Mixed-Ligand Complexation of Zinc and Cobalt(II) Complexonates with Amino Acids in an Aqueous Solution

The formation of mixed-ligand complexes in the M(II)–Nta and Ida–L systems (M = Co, Zn; L = His, Orn, Lys, Gly, Im, en), where Ida and Nta are the residues of iminodiacetic and nitrilotriacetic acids, was studied by pH-metry, calorimetry, and NMR spectroscopy. The thermodynamic parameters (logK, Δ _r G⁰, Δ _r H, Δ _r S) of formation for these complexes were determined at 298.15 K and an ionic strength I = 0.5 (KNO3). The most probable pattern of coordination between a complexone and an amino acid in mixed-ligand complexes was revealed.     

Mixed-Ligand Complex Formation Equilibria of Copper(II) with 6-Methylpicolinic Acid and Some Amino Acids

In this work, the ternary complex formation among copper(II), 6-methylpicolinic acid (H6Mepic) as primary ligand, and the amino acids aspartic acid (H₂Asp), glutamic acid (H₂Glu) and histidine (HHis) as secondary ligands, were studied in aqueous solution at 25 °C using 1.0 mol·dm^?3 KNO₃ as the ionic medium. Analysis of the potentiometric data using the least squares computational program LETAGROP indicates formation of the species [Cu(6Mepic)]⁺, Cu(6Mepic)(OH), [Cu(6Mepic)(OH)₂]^?, Cu(6Mepic)₂ and [Cu(6Mepic)₃]^? in the binary Cu(II)–H6Mepic system. In the ternary Cu(II)–H6Mepic–H₂Asp system the complexes [Cu(6Mepic)(H₂Asp)]⁺, Cu(6Mepic)(HAsp), [Cu(6Mepic)(Asp)]^? and [Cu(6Mepic)(Asp)(OH)]^2? were observed. In the case of the Cu(II)–H6Mepic–H₂Glu system the complexes Cu(6Mepic)(HGlu), [Cu(6Mepic)(Glu)]^?, [Cu(6Mepic)(Glu)(OH)]^2? and [Cu(6Mepic)(glu)(OH)₂]^3? were detected. Finally, in the Cu(II)–H6Mepic–HHis system the complexes [Cu(6Mepic)(HHis)]⁺, Cu(6Mepic)(His) and [Cu(6Mepic)(His)(OH)]^? were observed. The species distribution diagrams as a function of pH are briefly discussed.     

Extraction of Unprotected Amino Acids by Mixed-Ligand Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Chelates

Summary.  Six mixed-ligand Nickel(II) and Copper(II) chelates with square-planar geometry of the formula [Ni/Cu(O-O)(S-tmpn)]B(C₆H₅)₄ were prepared, where O-O represents acetylacetonate, tropolonate, or hinokitiolate and S-tmpn is (S)-tetramethyl-1,2-propanediamine. The compounds were investigated with respect to their function as receptor for unprotected amino acids, taking advantage of their high solubilities in non-polar organic solvents. In liquid-liquid extraction experiments between a 1,2-dichloroethane phase containing the metal chelates and an aqueous phase containing amino acids (rac-phenylglycine, rac-phenylalanine, or rac-tryptophan), the nickel(II) chelates effectively extracted amino acids from the aqueous phases under neutral conditions, forming octahedral ternary chelates. Received February 19, 2001. Accepted April 2, 2001     

Equilibrium Study of the Mixed Complexes of Copper(II) with Adenine and Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution

Solution equilibria of the systems Cu(II)-adenine (A)-amino acids (L) have been studied pH-metrically. The formation constants of the resulting mixed ligand complexes have been calculated at 25 °C and ionic strength 0.1 mol⋅dm⁻³ NaNO₃. Ternary complexes are formed by simultaneous reactions. The relative stability of each ternary complex was compared with that of the corresponding binary complexes in terms of Δlog ₁₀ K values. The concentration distribution of the complexes in solution was evaluated.     

The Structure of Phosphorylated Complexones and Their Complexes with Metals

Abstract

The stereochemistry and crystal chemistry of amino-alkylphosphonic and alkylidenediphosphonic complexones and corresponding metal complexonates was studied. The details of the structure of the complexones and protonated anions were revealed. Common features of the structure in comparison to the aminoalkylcarboxylic complexonas are discribed.     

