共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A. Ioannidou E. Kotsopoulou C. Papastefanou 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,289(2):395-400
7Be activity concentrations were measured in the lower atmosphere at Thessaloniki, Northern Greece (40°38′N, 22°58′E) over
the year 2009, a year of a particular minimum of solar activity. The mean annual activity concentration of 7Be at that year was 6.01 mBq m−3. The variability of 7Be surface concentrations related to the solar cycle appeared to be deviated about 40% between the maximum and the minimum
values. A positive correlation (R = 0.97) was revealed between the activity concentrations of 7Be and the temperature, confirming that the increased rates of vertical transport within the troposphere, especially during
the warmer months, resulted in carrying down to the surface layer air masses enriched in 7Be. Relatively high values of 7Be activity concentrations were observed by increasing of the tropopause height. A negative correlation (R = −0.65) between the 7Be activity concentrations and the relative humidity was due to the condensation process in the lower atmosphere which resulted
in increased aerosol particle sizes with higher scavenging rates of aerosols and low activity concentrations of 7Be in the atmosphere. Influence of precipitation on the changes of 7Be activity concentrations was also observed. 相似文献
2.
Young Hyun Cho Wanno Lee Kun Ho Chung Geun Sik Choi Chang Woo Lee 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,274(3):531-538
The seasonal variation of the 7Be activities in air and the size distribution of the 7Be aerosols were studied by using a continuous air sampler and a five stage cascade impactor. The mean monthly activity level
of 7Be at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) site varied from 0.5 to 4.8 Bq·m−3 and revealed a seasonal variation, in which the 7Be activity levels were high in winter and low in summer. The mass size distribution showed a bi-modal distribution with a
higher peak around 0.49 μm and a smaller peak between 3 μm and 7.2 μm. The activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) decreased
with increasing ambient 7Be concentrations. The mean residence times by using a mean growth rate of 0.004 μm·h−1 were estimated to be 2.5–6.4 days. The AMAD has an increasing tendency with higher relative humidity. It seemed that the
high humidity condition facilitated the growth of the aerosol, resulting in increased deposition rates of the aerosols and
the low 7Be content in the surface air. The AMAD of the 7Be aerosols increased with an increasing temperature, but the temperature dependency of AMAD should be explained with geological
and meteorological conditions. 相似文献
3.
S. Osaki S. Sugihara Y. Maeda T. Osaki 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,272(1):135-140
Depth distribution of atmospheric 210Pb and 7Be and 90Sr and 137Cs fission products was measured in two types of aeolian soils (desert dust and volcanic ash), irrigated paddy soil and strongly
acidic soil. The depth dependence of 210Pb, 7Be and 137Cs show that these radionuclides have been diffused as solid soil particles in surface soil layers. In aeolian soil layers,
about 50% of 90Sr were diffused in surface soil layer and the remaining 50% had penetrated to deeper layers. The half of the fission particles
containing 90Sr were shown to have decomposed over the past 35 years. 相似文献
4.
Yong Yi Peng Zhou Guangshan Liu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(1):157-162
The atmospheric deposition fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb and 210Po at Xiamen were measured. The samples were collected from March 2004 to April 2005 and the sampling period was one month.
The 7Be and 210Pb activity were measured using HPGe γ-spectrometer after concentration using Fe(OH)3 co-precipitation method. The 210Po was counted with an α-spectrometer after the sample was digested and spontaneous plated onto a silver planchet. At Xiamen,
the atmospheric deposition fluxes of 7Be varied between 0.11 and 2.93 Bq·m−2·d−1 and the average was 1.64 Bq·m−2·d−1; 210Pb fluxes varied between 0.04 and 0.85 Bq·m−2·d−1, and the average was 0.51 Bq·m−2·d−1; 210Po fluxes varied between 0.002 and 0.133 Bq·m−2·d−1, and the average was 0.061 Bq·m−2·d−1. There were positive correlations between the deposition fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb or 210Po and the amount of precipitation. The residence time of aerosols varied between 6.0 and 54.0 days with a mean of 27.1 days,
which were calculated by 210Po/210Pb fluxes ratios. 相似文献
5.
S. Osaki S. Sugihara Y. Maeda T. Osaki 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,272(1):147-152
Fall water, stem flow water and falling litter in a coniferous forest (C. japonica) and a broad-leaved forest (L. edulis), and rainwater on a grassland near the forests were collected, and their 7Be and 210Pb contents were measured. The average residence times of 7Be and 210Pb in the forest crowns were calculated from the balances of their radionuclides, those in the forest crown of C. japonica were 88 days for 7Be and 9.2 years for 210Pb, and those in the forest crown of L. edulis were 52 days and <1 year, respectively. 相似文献
6.
T. Lönnroth K. -M. Källman J -O. Lill D. Agren 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(1):163-165
We report the measurements of 7Be activity in nine vegetable species through the detection of its 477.6 keV γ-ray of 7Li. The plants were grown 10 km south of the city of Turku in south-west Finland, located at approximately about 23E, 62N.
The results show that nettle, salad and cucumber have activities that exceed the detection limit. 相似文献
7.
