几种诊断高能注量电子束参数的方法

简要分析了反映高能注量电子束品质的主要参数在诊断上的技术困难,重点介绍了高能注量电子束参数诊断的三种参数的测量方法,包括内过滤法对电子束瞬态有效入射角的测量、法拉第筒阵列对时间分辨的电子束流密度的测量和石墨量热计对电子束总能量的测量并校正。在闪光二号加速器二极管间隙电压为1.08MV和电流为484kA条件下,距阴极20.5cm处直接测量的总束能19.1kJ,经校正后为22kJ。测量还给出了不同时刻束截面上的径向和角向束流密度分布,而束斑中心处的能注量高于平均值约13%。在磁透镜比为3.5的条件下,电压峰值（1.2MV）时刻测得的电子平均入射角73°。实验和计算都表明,影响平均入射角的因素主要是电子能量、磁透镜比及靶位。     

Rensselaer heavy ion beam probe diagnostic methods and techniques

The operating principles, measurement capabilities, hardware, and data analysis techniques of heavy ion beam probe diagnostics as used by the Rensselaer Plasma Dynamics Lab are reviewed. The topics that are addressed include; trajectory calculations of the ion beams; how the diagnostic measures plasma density, electron temperature, electric potential, and magnetic vector potential; the energy analyzer used to detect the beam, other hardware used in the experiments, and the basic techniques used in fluctuation studies and related diagnostic issues     

合肥光源逐圈束流位置监测系统中的定时系统

定时系统是合肥光源逐圈束流位置监测和相空间测量系统中的重要组成部分，其主要目的是为数据采集卡提供与环内电子束团同步的时钟信号。该系统包含高速ECL时钟成形、分频电路、程控延时电路、控制模块等部分。可实现延时范围0～220ns，最小延时步距0.5ns，调整精度0.1ns，时钟抖动小于200ps。系统控制软件基于客户/服务器结构，操作灵活、方便。     

Regression analysis to evaluate the reliability of insulation diagnostic methods

The condition assessment of high voltage equipment requires reliable diagnostic measurements. The reliability of an insulation diagnostic method can be examined by accelerated laboratory tests besides the analysis of failure statistics. Laboratory tests are used to find appropriate diagnostic method to insulation or insulating material. The aim of these laboratory tests is to determine the correlation between the ageing and the measured parameters however, in many cases, the direct interaction between main deterioration processes and the examined phenomenon is not still clearly recognized. In this paper, parallel measurements of laboratory aged low voltage cables are evaluated by regression analysis.     

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots: Potential tools for new diagnostic methods

We present and discuss the application of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots for diagnostic purposes, with special emphasis for cancer. We prepared and applied core-shell cadmium sulfide-cadmium hydroxide (CdS/Cd(OH)₂) semiconductor quantum dots in aqueous medium. Tissue and cells labeling was evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy as well as by conventional fluorescence microscopy. The procedure presented in this work, shown to be a promising tool for fast, low-cost and precise cancer diagnostic protocols.     

使用红外干涉仪测量红外材料折射率

使用自行研制的泰曼型红外干涉仪测量红外材料的折射率.在干涉仪的测试臂中加一个旋转台,将被测件放在旋转台上旋转,在旋转过程中经过被测件的光程发生改变,导致干涉条纹发生移动,通过测量条纹的移动数和被测件的旋转角度来计算出被测件的折射率.测量结果显示,25°C时在10.6μm波段处锗单晶的折射率为4.003,硫系玻璃锗砷硒(GeAsSe)的折射率为2.494.折射率测量的误差在10-3量级,增加被测件的厚度会进一步提高折射率的测量准确度,待测红外材料的折射率越低,测量准确度越高.     

使用红外干涉仪测量红外材料折射率

使用自行研制的泰曼型红外干涉仪测量红外材料的折射率.在干涉仪的测试臂中加一个旋转台,将被测件放在旋转台上旋转,在旋转过程中经过被测件的光程发生改变,导致干涉条纹发生移动,通过测量条纹的移动数和被测件的旋转角度来计算出被测件的折射率.测量结果显示,25 °C时在10.6 μm波段处锗单晶的折射率为4.003,硫系玻璃锗砷硒（GeAsSe）的折射率为2.494.折射率测量的误差在10－3量级,增加被测件的厚度会进一步提高折射率的测量准确度,待测红外材料的折射率越低,测量准确度越高.     

Infrared detectors

The trend of development of both photon and thermal Infrared Detectors since World War II is discussed. Attention is concentrated on the 8–13μm region. The relevant merits of CdHgTe and PbSnTe detectors are compared in detail and up-to-date performance figures given. The present status of pyroelectric detectors is reviewed and the performance of both photon and thermal detectors in the heterodyne mode is reported.     

