ICP-MS法测定菊花茶中砷镉铜铅锌

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,对菊花茶中微量元素砷、铅、镉、铜、锌进行了分析。用HNO3-H2O2消解样品,通过在线加入内标校正基体效应和接口效应,通过修正方程校正质量数干扰。测定元素校正曲线的相关系数都在0.999 5以上,各元素的检出限在0.020~0.14μg.L-1,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~4.3%(n=10),加标回收率在93.9%~101.6%之间。用此方法测定茶叶标准物质GBW 07605,结果与标准值基本一致。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定重晶石中的微量元素

重晶石样品(0.200 0~0.250 0g)经氢氟酸(6mL)、盐酸(3mL)和硝酸(1mL)溶样,蒸干,最后用盐酸(1+3)溶液4mL溶解残渣,加水定容至100mL。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中锶、铝、钙、镁、钾、钠、铜、铅、锌等9种微量元素的含量。用一级标准物质(GBW07811、GBW 07814、GWB 07812)绘制标准曲线,以铼为内标物。方法的检出限在2.2×10-7~1.51×10-6之间。方法用于实样分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.2%~3.8%之间。应用此方法分析了4种重晶石标准物质(GBW 07813、GBW 07815、GBW 07816、GBW 07817),所得测定值与认定值相符。用标准加入法做方法的回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%~120%之间。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定人发中10种微量元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法快速测定人发铝、铬、砷、锰、镍、铜、镉、钡、铅、汞10种微量元素的分析方法。通过优化试样前处理手段,以Sc、Ge、In、Bi为内标元素,用ICPMS法测定人发标准物质中的10种微量元素,同时进行精密度,准确度以及人发样品中加标回收实验,验证检测方法的适用性。结果表明,用微波消解-ICP-MS法同时测定10种微量元素标准曲线线性关系较好(r0.999 4),元素检出限为0.002~0.012μg/L,样品加标回收率在92.4%~112%,验证微波消解-ICP-MS法是较为理想的人发样品检测分析方法。     

镍-铬-铁-铌合金中5种元素的测定方法研究

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定Ni-Cr-Fe-Nb合金中Mo、Co、Cu、Mn、Ti等5种微量元素。并对样品溶解方法,基体和共存元素的影响进行了研究。当样品溶液为2.5 mg/mL时,方法标准加入回收率在98.0%~104.5%之间,相对标准偏差10%(n=6)。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素北大核心CSCD

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸三酸消解后,以103 Rh为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素。采用标准物质制备工作溶液绘制校正工作曲线消除质谱干扰,通过控制样品的稀释因子消除非质谱干扰。各元素的线性范围为0.20~200mg·kg^(-1),检出限在0.03~0.09 mg·kg^(-1)之间。方法用于分析岩石标准物质,测定值与认定值的相对误差在-6.7%~8.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~5.9%之间。实际样品中15种稀土元素的测定值的相对标准偏差在3.8%~12%之间。     

湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定鱼饲料中19种微量元素

采用湿法消解处理样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定鱼饲料中Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb、As等19种微量元素的方法。通过优化ICP-AES仪器的各项参数,在所选的条件下,所测元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,加标回收率范围为90.7%~107%,相对标准偏差在0.48%~9.7%。采用国家标准物质"GBW07602(GSV-1)"验证,测定值与标准值相符。方法简单快捷,准确可靠,适合鱼饲料中微量元素的日常分析。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸三酸消解后,以103 Rh为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素。采用标准物质制备工作溶液绘制校正工作曲线消除质谱干扰,通过控制样品的稀释因子消除非质谱干扰。各元素的线性范围为0.20~200mg·kg~(-1),检出限在0.03~0.09 mg·kg~(-1)之间。方法用于分析岩石标准物质,测定值与认定值的相对误差在-6.7%~8.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~5.9%之间。实际样品中15种稀土元素的测定值的相对标准偏差在3.8%~12%之间。     

五阀七柱气相色谱法快速测定进口天然气的组分

利用气相色谱仪,通过5个转动阀,7根色谱柱和3个检测器,建立了五阀七柱气相色谱分析系统,实现了进口天然气中多种组分的同时测定。方法用于天然气标准物质和样品的分析,分析天然气标准样品的测定结果与认定值相比,误差在-0.015%~0.020%之间,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.020%~22%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人血浆中20种微量元素

建立了人血浆样品中微量元素的ICP-MS测定方法。分析了100名健康成人和50名健康儿童血浆样品的20种微量元素,给出了参考值范围。该方法检出限为0.0001~1.60μg/L;精密度(RSD)介于0.78%~4.27%;多数元素回收率在100%±10%之内。方法简便(正常人血浆经超纯水,硝酸,TritonX-100,正丁醇稀释后直接测定其中的微量元素),快速,样品用量少(血浆0.2mL),可作为人体内多种微量元素的监测方法,同时为人血浆中微量元素正常值范围的确定提供了参考依据。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法同时测定烟用香精中24种微量元素