I. Lovrencic M. Volner D. Barisic M. Popijac N. Kezic I. Seletkovic S. Lulic 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,275(1):71-79
Distribution of 137Cs, 40K and 7Be in tissues of the silver fir-tree was studied. Samples of the shoots were taken at six locations in Croatia during five
years. Shoots were cut according to the year of growth and analyzed. Distribution between needles and twigs was also studied.
Samples of the tree rings and the bark were taken at three locations. 137Cs and 40K showed very similar distributions. 137Cs and 40K activities were age-dependent and increased in decreasing age of twigs and needles. The highest activities were measured
in the youngest twigs. The highest 7Be activities were found in the twigs. 相似文献
8.
T. Nakanishi M. Kusakabe T. Aono M. Yamada 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,279(3):769-776
A technique to determine concentrations of 32P, 33P and 7Be in dissolved and particulate forms, in the upper ocean was developed. By using a large volume in situ filtration and concentration
system (LV-FiCS), several tons of seawater at different depths were filtered concurrently through two kinds of filters. The
dissolved radionuclides were concentrated onto adsorbents in the LV-FiCS. The radionuclides obtained were further purified
by precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, and quantified by gamma-spectrometry and ultra-low level liquid scintillation
counter measurements. The technique was used with good results in a coastal area of Ibaraki, Japan. 相似文献
9.
P. Vesterbacka S. Klemola K. Salahel-Din M. Saman 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,281(3):441-448
An intercomparison of the methodology (alpha, beta and gamma spectrometry) used for 238U, 235U and 210Pb determination was carried out based on 38 sediment samples. The activity range of the samples varied from 10–700 Bq/kg
for 210Pb, 1–35 Bq/kg for 235U and 10–800 Bq/kg for 238U. Results obtained using the three methods were not statistically different at high activity levels, but agreement between
the results decreased at lower sample activity levels. For 210Pb, the smallest difference was found between alpha and gamma spectrometry. A good correlation between results from alpha
and gamma spectrometry was observed over the whole activity range. In beta spectrometry, the results were slightly higher
than those obtained by alpha or gamma spectrometry due to the impurity of 228Ra. In 238U analysis, good correspondence was observed between 238U determined by gamma and alpha spectrometry, particularly at higher 238U activity concentrations over 100 Bq/kg. In 235U analysis, attention needs to be paid to interference from 226Ra and its reduction. 相似文献
10.
A. Gopalakrishna G. N. Kim H. Naik K. Kim B. K. Nayak Muhammad Zaman 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2018,316(2):561-569
The production cross-section of the medical isotope, 99Mo from the enriched 100Mo(n,2n) reaction with the average neutron energies of 21.9 and 26.5 MeV has been determined for the first time by using an off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The average neutron energies were generated by using the 9Be(p,n) reaction with the proton energies of 35 and 45 MeV from the MC50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS) at Seoul, South Korea. The 100Mo(n,2n) reaction cross-section as a function of neutron energy was also calculated theoretically by using the computer code TALYS-1.8 and EMPIRE-3.2 Malta. The experimental results are in close agreement with the theoretical values from TALYS-1.8. However, the present data at the neutron energy of 21.9 MeV is slightly lower and at 26.5 MeV is higher than the values from EMPIRE-3.2 Malta. 相似文献
11.
Dimitrios C. Xarchoulakos Konstantina Kehagia Nikolaos Kallithrakas-Kontos Constantinos Potiriadis 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,312(2):285-292
For the first time, a radiological study for the dissolved 238U, 234U, 210Pb and 210Po was held in major Greek rivers across the country. 234U/238U activity ratios are above one in all samples and 210Po/210Pb activity ratios are respectively below the unit indicating the disequilibrium in the samples. Quite satisfactory correlations were observed among 234U and 238U as well as among 210Po and 210Pb values. Uranium isotopes were separated by ion exchange and electroplated on stainless steel plates. 210Po was spontaneously deposited on nickel plates, while 210Pb was indirectly determined through the ingrowth of 210Po. The sources were measured by a-spectrometry. 相似文献
12.
K. M. Rajashekara Y. Narayana K. Siddappa 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(2):379-388
The concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb have been measured in soil, sediment and rock samples collected from major rivers of coastal Karnataka, viz. Kali, Sharavathi
and Netravathi. The activity of 210Po and 210Pb in the samples were separated by radiochemical methods and the activity was counted using ZnS(Ag) alpha-counter. The activity
ratio of 210Po and 210Pb and the dependence of organic matter content on the activity of these radionuclides were studied. 相似文献
13.
14.