Stabilities of the Ternary Complexes of Copper(II) with Substituted 1,10-Phenanthrolines and Some Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution

In this study the binary and ternary complexes of copper(II) with substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines [s-phen: 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen) and 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (nphen)] and l-amino acids [aa: l-phenylalanine (phe), l-tyrosine (tyr) and l-tryptophan (trp)] have been investigated using potentiometric methods in 0.1 mol·L^?1 KCl aqueous ionic media at 298.2 K. The protonation constants of the ligands and the stability constants of the binary and ternary complexes of Cu(II) with the ligands were calculated from the potentiometric data using the “BEST” software package. It was inferred that the aromatic 1,10-phenanthrolines act as a primary ligand in the ternary complexes, while the oxygen and nitrogen donor-containing amino acids are secondary ligands. The observed values of Δlog₁₀ K indicate that the ternary complexes are more stable than the binary ones, suggesting no interaction takes place between the ligands in the ternary complexes. The magnitudes of the measured stability constants of all of the ternary complexes are in the order [Cu(s-phen)(trp)]⁺ > [Cu(s-phen)(tyr)]⁺ > [Cu(s-phen)(phe)]⁺, which is identical to the sequence found for the binary complexes of Cu(II) with the amino acids. When the substituted 1,10-phenanthroline is changed, the stability constants of the ternary complexes decrease in the following order: [Cu(dmphen)(aa)]⁺ > [Cu(phen)(aa)]⁺ > [Cu(nphen)(aa)]⁺.     

Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands,CLXXVII. Dichlorido Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Long Chain Amino Acids and Amino Acid Amides

The synthesis of Cl₂Pt[NH₂(CH₂)_nCOOH]₂ (n = 5, 10) and the reactions of their carboxylic groups with H₂N(CH₂)₁₇CH₃, d ‐glucosamine, and (R,R)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane to give complexes with amino acid amides as ligands, are reported. Cl₂Pd(histidine) is coupled with amino alcohols to give Cl₂Pd(histidineamide) complexes.     

Thermodynamics of Mixed-Ligand Complex Formation of Mercury(II) Ethylenediaminetetraacetate with Ethylenediamine and Hexamethylenediamine in an Aqueous Solution

The thermodynamic parameters (logK, Δ _r G ⁰, Δ _r H, Δ _r S) of formation of the HgEdtaL^2?, HgEdtaHL^? and (HgEdta)₂L^4? complexes (L = NH₂(CH₂)₂NH₂, NH₂(CH₂)₆NH₂) have been determined by the calorimetric and pH-metric methods at 298.15 K and the ionic strength I = 0.5 (NaClO₄). The most probable coordination mode for the complexone and an ancillary ligand in the composition of the mixed complexes was discussed.     

Thermodynamics of the Mixed-Ligand Complex Formation of Mercury(II) Ethylenediaminetetraacetate with Dipyridine and Phenanthroline in Aqueous Solution

The formation of the mixed-ligand complexes HgEdtaL^2?, where L = 2,2′-dipyridine (Dipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), was studied by calorimetry and pH titration at 298.15 K and the ionic strength I = 0.5 (NaClO₄, KNO₃). The heats of the formation of the dipyridine and phenanthroline complexes of mercury(II) determined at 298.15 K and the ionic strength I = 0.1 (NaNO₃, KNO₃). A probable coordination mode of the ligands in a mixed complex was discussed.     

Electronic and ESR Spectra of Copper(II) Complexes with N,N-Dialkyl Amino Acids

Five N,N-dialkylamino acids were synthesised [4]: N,N-dimethylisoleucine (DMIL), N,N-dimethyl-alloisoleucine (DMAIL), N,N-dimethylvaline (DMV), N,N-diethyl-alanine (DEA), and N,N-diethylvaline (DEV), as well as their complexes with copper(II): Cu(DMIL)₂, Cu(DMAIL)₂, Cu(DMV)₂, Cu(DMIL)(DMV), Cu(DEA)₂, and Cu(DEV)₂. UV/VIS spectra of the complexes were recorded in CH₂Cl₂ solutions and the ESR spectra in CH₂Cl₂, CD₃OD, and D₂O solutions. By applying the analysis of variance, ESR spectra were shown to be influenced by the solvent and substituent differences, the former effect being related to the degree of covalency of the copper-ligand bonds. The effect of the ligand's spatial configuration (diastereoisomerism) upon the ESR spectrum of the complex was demonstrated and explained.     