采用微波消解处理样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱检测的方法同时测定了8种烟用香精样品中的24种微量元素。方法以锗和钍作为内标消除基体效应,采用灌木枝叶标准物质(GBW07602)对方法进行验证。结果表明:24种微量元素的检测限在0.004～1.078ng/mL之间;相对标准偏差均小于10%;回收率在84.46%～108.85%之间。该法操作简单、分析快速、灵敏度高、准确度好,适合批量香精样品中微量元素的检测。     

Determination of cadmium,mercury and lead in coal fly ash by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-ID-ICP-MS) has been applied to the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in coal fly ash samples. Thioacetamide (TAC) was used as the modifier. Since the sensitivities of the elements studied in coal fly ash slurry and aqueous solution were quite different, isotope dilution method was used for the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in these coal fly ash samples. The isotope ratios of each element were calculated from the peak areas of each injection peak. This method has been applied to the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in NIST SRM 1633a coal fly ash reference material and a coal fly ash sample collected from Kaohsiung area. Analysis results of reference sample NIST SRM 1633a coal fly ash agreed satisfactorily with the certified values. The other sample determined by isotope dilution and method of standard additions was agreed satisfactorily. Precision was better than 6% for most of the determinations and accuracy was better than 4% with the USS-ETV-ID-ICP-MS method. Detection limits estimated from standard addition curves were in the range of 24–58, 6–28 and 108–110 ng g⁻¹ for Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively.     

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis of fly ash from Bulgarian coal-fired power plants

The contents of Cl, Ca, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ba and Pb in raw coal fly ash from five Bulgarian power plants were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), using gallium as the internal standard. The samples were analysed as in slurry form in Triton? X-114. The experimental parameters, such as grain size, concentrations of fly ash slurry and excitation time were optimised. For validation of the method, the certified reference material BCR-176R fly ash was used. The precision of the results obtained is characterised by a relative standard deviation of approximately 10%. The resulting data confirm the suitability of TXRF for the simultaneous determination of major, minor and trace elements in coal fly ash samples. Further advantages provided by TXRF are easy sample preparation (no sample dissolution) and the small sample amount required for analysis.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of coal and its combustion residues from a power plant

A growing demand of electrical energy derived from coal combustion led to a significant increase of coal ash as residues. Approximately 70 % of the fly ashes are recycled, while most of the bottom ashes have been land-filled in the ash pond in Korea. In this work, to evaluate the potential impacts of the residues from a coal power plant on the environment, its inorganic elemental components were determined by INAA and PGAA. Coal ash samples were collected from the biggest power plant complex in Korea. These samples were analyzed by using the NAA facilities in the HANARO research reactor of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. A total of 31 elements were analyzed in the samples, and certified reference materials were used for the analytical quality control. The enrichment status of a given metal in fuel coal and ashes was investigated by its concentration ratio. In order to assess the impact of the coal combustion residues on ecosystem, their concentrations determined for each respective type of the samples were compared to both reference data and nearby beach sand samples.     

A rapid ultrasound-assisted thiourea extraction method for the determination of inorganic and methyl mercury in biological and environmental samples by CVAAS

A rapid ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure for the determination of total mercury, inorganic and methyl mercury (MM) in various environmental matrices (animal tissues, samples of plant origin and coal fly ash) has been developed. The mercury contents were estimated by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). Inorganic mercury (IM) was determined using SnCl₂ as reducing agent whereas total mercury was determined after oxidation of methyl mercury through UV irradiation. Operational parameters such as extractant composition (HNO₃ and thiourea), sonication time and sonication amplitude found to be different for different matrices and were optimized using IAEA-350 (Fish homogenate), IM and MM loaded moss and NIST-1633b (Coal fly ash) to get quantitative extraction of total mercury. The method was further validated through the analysis of additional certified reference materials (RM): NRCC-DORM2 (Dogfish muscle), NRCC-DOLT1 (Dogfish liver) and IAEA-336 (Lichen). Quantitative recovery of total Hg was achieved using mixtures of 5% HNO₃ and 0.02% thiourea, 10% HNO₃ and 0.02% thiourea, 20% HNO₃ and 0.2% thiourea for fish tissues, plant matrices and coal fly ash samples, respectively. The results obtained were in close agreement with certified values with an overall precision in the range of 5-15%. The proposed ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure significantly reduces the time required for sample treatment for the extraction of Hg species. The extracted mercury species are very stable even after 24 h of sonication. Closed microwave digestion was also used for comparison purposes. The proposed method was applied for the determination of Hg in field samples of lichens, mosses, coal fly ash and coal samples     

循环流化床燃煤锅炉中的汞迁移研究

采用美国环保署颁布的吸附剂吸附汞采样方法30B(USEPA 40 CFR Part 60 30B)采集燃煤烟气中汞。选择一循环流化床燃煤机组进行现场采样,吸附剂吸附烟囱处烟气中的汞、入炉煤样、锅炉底灰、静电除尘器飞灰等样品同时采集。对该机组中汞质量平衡率进行衡算,通过汞质量平衡率说明了汞采样方法的准确性和有效性。评价了汞在飞灰、底灰和烟气中的分布,循环流化床锅炉底灰中对脱汞的贡献率仅0.55%,飞灰脱除汞的效率高达83.37%,剩余的16.08%的汞排放入大气环境,表明循环流化床机组是有效控制汞的清洁煤燃烧技术。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定煤焦灰分中主次组分

