Dark soliton switching in an NLDC in the presence of higher-order perturbative effects

Dark soliton switching in a nonlinear directional coupler in the presence of intermodal dispersion, cross-phase modulation (CPM), third-order dispersion, Raman effect, and self-steepening effect is reported for the first time. It is shown that, with the exception of CPM, all of the other perturbative effects have almost no effect on the switching characteristics of the dark soliton switch, which is an improvement over the corresponding bright soliton switch. Although the CPM increases the critical power of dark soliton switching, the soliton pulse remains stable inside the coupler during its propagation.     

Vector soliton switching in a fiber nonlinear directional coupler

This paper reports a detailed numerical study of soliton switching in a high as well as low birefringent nonlinear coupler. It is shown that by controlling the polarization angle one can have nearly 100% transmission with excellent switching characteristics. It is shown that soliton remains stable during its propagation inside the coupler. However it is observed that high birefringent coupler exhibits relatively better soliton stability. We show that the coupler could be used as a soliton switch even at an input peak power less than the critical power, the power at which 50-50 power sharing takes place between the two cores, just by a judicious choice of the polarization angle.     

A comparative study of soliton switching in a two- and three-core coupler with TOD and IMD

A numerical study of soliton switching in a two- and three-core coupler is carried out taking into account the effect of intermodal dispersion and third-order dispersion. A two and three-core coupler with linear and triangular configuration is considered. It is found that the three-core coupler with linear configuration shows the best switching characteristics.     

Femtosecond pulse switching in a fiber coupler with third order dispersion and self-steepening effects

A numerical study of femtosecond pulse propagation and switching in a dual-core nonlinear directional coupler with the consideration of third order dispersion and self-steepening effects is reported. The Split Step Fourier Method (SSFM) is used to investigate the switching characteristics of nonlinear directional couplers. It is observed that the energy transfer from core to core is not affected by changing the input pulse shapes except super-Gaussian. While the normalized coupling co-efficient and the input peak power dominate the coupling characteristics, the effects of third order dispersion (TOD) and self-steepening (SS) are also reported.     

Soliton switching study using new normalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Soliton switching in a nonlinear directional coupler (NLDC) is studied by using new normalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSE). The resulted equations have one parameter κL_D only, this feature greatly simplifies the numerical study of soliton coupling in a NLDC, and it enables us to derive the soliton switching conditions based on numerical analysis. Numerical results show that most of the input soliton energy remains in the launched waveguide when input soliton normalized peak power is bigger than 2.5. It is contrary to the existing theoretical expectations which were derived using variational approach. The fundamental soliton switching conditions is also expressed in terms of input soliton pulse width. In addition, it is found that frequency chirp degrades soliton switching performance in a NLDC.     

Bistable soliton states and switching in doubly inhomogeneously doped fiber couplers

Switching between the bistable soliton states in a doubly and inhomogeneously doped fiber system is studied numerically. Both the cases of lossless as well as lossy couplers are considered. It is shown that both up-switching (from the low state to the high state) and down-switching (from the high state to the low state) of solitons between bistable states are realizable, if the amplification of the input soliton for up-switching and the extraction of energy from it for down-switching are suitably adjusted.     

色散条件下各向同性光纤中拉曼增益对光脉冲自陡峭的影响

基于光脉冲所满足的慢变函数,详细推导了包含拉曼增益的高阶非线性薛定谔方程,在考虑色散的条件下,运用分步傅里叶方法对其数值分析,进而模拟仿真了拉曼增益对高斯脉冲在各向同性光纤中传播时自陡峭效应的影响,并与不考虑拉曼增益的自陡峭效应作比较,从而得出拉曼增益在不同条件下对高斯脉冲自陡峭效应的具体影响方式.结果表明,拉曼增益会影响高斯脉冲的展宽、脉冲峰值衰减以及在前后沿的振荡,其影响程度与具体的自陡峭参数、脉冲功率和色散系数的大小有关.     

Effects of third-order dispersion on soliton switching in fiber nonlinear directional couplers

The split-step Fourier method is used to study the energy switching characteristics of fiber nonlinear directional couplers with the third-order dispersion. The effects of the third-order dispersion increases with the third-order dispersion coefficient and input power and result in pulse shift and energy decreases. Adding high-order nonlinear can partly overcomes these effects.     

