRA approach. A simple 15-symbol code provides an example of the simplicity and feasibility of the approach. Covert coding due to the inherent scrambling induced by the environment at points other than the intended receiver is also investigated. The experiments described suggest a high potential in data rate for the time-reversal approach in underwater acoustic communications while keeping the computational complexity low. 相似文献
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系统阐述了利用水下爆炸声源作为发射声源,辅助声呐系统实现水下目标定位和目标方位、距离参数估计的方法。研究了目标散射信号的窄波束混响模型,以及混响背景下的目标方位参数的估计方法。对目标参数估计误差进行研究,证明方位参数、距离参数的估计误差近似满足高斯分布,并推导了距离参数估计误差方差的表达式。利用仿真实验对目标距离参数估计误差及其标准差进行研究,得出了一系列提高距离参数估计精度的措施。仿真和湖试数据处理结果显示,在存在一定爆炸声源距离误差的条件下,本文方法可实现对远距离水下目标的准确定位。 相似文献
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针对水下运动小目标被动探测与定位问题,提出了分段组合子阵联合处理探测方法,各探测子阵采用相互垂直结构布局,克服了单阵方位模糊及无法定位等问题。研究了分段组合子阵的宽带最小方差无畸变失真响应近场聚焦目标定位方法,实现了近程蛙人等水下小目标被动高精度定位。在此基础上,采用卡尔曼滤波算法对目标运动轨迹进行预测估计,将目标定位信息与跟踪轨迹信息进行匹配,实现高背景噪音下的运动小目标的跟踪处理。理论分析及仿真结果表明,分段子阵联合处理能有效对水下运动小目标进行定位和跟踪,海试试验进一步验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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特征提取是目标识别的关键技术,本文提出了一种基于时频分布重排的Wigner-Ville分布(WD)特征提取方法。选择WD作为研究问题的切入点,使用核函数方法,通过平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布(SPWD)抑制交叉项;为解决引入核函数导致信号时频聚集性下降问题,我们采用时频重排方法来增强目标的时频聚集性,最后用海上实验数据对本文方法进行了有效性检验。实验结果表明,本文提出的SPWD时频重排特征提取方法具有:(1)可有效抑制WD固有的交叉项;(2)增强目标回声信号时频聚集性;(3)可明显地提高水下目标识别率。该方法具有一定的应用推广价值,为解决水下目标识别问题提供了很好的思路。 相似文献
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基于水下目标探测的应用需求,研制开发了一套激光水下距离选通成像系统。系统采用波长532 nm、最大单脉冲能量400 mJ的Nd:YAG脉冲激光器作为照明光源,采用最小选通门宽3 ns、像元10241024的ICCD相机作为门选通器件和图像记录器件,利用DG535型数字脉冲发生器作为精确延时和同步控制器件实现激光脉冲和ICCD相机选通门的同步以实现距离选通功能。利用该系统在某水库进行了水下目标探测实验,实验结果表明,该系统可在6.5倍的衰减长度上识别目标,在8倍衰减长度上发现目标。 相似文献