Marin Ayranov Dorothea Schumann 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(3):649-654
The station for pions cancer therapy was operated at PSI from 1980 to 1992. After a cooling time of 12 years it’s made of
copper beam dump was cut and samples were taken for analytical purposes. The sampling collected about 500 g of high active
copper chips that can be used for separation of exotic radionuclides. The analyses by gamma spectrometry, LSC and AMS showed
main nuclides present to be 60Co, 54Mn, 22Na, 65Zn, 26Al, 53Mn, 59Ni, 63Ni, 55Fe and 60Fe and 44Ti with a daughter nuclide 44Sc. In the frame of ERAWAST project a procedure combining selective precipitation and ion exchange for the separation of the
rare radionuclides from the copper beam dump was developed. The proposed separation procedure is easy for remote controlled
implementation in a hot cell. The ion exchange separation of Ni, Al, Mg, Ti and Fe was complete and high decontamination factors
for copper and cobalt were achieved. Based on the developed procedure a remotely controlled system for separation of exotic
radionuclides from the copper chips was set up. The full scale system was installed in a hot cell where high activity levels
can be handled. In order to evaluate the reliability and functionality of the system extensive tests have been done. During
the test period 13.86 g in total of the proton irradiated copper beam dump were processed for separation of 26Al, 59Ni, 53Mn, 44Ti and 60Fe. The results showed that the system was operational and the radionuclide separation was selective with high chemical yield.
The procedure manages as well the generated liquid wastes containing high level of 60Co activity. 相似文献
15.
Activity concentrations of 238U, 235U and 234U were determined in different sources of drinking water at the Obuasi gold mines and its surrounding areas in Ghana. Water
samples collected from the mines and its surrounding areas were analyzed using direct gamma-ray spectrometry and neutron activation
analysis. The 234U/238U and 235U/238U ratios were calculated and the mean values range from 1.27 to 1.38 and from 0.044 to 0.045 respectively. The average 234U/238U ratio was from 1.27 for groundwater to 1.38 for treated water, demonstrating the lack of equilibrium. The average 235U/238U activity ratio is 0.045, indicating that only natural uranium was detected in the samples investigated. 相似文献
16.
Robert Kandlbinder Robert Schupfner Otto S. Wolfbeis 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,283(1):69-73
The determination of 228Ra by means of γ-spectrometry, in material containing significant quantities of 40K and Ca2+ such as bone ash results in increased values of counting uncertainty and lower limit of detection (LLD) because of a significant
contribution from the Compton continuum of 40K. However, 40K is widely removed from bone ash if 228Ra is coprecipitated with barium sulfate. As a result, the counting uncertainty and LLD are significantly reduced. A method
is presented for determination of very low activity concentrations of 228Ra. Impurities introduced by precipitation are negligible when applying high resolution γ-spectrometry. 相似文献
17.
Jerome J. La Rosa Jerzy W. Mietelski Eric Wyse 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,283(2):385-387
Described are results and the procedure for a pilot study on 237Np content in forest litter samples from Poland in relation to their plutonium activity. Neptunium was determined by inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Pu by alpha spectrometry. Two samples originated from a location with pure global
fallout and two others from a place with about 65% of the plutonium from Chernobyl. Plutonium activities were determined twice:
at Krakow and in Monaco. The two results were consistent and 239 + 240Pu activities ranged from about 1 to about 7 Bq/kg dry weight (dw). The chemical recovery for Np was between 27 and 89%. Results
for 237Np activity concentrations were between 0.099 ± 0.005 and 2.21 ± 0.076 mBq/kg dw. Observed activity ratios were lower than
expected and could be explained by fractionation of Np against Pu in forest litter. 相似文献
18.
N. Momoshima M. Sayad M. Yamada M. Takamura H. Kawamura 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2005,266(3):455-460
Summary Global fallout levels of 99Tc and 137Cs of surface seawater in the Pacific Ocean were measured. The 99Tc concentrations ranged from 0.62 to 3.33 mBq. m-3and 5 of 6 samples showed less than 1 mBq. m-3except one sample taken in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The 137Cs concentrations ranged from 2.13 to 3.14 Bq. m-3, showing a gradual decrease in the North Pacific toward the equator and a constant level in the South Pacific. The 99Tc/137Cs activity ratios ranged from 2.5. 10-4to 2.9. 10-4, which is very close to that calculated theoretically from the fission yield. 相似文献
19.
I. I. Dovhyi D. A. Kremenchutskii V. Yu. Proskurnin O. N. Kozlovskaya 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,311(3):1643-1648
90Y was separated from 90Sr using an extraction chromatographic resin consisting of 4, 4′(5′)-bis-t-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (C2mimNTf2), and a polymer (Amberlite XAD-7). Ionic liquid was introduced into the column to improve the separation efficiency. The column showed an excellent performance for the separation of Y from Sr. After the separation, the ratio of 90Sr/90Y was <2.0 × 10?5; the column was recycled for >18 times. This study provides preliminary results on columns to produce 90Y with a high purity in radiopharmaceuticals. 相似文献
20.
Claudia Landstetter Christian Katzlberger 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,282(2):467-471
Screening measurements for 3H, 226Ra, 222Rn and 238U in ground water were performed within a ground- and drinking water project in Austria. The aim of this project is to get
an overview of the distribution of natural radionuclide activity concentration levels in ground water bodies. In some cases
this water is used for drinking water abstraction. In this paper methods and results of the screening measurements are presented.
Regions with high activity concentrations were identified and in these regions further investigation for 228Ra, 210Pb and 210Po will be conducted. 相似文献