辉光放电等离子体处理阳离子染料结晶紫废水

用辉光放电等离子体技术对结晶紫进行了降解脱色处理,考察了多种因素对结晶紫降解效果的影响。实验发现,提高电解质浓度和增加电压均可提高结晶紫的脱色效果,考虑到电极损耗,辉光放电最佳条件为:电解质浓度为2 g/L Na2SO4,电压为600 V。当改变溶液的初始pH值时,结晶紫的脱色率随溶液的初始pH值升高而增加,加入一定量H2O2能明显地提高结晶紫的脱色效率;若加入0.4 mmol/L Fe2 ,5 min时结晶紫的脱色率由原来的13.64%增加到91.36%。结果表明,辉光放电产生的.OH对结晶紫的降解起重要作用。最佳条件下,40 min内的脱色率达到93%,降解率为74%。     

超声波辐照和臭氧氧化协同降解废水中的结晶紫

采用超声波辐照、臭氧氧化以及超声波辐照-臭氧氧化降解废水中的结晶紫;考察了废水初始pH、超声波功率和频率、氧气流量、反应温度等因素对降解效率的影响.结果表明:超声波和臭氧对结晶紫的降解具有协同作用;当废水溶液初始质量浓度为200mg.L-1、pH为10.0时,控制超声波功率和频率分别为100 W和30kHz,氧气流量为0.4L.min-1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为90 min,则总有机碳(TOC)的去除率可达89.2%,相应的一级反应速率常数为2.38×10-2min-1.     

用薄层色谱法分离结晶紫染料中杂质的研究

结晶紫是三苯甲烷染料中具有代表性的化合物。它有多方面的性能,例如,它是有机半导体化合物有机光导体的增感剂。也是电子共振理论的研究对象。近年来,关于萤光衰减和激光“烧洞”等方面的工作,都需用纯度很高的样品。关于用色谱法分析和分离的工作,已有一些报道。本文报道的是关于使用国产的硅胶粉,制     

膨润土对结晶紫的吸附

用分光光度、显微电泳和ｘ－射线衍射等方法研究了膨润土对结晶紫的吸附；实验表明，钙型膨润土在吸收结晶紫溶液时，加入钠盐可明显改善吸附效果。     

声化学在不污染控制中的应用研究现状

简要介绍了声化学在水体中难降解有毒有机污染物治理方面的应用研究现状。     

碳纳米管对结晶紫的吸附研究

研究了碳纳米管对溶液中结晶紫的吸附性能,考察了溶液浓度、溶液p H、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对吸附行为的影响,初步探讨了碳纳米管对结晶紫的吸附机理。结果表明,碳纳米管对结晶紫的吸附量随着溶液初始浓度的增大而升高;酸性条件有利于吸附的进行,最佳p H等于5;对结晶紫的吸附在3h达到平衡,吸附速率常数为779.76h-1;温度的变化对结晶紫的吸附量影响不大。通过Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程对吸附进行拟合,平衡吸附量Qe与平衡质量浓度Ce之间的关系符合Freundlich等温吸附方程所描述的规律,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主。     

磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附性能研究

本文研究了磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附特性,考察了pH、吸附剂用量、结晶紫浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。磁性石墨烯吸附结晶紫符合准二级动力学模型。不同温度下磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附等温线满足Langmuir方程(R20.99)、Freundlich方程(R20.97)以及D-R模型(R20.96)。吸附热力学计算结果表明该吸附过程的△G0,并且随着温度升高△G越来越小,表明该吸附反应是自发进行的吸热反应。     

结晶紫极谱行为研究

研究了在HOAc-NaOAc(pH 5.6)缓冲溶液中,结晶紫的极谱行为和极谱波的性质。结晶紫在-0.92 V(vs.SCE)处产生良好的极谱波,并记录了Ip″对电极电位的极谱图。研究结果显示I″p与结晶紫浓度在1.0×10-6~1.6×10-5mol.L-1之间呈线性关系,反应的最佳pH范围为5.3~5.8,采用单扫描极谱方法研究了结晶紫的极谱行为,证明了该波为不可逆还原吸附波,电子转移数和质子转移数均为2,探讨了电极反应机理。     

用结晶紫测定DNA 的分光光度法

研究了结晶紫与ＤＮＡ的可见吸收光谱和提出了测定ＤＮＡ的分光光度法。在ｐＨ９．５６的条件下,加入ＤＮＡ后结晶紫在５８９ｎｍ的最大吸收峰强度显著下降,下降程度与ＤＮＡ的含量呈线性关系,确定了实验的最佳条件,ＤＮＡ线性响应范围为０～５ｍｇ／Ｌ,检出限１９．５μｇ／Ｌ。该法简便,快速,具有较高的选择性,对合成样品中ＤＮＡ的测定结果令人满意。     

结晶紫分光光度法测定蛋白质的含量

在pH=4.0的Tris-HC l缓冲溶液中,结晶紫与蛋白质结合形成稳定的深红色配合物,该配合物的最大吸收波长为575 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.25×105L/(mol.cm),蛋白质含量在0.0~80.0μg/mL范围内服从朗伯比耳定律,检出限为6.47μg/mL,回收率为97%~101%。将该法用于豆浆、牛奶等总蛋白质含量的测定,测定结果与凯氏法测定结果基本一致。     