采用玻璃熔融法制样,选用标准样品及其与其他标准样品的混合物制作工作曲线,并以经验α系数校正元素重叠干扰和基体效应,用X射线荧光光谱法对煤焦灰分中的二氧化硅、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化锰、二氧化钛和氧化亚铁等7种主次组分进行测定。该法分析结果与化学法测定值相符;对同一样品测定6次,各组分测定值的相对标准偏差在0.11%～5.8%之间。     

Chemical modifiers for direct determination of cobalt in coal combustion residues by ultrasonic slurry-sampling-ETAAS

Five modifiers were tested for the direct determination of cobalt in coal fly ash and slag by ultrasonic slurry-sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (USS-ETAAS).The furnace temperature programs and the appropriate amount for each modifier were optimized to get the highest signal and the best separation between the atomic and background signals. Nitric acid (0.5% v/v) was the most adequate chemical modifier for cobalt determination, selecting 1,450 degrees C and 2,100 degrees C as pyrolysis and atomization temperatures, respectively. This modifier also acts as liquid medium for the slurry simplifying the procedure. The remaining modifiers enhanced the background signal, totally overlapped with cobalt peak. The method optimized gave a limit of detection of 0.36 microg g(-1), a characteristic mass of 13 +/- 1 pg and an overall-method precision which is highly satisfactory (<7%, RSD). The method was validated by analyzing two certified coal fly ash materials, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained (83-90%) and no statistical differences were observed between the experimental and the certified cobalt concentrations. Additionally, certified sediment, soil and urban particulate matter were assayed; again good results were obtained. The developed methodology was used to determine cobalt in several coal combustion residues from five Spanish power plants.     

Determination of Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in fly ash samples by ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-ICP-MS) has been applied to determine Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in fly ash samples. The influences of instrument operating conditions and slurry preparation on the ion signals were reported. Pd and ascorbic acid were used as the mixed modifiers to enhance the ion signals. This method has been applied to determine Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in NIST SRM 1633a and 1633b coal fly ash reference materials and a fly ash sample collected locally. Since the sensitivities of the elements studied in slurry solution and aqueous solution were different slightly, analyte addition technique was used for the determination of Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in these samples. The As and Se analysis results of the reference materials agreed with the certified values. The results for which no certified value was available were also found to be in good agreement between the ETV-ICP-MS results and the reference values. The reference value was obtained by digesting the samples and analyzing the digested sample solutions by pneumatic nebulization Dynamic Reaction Cell™ (DRC) ICP-MS. The method detection limits estimated from analyte addition curves were about 0.23, 0.13, 0.17, 0.25 and 0.11 μg g⁻¹ for Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb, respectively, in original fly ash samples.     

Trace elemental composition of Nigerian coal measured by neutron activation analysis

The instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique has been used to determine 17 major, minor, and trace elements in samples of the three major sources of Nigerian coal. The NBS Standard Reference Material, Coal SRM 1632, was also analyzed, for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the method. The results obtained with it were in good agreement with the NBS certified values. The concentrations of the major elements determined for the Nigerian coal were found to be much lower than the mean values of those reported for coal samples from other parts of the world.     

Determination of arsenic in sediments, coal and fly ash slurries after ultrasonic treatment by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and trapping in an iridium-treated graphite tube

A simple and reliable method for the determination of arsenic in sediment and in coal without sample digestion, based on hydride generation from slurry samples is proposed. After grinding the samples to a particle size of 50 μm, the sample powder was mixed with aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid in an ultrasonic bath for 30 min. After diluting the mixture with hydrochloric acid, the slurry was allowed to stand for 48 h, and an aliquot was used for hydride generation with sodium borohydride. More than 80% of the arsenic was leached to the aqueous phase under these conditions, except for one sediment sample with very high silica content. The generated arsine was collected in a graphite tube, treated with 0.5 mg of iridium as a permanent modifier, and the arsenic determination was carried out by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The same tube could be used for at least 160 cycles without any re-treatment. The greatest advantage of the method was that only a minimum of reagents and sample handling were required, reducing the risks of contamination and/or analyte loss. However, the addition calibration technique had to be used in order to obtain results within the 95% confidence level for 11 certified reference materials, 5 sediments, 5 coals and one coal fly ash. One certified sediment slurry was spiked with the analyte and the resulting addition calibration curve was used for the analysis of the certified sediments. Similarly, one certified coal was used to obtain the addition calibration curve for the coal and coal fly ash samples. The recoveries of the certified values, except for one sediment, were between 91 and 115%. The limits of detection in the samples were 0.54 and 0.7 μg g⁻¹ for the coal and sediment samples, respectively, obtained for 1 ml of slurry containing 1 mg of sample.