具有高阶耦合色散系数三芯光纤耦合器非线性光开关特性的研究

利用两种方法研究了高速光脉冲在具有交叉相位调制的等边三角形排列结构的非线性三芯光纤耦合器中传输和开关特性.首先利用变分原理得到三纤芯中传输转移系数随距离变化的方程,然后利用分裂步长傅里叶方法求得了光脉冲的数值解.变分法和数值模拟的结果表明：当一阶模间色散系数较小时,光脉冲仍能在三芯之间周期性耦合传输,并且表现出良好的开关特性,但是随着一阶模间色散系数的增大,脉冲耦合传输的周期性和陡峭的开关特性都遭到破坏,光脉冲在传输中发生分裂;二阶耦合色散系数和初始啁啾都能使光脉冲传输时的耦合长度变短、光脉冲在三纤芯之间 关键词： 三芯光纤耦合器 模间色散系数 耦合长度 开关阈值功率     

Generation of time-dependent ultra-short optical pulse trains in the presence of self-steepening effect

Starting from the extended nonlinear Schr?dinger equation in which the self-steepening effect is included, the evolution and the splitting processes of continuous optical wave whose amplitude is perturbed into time related ultra-short optical pulse trains in an optical fibre are numerically simulated by adopting the split-step Fourier algorithm. The results show that the self-steepening effect can cause the characteristic of the pulse trains to vary with time, which is different from the self-steepening-free case where the generated pulse trains consist of single pulses which are identical in width, intensity, and interval, namely when pulses move a certain distance, they turn into the pulse trains within a certain time range. Moreover, each single pulse may split into several sub-pulses. And as time goes on, the number of the sub-pulses will decrease gradually and the pulse width and the pulse intensity will change too. With the increase of the self-steepening parameter, the distance needed to generate time-dependent pulse trains will shorten. In addition, for a large self-steepening parameter and at the distance where more sub-pulses appear, the corresponding frequency spectra of pulse trains are also wider.     

单模光纤中三阶色散对超短光脉冲传输的影响

基于超短光脉冲在单模光纤中传输时高阶非线性效应的影响。应用非线性薛定谔方程(HONLS)理论,考虑光纤色散三阶效应,推导出无啁啾的高斯脉冲沿光纤传输时脉冲变化的表达式,并对理论结果进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明,三阶色散会引起光脉冲形状发生畸变,会在其前沿或后沿附近形成非对称的振荡结构。     

Nonlinear Refractive Index of Er3+-Doped Fiber and Its Application to Nonlinear Fiber Coupler

A large change in the refractive index originating in the transition absorption of erbium ions is induced in an Er³⁺-doped fiber. It is shown that the Er³⁺-doped fiber exhibits the nonlinear refractive index of n₂=7.4 × 10⁻¹⁵ m²/W, which is 10⁵−10⁶ times larger than that caused by the optical Kerr effect in a usual silica fiber at the pumping, wavelength of 514.5 nm. The large nonlinear refractive index occurred in a fiber directional coupler fabricated with the Er³⁺-doped fiber optically changes the coupling condition. The coupling ratio changes up to 0.16 by increasing the pumping power up to 0.7 mW.     

Logic Gates Based in Asymmetric Couplers: Numerical Analysis

Abstract

In this work, we present a numerical investigation of the transmission and switching of fundamental solitons in asymmetric nonlinear directional couplers, constructed with dispersion decreasing fibers (DDF). In this configuration, the coupler consists of two separated parallel fibers, one with a DDF profile and the other with a constant profile. We obtained the characteristics of transmission, extinction ratio, and compression factor of the device.

The truth tables for the logic gates AND, OR, and XOR were obtained. We concluded that the device presenting a constant profile provided the best performance of the studied logic gates. Logic gates AND, OR, and XOR operating with extinction coefficient around 16.6 dB were obtained.     

Study of femtosecond soliton dynamics in photonic crystal fiber using the moment method

We investigate the dynamics of femtosecond solitons in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by including high-order dispersion terms until to sixth-order in the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, in addition to the nonlinear effects of the self phase modulation, self steepening and Raman scattering. We calculate theoretically the pulse parameters using the moment method. In the case of the fundamental soliton, our computed equations are coupled and difficult to solve analytically. However, we use the finite difference method to calculate numerically pulse parameters using an initially hyperbolic secant pulse at 1550-nm with different peak powers along 10m-PCF. Our numerical results show that the nonlinear regimes allow obtaining pulse compressions and initial pulse amplitudes. Furthermore, we remark a pulse broadening, and weak shifts of the peak power positions and frequencies in the critical and dispersive regimes. The use of an initial chirp provides a better pulse compressions and especially for low input powers. Also, the initial positive chirp reduces the optimal compression position lengths, while the negative one increases them. Therefore, we conclude that our theoretical calculations and numerical simulation results show that the moment method associated with the finite differences method is effective for the study of femtosecond pulse dynamics in PCFs.     