Formation of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexes with Pyridine Oxime Ligands in Aqueous Solution

Complex formation equilibria involving pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde oxime (1), 1-(2-pyridinyl)ethanone oxime (2) and 6-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde oxime (3), HL, with zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions were studied in aqueous 0.1 M NaCl solution at 25° C by potentiometric titrations with a glass electrode. Experimental data were analysed with the least-squares computer program SUPERQUAD to determine the complexes formed and their stability constants. With Ligands 1 and 2 the sets of complexes for Zn(II) and Cd(II) are essentially the same, mono- and dinuclear oxime complexes and their deprotonated/hydrolysed products H_pM_q(HL)^2q+p _r. Owing to the steric requirements of the 6-methyl group, sets of complexes formed with 3 are distinctly different. For zinc(II), only dinuclear oximato species H_pZn₂(HL)^4q+p ₂ ( p = ? 2, ? 3, ? 4) are found, while for the larger cadmium(II) ion mononuclear oximato species CdL⁺ and CdL₂ are detected in addition to the dinuclear complex H_pCd₂(HL)^4q+p ₂ ( p = ? 3).     

Mixed-Ligand Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Structural Units of Polynuclear Systems

Spectral and kinetic parameters were studied for phosphine-bipyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes, namely, cis-[Ru(Bipy)₂(PPh₃)X](BF₄), cis-[Ru(Bipy)(Dppe)X₂], and cis-[Ru(Bipy)(Dppene)X₂] (where Bipy is 2,2"-bipyridyl, PPh₃is triphenylphosphine, Dppe is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, and Dppene iscis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene; X = CN^–, NO₂ ^–), in the frozen (77 K) alcohol glasses (EtOH–MeOH, 4 : 1). The energies of the singlet and triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer states d(Ru) *(Bipy) were found to increase in the order [Ru(Bipy)₂X₂] < [Ru(Bipy)₂(PPh₃)X]⁺< [Ru(Bipy)(Dppe)X₂] < [Ru(Bipy)(Dppene)X₂]. The luminescence quantum yields and the rate constants of the nonradiative deactivation of the lowest excited state ³MLCT increase in the same order.     

Thermodynamics of Formation of Ni(II) Valinate Complexes in Aqueous Solution

Heat effects are determined for complex formation in the system L-valine–Ni²⁺ ion in an aqueous solution at the ionic strength of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 (with KNO₃ as a supporting electrolyte) at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K using calorimetric method. Thermodynamic characteristics of formation of the Ni valinate complexes are calculated. The effect of a ligand structure on thermodynamic parameters of complexation reaction in a solution is considered.     

Formation of Copper-Containing Particles on the Quartz Surface as a Result of the Photolysis of Copper(II) Complexes with Amino Acids

Island copper-containing films consisting mainly of copper(I) oxide particles were obtained on a quartz surface by photochemical decomposition of copper(II) complex compounds with amino acids. The size and morphology of Cu₂O particles and their dependence on the photolysis duration and the amino acid nature contained in the complex were established. The films obtained by the complex [Cu(β-Ala)₂] photolysis have the highest photocatalytic activity in reactions of methyl orange photodecomposition.     

Water-Soluble Polynuclear Metallamacrocyclic Copper(II) and Lanthanide(III) Complexes Based on Amino Hydroxamic Acids

Data on the synthesis and structure of water-soluble polynuclear copper(II) and lanthanide(III) metallamacrocycles based on amino hydroxamic acids are presented. The structural features of the obtained 15-MC-5 metallacrown aqua complexes and their applicability as NMR contrast agents are considered. Additionally, the applicability as molecular precursors for the synthesis of nano-sized materials was demonstrated for Ce(III) compounds.     

Formation of Copper(II) Complexes with Low- and High-Methoxylated Pectins Modified with Salicylic and Anthranylic Acids

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Low- and high-methoxylated pectins were synthesized and modified with anthranilic and salicylic acids to obtain effective polymeric ligands. On their basis,...     

Synthesis,Properties and Crystal Structures of Mononuclear Copper(II) Complexes with Bis(2-Pyridylmethyl)Amino Acids

Tetradentate Schiff-base carboxylate-containing ligands, bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino-3-propionic acid (Hpmpa) and bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino-4-butyric acid (Hpmba), react with CuCl₂ to give rise to the mononuclear complexes [Cu(Hpmpa)Cl]Cl · 2H₂O (1) and [Cu(Hpmba)Cl₂]· H₂O (2). These complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetry. Crystal structure of (1) shows that the copper(II) ion has a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with the three nitrogen atoms of the Hpmpa ligand and one chloride anion occupying the basal plane and an oxygen atom from the carboxylate group coordinating the axial position. In (2), the coordination environment around the copper(II) ion reveals a distorted square-pyramids with three nitrogen atoms of the Hpmba ligand and one chloride anion that comprise the basal plane, whereas the apical position is filled by the chloride anion. Cyclic voltammetry of the complexes gives two one-electron waves corresponding to Cu^II/Cu^III and Cu^III/Cu^I processes. The electronic spectra and redox potentials of the complexes are influenced significantly by the N-pendant carboxylate groups.