CdSe/泡沫镍薄膜电极对结晶紫的光电催化降解

采用恒电位电沉积法,以泡沫镍为基底电极,制备了CdSe/泡沫镍薄膜电极,采用扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见漫反射光谱和能谱分析表征了CdSe薄膜的形貌及其组成。应用该电极研究结晶紫溶液在光电催化降解过程中的COD去除率。结果表明,以白炽灯(100 W,2只)为光源,采用电沉积30 min所得的CdSe/泡沫镍薄膜电极为工作电极,外加偏压为0.4 V(vs.SCE),0.01 mol/L NaCl为电解质,光电催化降解浓度为0.001 g/L的结晶紫溶液120 min,COD去除率达到84.3%。     

Sonochemical Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aqueous Solution

Ultrasonic waves in a liquid induce the formation of cavitation bubbles. Submitted to an oscillating pressure field, cavities filled with vapor and dissolved gas pulsate, grow and implode violently when they reach a critical resonant size. According to the 慼ot spot?theory, extremely high temperature and pressure are produced during the collapse of cavitation bubbles1. Under these extreme conditions, the molecules vaporized in the bubbles as well as in the surrounding condensed layer could …     

结晶紫内酯合成工艺的研究进展

结晶紫内酯(CVL)的合成方法一般是先合成无色结晶紫内酯(LCVL),然后把LCVL氧化为CVL.本文对近年来合成LCVL和LCVL氧化为CVL的方法进行了综述.     

金属与N元素共掺杂TiO2复合材料光催化结晶紫

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出系列金属元素与非金属元素共掺杂TiO₂复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis/DRS)等对样品进行表征。结果表明,复合材料呈现团聚的块状结构,其中TiO₂为典型锐钛矿结构,N和In、Ce、Mn等元素以离子的形式存在。相比于TiO₂,复合材料的光吸收能力明显增强,同时非金属离子的掺杂提高了复合材料的可见光区吸收,金属离子的掺杂增加了复合材料的活性位点。复合材料在125 W高压汞灯照射下120 min结晶紫被降解82%。     

结晶紫在亚微米棒状ZnO表面增强拉曼光谱的研究

通过湿化学法在70℃低温条件下,制备了亚微米棒状ZnO。利用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线粉末衍射(XRD)以及拉曼光谱对棒状ZnO进行了表征。采用密度泛函(DFT/B3LYP)方法,以6-311G*为基组研究了结晶紫(CV)的理论平衡构型,同时以CV作为探针分子,检测了亚微米棒状ZnO的表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性。结果表明:亚微米棒状ZnO为六方纤锌矿结构,具有很高纯度和结晶度。CV在ZnO表面的拉曼增强因子可达1.2×102,其增强机理主要来源于化学增强。     

Degradation of poly(methylphenylsilylene) and poly(di-n-hexylsilylene)

Degradation of poly(methylphenylsiylene) and poly(di-n-hexylsilylene) was studied by chemical and mechanical methods at ambient and higher temperatures. Purely thermal degradation in solid state starts as a slow process at 150°C and provides soluble and insoluble products which include cyclosilanes as well as various siloxanes. Sonication at ambient temperatures leads to the mechanical degradation of high molecular weight polymers by homolytic cleavage induced by shear forces. No cyclics are formed under these conditions. Polysilanes in the presence of strong nucleophiles degrade exclusively to cyclic oligomers. Rate of this back-biting chain reaction depends on substituents at silicon atom, alkali metal, solvents, and temperature. Electrophiles degrade polysilanes to various α,ω-difunctional oligosilanes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Sonochemical synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles

Ruthenium nanoparticles have been prepared by sonochemical reduction of a ruthenium chloride solution using ultrasound frequencies in the range 20–1056 kHz The reduction was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry. Reduction proceeds sequentially from Ru(III) to Ru(II) to Ru(0) and takes almost 13 h. The Ru particles produced by the ultrasound reduction have diameters between 10 and 20 nm as measured by transmission electron microscope image.     

Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Microspheres Enhance Crystal Violet Dye Adsorption Properties

In this study, a polysaccharide-based hydrogel microsphere (SFP/SA) was prepared using S. fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) and sodium alginate (SA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated that SFP was effectively loaded onto the hydrogel microsphere. Texture profile analysis (TPA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that, with the increase of SFP concentration, the hardness of SFP/SA decreased, while the springiness and cohesiveness of SFP/SA increased, and the thermal stability of SFP/SA improved. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of SFP/SA increased from 8.20 mg/g (without SFP) to 67.95 mg/g (SFP accounted 80%) without swelling, and from 35.05 mg/g (without SFP) to 81.98 mg/g (SFP accounted 80%) after 24 h swelling. The adsorption of crystal violet (CV) dye by SFP/SA followed pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics (both with R² > 0.99). The diffusion of intraparticle in CV dye was not the only influencing factor. Moreover, the adsorption of CV dye for SFP/SA (SFP accounted 60%) fit the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. SFP/SA exhibited good regenerative adsorption capacity. Its adsorption rate remained at > 97% at the 10th consecutive cycle while SFP accounted for 80%. The results showed that the addition of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide could increase the springiness, cohesiveness and thermal stability of the hydrogel microsphere, as well as improve the adsorption capacity of crystal violet dye.