Influence of group—velocity mismatch on soliton switching in a nonlinear fibre coupler

In this work, the influence of group-velocity mismatch on soliton self-routing pulse switching in a nonlinear fibre coupler is discussed in detail by the use of both variational approach and numerical simulation. The results obtained show that the group-velocity mismatch leads to the relative displacement between the two orthogonal polarization modes, increase of the critical power, and reduction of the elimination-light ratio. For sub-ps pulse, the influence cannot be neglected.     

基于介孔TiO_2薄膜等离子体波导的拉曼光谱技术研究

利用溶胶-凝胶分子模板法在表面覆金的玻璃基底上制备275 nm厚的介孔二氧化钛(TiO_2)薄膜,形成等离子体波导(PW)传感芯片.利用菲涅耳公式拟合实验测得的导模共振波长,得出TiO_2薄膜的多孔度约为0.589.基于光学互易定理仿真分析了置于介孔导波层中的电偶极子的拉曼辐射角分布,结果表明:辐射到衬底中的拉曼光包含沿导模共振角辐射的定向信号和辐射角小于全反射角的非定向信号;前者需借助棱镜耦合器才能被探测到,后者可从芯片背面直接被探测到;从导波层直接辐射到空气中的拉曼光称为背向信号,它的角分布呈发散式,几乎不受棱镜耦合器影响;定向信号的最大功率值远大于非定向信号和背向信号的相应值.实验研究了吸附于介孔导波层中的结晶紫分子的拉曼光谱,采用体光束激发方式探测到了定向、非定向和背向拉曼信号,定向信号强度的最大值是非定向信号的2倍多,在使用棱镜耦合器前后测得的背向信号强度几乎不变.     

三阶色散和受激拉曼散射效应对呼吸孤子作用的相互平衡

以高阶复系数Ginzburg-Landau方程为模型,就高阶非线性效应(比如:三阶色散、自陡峭、自频移等)对呼吸孤子传输特性的影响进行了详细的分析,结果表明:当各高阶非线性效应单独作用时,可能会导致呼吸孤子形状的不对称或脉冲中心偏移等现象,但是,当它们共同作用于呼吸孤子时,适当的参数选取可以使它们对呼吸孤子的影响相互抵消,从而使呼吸孤子实现保型传输。     

Plasmonic modulator utilizing three parallel metal-dielectric-metal waveguide directional coupler and elasto-optic effects

We report, for the first time, on the design of a plasmonic modulator working on the principle of the elasto-optic effects in a directional coupling structure, utilizing three parallel metal-dielectric-metal waveguides. We propose to achieve the active switching of the power propagation using the elasto-optic effect and optimize the extinction ratio of the optical modulation. The device is characterized and numerically analyzed using the finite-element-method at the wavelengths of 1.55 μm. For the modulator length of 2.33 μm, the extinction ratio of the modulation is nearly 14 dB, and the calculated attenuation loss is 4.5 dB. The calculated driving voltage is 4.8 V for the given modulator. The effect of the applied voltage on the modulation is also analyzed.     

各向同性光纤中拉曼增益对光脉冲自陡峭的影响

运用数学解析法导出了关于拉曼增益与自陡峭综合效应的光脉冲传输方程,在此基础上引入洛伦兹模型将拉曼增益整合到非线性系数中来研究光脉冲中拉曼增益对自陡峭效应的作用,重点分析了高斯脉冲在各向同性光纤中传播时,拉曼增益对其自陡峭效应具体影响方式,结果表明拉曼增益会减弱自陡峭中后沿偏移程度,减小脉冲展宽,但不会影响其峰值大小.     

拉曼散射与自陡峭效应对皮秒孤子传输特性的影响

通过求解包含拉曼增益和自陡峭效应的高阶非线性薛定谔方程, 运用MATLAB模拟了拉曼增益和自陡峭效应共同作用对孤子脉冲在各向同性光纤中传输特性的影响, 结果表明, 自陡峭效应会导致孤子产生时域位移, 而且会使高阶孤子产生孤子分裂现象. 与此同时, 拉曼增益改变了孤子的传输特性, 抑制了自陡峭效应, 从而导致脉冲宽度增大、脉冲偏移程度减弱、高阶孤子分裂成基阶孤子所需的传输距离增大.