The comparison of the probe and spectroscopic diagnostic methods on the H2-O2 flame plasma

In this paper a comparison of electron temperature values obtained by Langmuir probes and these obtained by spectroscopical measurements is dealt with. The total pressure of the plasma is 1 atm so that the inequalities a, d hold. A set of measurements using a glass-blower lamp as a plasma source, a Zeiss Q 24 spectrograph and floating probes was carried out in order to determine the values of the electron temperature. From the results of the qualitative spectral analysis it is evident that for temperature determination we are obliged to use the molecular spectrum of OH radicals. The method is usable only if thermodynamical equilibrium between the electron gas and OH radicals occurs. Under this condition the agreement between both types of values is very good.The author wishes to express his thanks to professor A. von Engel for helpful discussion about problems discussed in the present paper.     

Infrared and Far Infrared Spectra of Crystalline Phenol-p-benzoquinone Complexes

The infrared and far infrared spectra of complexes formed between p-benzoquinone and phenol derivatives were studied in the crystalline state. The spectra showed the compounds to be weakly polar charge transfer complexes with hydrogen bonds. In the far infrared region hydrogen bond vibrations and internal vibrations forbidden in the free molecules were observed.     

红外微透镜阵列及其与MCT红外焦平面的集成

针对中短波碲镉汞（MCT）红外焦平面探测器的使用要求,设计了用于混合集成和单片集成且尺寸大小与探测器像元结构匹配的方形底折射微透镜阵列。采用热熔成形和（反应）离子柬刻蚀转移技术制作了多种红外材料微透镜,如Si、Ge、GaAs、蓝宝石以及红外玻璃（IRG-103和IRG-104）微透镜。针对混合集成和单片集成的不同要求,选用多种光刻胶如AZ6112和AZ6130等不同厚度的胶以及SUN-120P低熔点正型光刻胶,进行热熔和刻蚀实验,遴选分别适用于混合和单片集成的光刻胶。优化光刻胶和衬底材料的刻蚀速率比,得到高填充因子和合适光学参数的微透镜阵列。探究了SUN-120P低熔点正型光刻胶的特性和通过离子柬刻蚀转移视线实现零间距透镜的工艺。最后介绍了与MCT红外焦平面阵列器件的集成方式和工艺进展。     

Universal Infrared Radiometer

The structure of a universal IR-radiometer sensitive in the wavelength range 0.4 to 20 μm is described in the paper. The device allows measurement of weak photoelectric signals, at the intensity levels considerably lower than the internal noise level of IR detectors. Both mechanical and electrical chopping of radiation is used. An original approach to design of some units is suggested. The small chopper is used on the optical axis of the device, allowing its easy targeting. The radiometer has a broad dynamic range of IR intensity measurements.     

Infrared Microspectroscopy at SISSI,the ELETTRA Synchrotron Trieste Infrared Beamline

Infrared spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy have rapidly flourished using the advantages of InfraRed Synchrotron Radiation (IRSR), namely high brightness, broadband emission, linear and circular polarization and pulsed structure. InfraRed (IR) beamlines constructed at all synchrotron facilities provide a unique opportunity for a new class of experiments with significant multidisciplinary impact inaccessible to experimental equipment employing black body (globar) sources.     

Study on Infrared Spectral Radiance by Remote Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Infrared emission spectra emitted by high luminosity infrared pyrotechnics have been observed remotely using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The primary purpose of the study is to determine infrared spectral radiance distribution, their time—resolved spectra and integrated emission energy. The spectra have been recorded between 4000 – 800cm^?1 region with spectral resolution of 4cm^?1. The study is very important for many applications.     

Infrared Optical Fiber Sensors

Notably improved performance as well as extended application areas is expected in the technology of optical fiber sensors using infrared fibers that transmit radiation in a wavelength range beyond 2 μm. Measurement of infrared radiation is particularly important in thermometry and spectrometry. In these areas, the use of infrared fibers has been studied extensively not only as a transmission waveguide but also as a sensor chip. Of various infrared fibers, fluoride glass fibers exhibit the lowest transmission loss and hence are useful for remote sensing that requires light transmission over a long distance. The wide transmission range of chalcogenide glass fibers and halide crystalline fibers is valuable for thermometry in a low temperature range and for spectrometry of various molecules. Hollow waveguides are useful as a capillary flow cell that realizes fast-response spectrometry. The advantages and disadvantages of infrared fibers must be considered carefully in the development of fiber sensors. In this paper, the progress of infrared optical fiber sensors is reviewed with particular interest in thermometry and spectroscopy.     

Infrared cathodoluminescence of AlN

Measurements were made of cathode-ray excited infrared luminescence band of AlN powder in the temperature range 110 K to 535 K. The form of the temperature-dependent luminescence band and the temperature dependence of the band half-width were used in the determination of the value of the Huang-Rhys factor (S 2) as well as of the frequency of phonons (441 cm^–1) interacting with electron transition. A discussion is presented of the possibility of interaction between an infrared luminescence centre and branch of natural transverse acoustic vibrations of the AlN lattice.Na Slovance 2, Praha 8, Czechoslovakia.The author is indebted to Dr. J. Pastrák for valuable advice and suggestions concerning the measurement as well as the evaluation. Thanks are also due to Mr. J. Hejduk and Mr. J. Veselý for the preparation of AlN powders, and to Dr. V. Kohl for the setting-up of the programme and the computer calculations.